Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Medikamentöse Therapie

  • Chapter
Praktische Rheumatologie

  • 57 Accesses

Abstract

Die medikamentöse Schmerztherapie mit Analgetika hat die Beseitigung des Symptoms Schmerz zum Ziel. Über die Wirkung auf zentrale (spinale und supraspinale) und periphere Schmerzrezeptoren beeinflussen Analgetika nicht die Schmerzursache.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  1. Beubler E: Medikamentöse Schmerztherapie: Kriterien, Möglichkeiten, Risken. Therapiewoche Österr 7: 90–96, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  2. Freye E: Opioide in der Medizin. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, 1999

    Google Scholar 

  3. Hackenthal E: Paracetamol und Metamizol in der Therapie chronischer Schmerzen. Übersicht über Studien. Schmerz 11: 269–275, 1997

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Kobal G: Medikamentöse Behandlung des rheumatischen Schmerzes. Z Rheumatologie 53 [Suppl 1]: Abstract Nr M4, 1994

    Google Scholar 

  5. Kullich W: Opioide Neuropeptide und Schmerz. Therapiewo Österr 7: 74–83, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  6. Lehmann K: Pharmakotherapie des akuten Schmerzes. Arzneimitteltherapie 5: 46–55, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  7. Sorge J, Menninger H, Thoden U, Hackenthal E: Medikamentöse Schmerztherapie bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen. Schmerz 6: 212–218, 1992

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Sorge J, Steffiviann B, Lehmkuhl C, Pichlmayr I: Opioidanalgetika bei nichtmalignen Schmerzen. Langzeitbehandlungsergebnisse bei Patienten mit rheumatischen Beschwerden. Schmerz 5: 60–66, 1991

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Zenz M, Strumpf M, Willweber-Strumpf A: Orale Opiattherapie bei Patienten mit nicht- malignen Schmerzen. Schmerz 4: 14–21. 1990

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Zimmermann M: Opioide für nicht tumorbedingte chronische Schmerzen? Schmerz 4: 121–122, 1990

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Zimmermann M: Physiologische Grundlagen des Schmerzes und der Schmerztherapie. In: Zenz M, Jurna I (Hrsg) Lehrbuch der Schmerztherapie. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart, 1993, S 3–13

    Google Scholar 

  12. Zöllner N, Fassl H, Jurna I, Pietrzik KF, Schattenkirchner M (Hrsg): Klinische Bedeutung von Vitamin B 1, B6, B 12 in der Schmerztherapie. Steinkopf, Darmstadt, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  13. Brooks PM et al: Interpreting the clinical significance of the differential inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2. Rheumatol 38: 779–788, 1999

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Brooks PM: Kap. 5. In: Klippel JH, Dieppe PA (Eds) Rheumatology, 2nd Edn. Mosby, 1998

    Google Scholar 

  15. Eberl G, Siegmeth W: Differenzierte medikamentöse Schmerztherapie. In: Wörz R (Hrsg) Medikamentöse Rheumatherapie, 2. Aufl. Urban und Fischer, München Jena, 2001, S 215–257

    Google Scholar 

  16. Hawkey CJ: COX-2 inhibitor. Lancet 353: 307–314, 1999

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Hinz B, Brune K: Spezifische COX-2-Inhibitoren: Perspektiven einer Therapie mit neuen analgetischen und antiinflammatorischen Wirkstoffen. Wien Klin Wschr 111: 103–112, 1999

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Reuss-Borst M: Selektive Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Hemmer. Fortschritt in der Rheumabehandlung. Internist 38: 266–271, 1997

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Simon LS: Biology and toxic effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Curr Opin Rheumatol 10: 153–158, 1998

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Singh G, Ramey DR, Morrfeld D et al: Gastrointestinal tract complications of non steroidal antiinflammatory drug treatment in rheumatoid arthritis in a prospective observational cohort study. Arch Intern Med 156: 1530–1536, 1996

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Vane JR, Botting RM: Mechanism of action of antiinflammatory drugs. Int J Tiss Reac 20: 3–15, 1998

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Bröll H: Molekularbiologische Untersuchungen an Zellen der Synovialflüssigkeit von Patienten mit chronischer Polyarthritis nach intraartikulärer Prednisolonmedikation. Wien Klin Wschr [Suppl] 149: 96, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  23. Kaiser H, Kley K: Cortisontherapie, Corticoide in Klinik und Praxis, 10. Aufl. Thieme, Stuttgart New York, 1997

    Google Scholar 

  24. Smolen J: Glucocorticoide in der Rheumatologie. Int Z Ärztl Fortb (Up Date) 1994, S 1

    Google Scholar 

  25. Lorenz HM, Geiler T, Kalden JR: Immunsuppressive Therapiemodalitäten bei chronischen Polyarthritiden. Der Internist 38: 532–540, 1997

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Mackenzie AH, Scherbel AL: Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in rheumatological therapy. Clin Rheum Dis 6: 545–566, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  27. Pullar T, Wright V: The place of antimalarials in the second line therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Clin Pract 41 [Suppl] 52: 4–9, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  28. Rynes RI: Hydroxychlorquine treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Med 85 [Suppl] 4A: 18–22, 1988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Wallace DJ: The use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for non-infectious conditions other than rheumatoid arthritis or lupus: a critical review. Lupus 5 [Suppl] 1: 59–64, 1996

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Amos RS, Pullar T, Bax DE et al: Sulphasalazine for rheumatoid arthitis; toxicity in 774 patients monitored for one to 11 years. Br Med J 293: 420–423, 1986

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Box SA, Puilar T: Sulphasalazine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumatol 36: 382–386, 1997

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Farr M, Tunn EJ, Symmons DP et al: Sulphasalazine in rheumatoid arthritis: haematological problems and changes in haematological indices associated with therapy. Br J Rheumatol 28: 134–138, 1989

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Gunnarsson I, Kanerud L, Petterson E et al: Predisposing factors in suiphasalazine-induced systemic lupus erythematodes. Br J Rheumat 36: 1089–1094, 1997

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Haagsma CJ, Van Riel PLC et al: Combination of sulphasalazine and methotrexate versus the single components in early rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumatol 36: 1082–1088, 1997

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Pinals RS: Sulfasalazine in rheumatic disease. Sem Arthritis Rheum 17: 246–259, 1988

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Riel PL, van Gestel AM, van de Putte L: Long term usage and side-effect profile of sulphasalazine in rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumatol 34 [Suppl] 2: 40–42, 1995

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Svartz N: Salazopyrin, a new sulphanilamid preparation. Acta Med Scand 60: 577–598, 1942

    Google Scholar 

  38. Williams HJ, Ward JR et al: A controlled trial comparing sulfasalazine, gold sodium thiomalate, and placebo in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 31: 702–713, 1988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Bendix G, Bjelle A: A 10 year follow up of parenteral gold therapy in patients with rheumataid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 55: 169–176, 1996

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Burmester GR, Barthel HR: Wirkmechanismen von Gold bei der Behandlung der rheumatoiden Arthritis. Z Rheumatol 55: 299–306, 1996

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Griem P, Gleichmann E: Das Antirheumatikum Gold: erwünschte Wirkungen von Au (I) und Au (II) auf das Immunsystem. Z Rheumatol 55: 348–358 1996

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Kean WF, Hart L, Buchanan WW: Auranofin. Brit J Rheumatol 36: 560–572, 1997

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Mathies H, Häfner R: Die parenterale Goldtherapie. Eular, Basel, 1990

    Google Scholar 

  44. Mathies H, Wagenhäuser FJ, Siegmeth W: Richtlinien zur Therapie rheumatischer Erkrankungen. Eular, Basel, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  45. Menninger H, Herborn G, Sander O, Blechschmidt J, Rau R: A 36 month comparative trial of methotrexate and goldsodiumthiomalate in the treatment of early active and erosive rheumatoid arthritis. Brit J Rheumatol 37: 1060–1068, 1998

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Munroe R, Hampson R, Mac Entegart A, Thompson EA, Madhok R, Capell H: Improved functional outcome in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis treated with intramuscular gold: results of a five year prospective study. Ann Rheum Dis 57: 88–93, 1998

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Schattenkirchner M: Die Goldbehandlung der chronischen Polyarthritis. Compendia Rheumatologica. Eular, Basel, 1977

    Google Scholar 

  48. Scherak O, Smolen JS, Mayer WR, Mayrhofer F, Kolarz G, Thumb NJ: HLA antigens and toxicity to gold and penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 11: 610–614, 1984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Yanni G, Farahat MNMR, Poston RN, Panayi GS: Intramuscular gold decreases cytokine expression and macrophage numbers in the rheumatoid synovial membrane. Ann Rheum Dis 53: 315–322, 1994

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Bachman TR, Sawitzke AD, Perkins SL et al: Methotrexate-associated lymphoma in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 39: 325–329, 1996

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Bologna C, Viu P, Picot M-C et al: Long term follow-up of 435 rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with methotrexate: an open retrospective, observational study. Brit J Rheumatol 36: 535–540, 1997

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Cash JM (Ed) Methotrexate. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 23: 739–993, 1997

    Google Scholar 

  53. Cronstein BN: Molecular therapeutics. Methotrexate and its mechanism of action. Arthritis Rheum 39: 1951–1960, 1996

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Dequeker J, Maenaut K, Verwilghen J, Westmovens R: Osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exper Rheumatol 13 [Suppl] 12: S21–S26, 1995

    Google Scholar 

  55. Kremer JM, Alarcón GS, Weinblatt ME et al: Clinical, laboratory, radiographic, and histopathologic features of methotrexate-associated lung injury in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 40: 1829–1837, 1997

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Rau R: Niedrig-dosierte Methotrexatbehandlung der chronischen Polyarthritis. Literaturübersicht. Z Rheumatol 45: 283–295, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Anderson IF, Helve T, Hannonen P, Leirisalo Repo M, Kovarik JM: Conversion of patients with rheumatoid arthritis from the conventional to a microemulsion formulation of cyclosporine: a double blind comparison to screen for differences in safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics. J Rheumatol 26: 556–562, 1999

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Bilich A, Winkler G, Aschauer H, Rot A, Peichl P: Presence of cyclophilin A in synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Exp Med 185: 975–980, 1997

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Dougados M, Awada H, Amor B: Cyclosporin in rheumatoid arthritis: a double blind placebo controlled study in 52 patients. Ann Rheum Dis 47: 127–133, 1988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Ferraccioli GF, Bambara LM, Ferraris M, Perpignano G, Cattaneo R, Porzio F, Accardo S, Mattara L, Zoppini A, Benucci M, Ostuni PA, Pasero G, GRISAR: Effects of cyclosporin on joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 15 [Suppl 17]: 83–89, 1997

    Google Scholar 

  61. Forre O, Nowegian Arthritis Study Group: Radiologic evidence of disease modification in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with cyclosporine. Arthritis Rheum 37: 1506–1512, 1994

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Harding M, Handschumacher R: Cyclophilin, a primary molecular target for cyclosporine. Structural and functional implications. Transplantation [Suppl] 46: 295–355, 1988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Palestine A, Nussenblatt R, Chon C: Side effects of systemic cyclosporine in patients not undergoing transplantation. Am J Med 77: 652–656, 1984

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Pasero G, Priolo F, Marubini E, Fantini F, Ferraccioli G, Magaro M, Marcolongo R, Oriente P, Pipitone V, Portioli I, Tirri G, Trotta F, D Casa-Alberighi O: Slow progression of joint damage in early rheumatoid arthritis treated with cyclosporin A. Arthritis Rheum 39: 1006–1015, 1996

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Peichl P, Schmidt M, Zamani O, Broell H: Alprostadil (PGE 1) and cyclosporin A in treatment of vasculitis in rheumatoid arthritis. Z Rheumatol 56: 2 89–91, 1997

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Ptachinski R, Venkataramanan R, Burckhart G: Clinical pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin. Clin Pharmacokinet 11: 107–132, 1986

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Rodriguez F, Krayenbuehl JC, Harrison WB, Førre O, Dijkmans BAC, Tugwell P, Miescher PA, Mihatsch MJ: Renal biopsy findings and followup of renal function in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with cyclosporin A. Arthritis Rheum 39: 1491–1498, 1996

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Stein CM, Pincus T, Yocum D, Tugwell P, Wells G, Gluck O, Kraab G, Torley H, Tesser J, McKendry R, Brooks RH: Combination treatment of severe rheumatoid arthritis with cyclosporine and methotrexate for fortyeight weeks. Arthritis Rheum 40: 10: 1843–1851, 1997

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Tugwell P, Bombardier C, Gent M, Bennett K, Bensen W, Carette S, Chalmers A, Esdaile J, Klinkhoff A, Kraag G, Ludwin D, Roberts R: Low-dose cyclosporin versus placebo in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 335: 1051–1055, 1990

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Tugwell P, Pincus T, Yocum D, Stein M, Gluck O, Kraag G, McKendry R, Tesser J, Baker P, Wells G: Combination therapy with cyclosporine and methotrexate in severe rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 333: 137–141, 1995

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Van den Borne BEEM, Landewe RBM, Goeithe HS, Breedveld FC, Dijkmans BAC: Cyclosporin A therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: only strict application of the guidlines for safe use can prevent irreversible renal function loss. Rheumatology 38: 254–259, 1999

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Weinblatt ME, Coblyn J, Fraser P, Spragg J, Austen K: Cyclosporin A (Cy A) in refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Arthritis Rheum 30 [Suppl] 61, 1987

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Weinblatt ME, Coblyn JS, Fox DA, Fraser PA, Holdsworth DE, Glass DN, Trentham CB, Trentham DE: Efficacy of low dose methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 312: 818–822, 1985

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Zeidler HK, Kvien TK, Hannonen P, Wollheim FA, Førre O, Geidel H, Hafstroem I, Kaltwasser JP, Leirisalo-Repo M, Manger B, Laasonen L, Markert ER, Prestele H, Kurki P: Progression of joint damage in early active severe rheumatoid arthritis during 18 months of treatment: comparison of low-dose cyclosporin and parenteral gold. Brit J Rheumatol 37: 874–882, 1998

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Emery P, Breedveld FC, Lemmel EM et al: A comparison of the efficacy and safety of leflunomide and methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology 39: 655–665, 2000

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Smolen JS, Kalden JR, Scott DL et al: Efficacy and safety of leflunomide compared with placebo and sulphasalazine in active rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind, randomised, multicentre trial. Lancet 353: 259–266, 1999

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Strand V, Cohen S, Schiff M, Weaver A et al: Treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis with leflunomide compared with placebo and methotrexate. Leflunomide Rheumatoid Arthritis Investigators Group. Arch Intern Med 159: 2542–2550, 1999

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Cannon GW et al: Chlorambucil therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: clinical experience in 28 patients and literature review. Sem Arthr Rheum 15: 106–118, 1985

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Clements PJ et al: Cytotoxic drugs: their clinical application to the rheumatic diseases. Sem Arthr Rheum 15: 231–254, 1986

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Huskisson EC: Azathioprine. Clin Rheum Dis 10: 325–332, 1984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Kovarsky J: Clinical pharmacology and toxicology of cyclophosphamide. Emphasis on use in rheumatic disease. Sem Arthr Rheum 12: 359–372, 1983

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. McCune WJ et al: Intravenous cyclophosphamide therapy of severe SLE. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 15: 455–477, 1989

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Paulus HE et al: Azathioprine versus D-Penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis patients, who have been treated unsuccessfully with gold. Arthritis Rheum 279: 721–727, 1984

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Singh G et al: Toxic effects of azathioprine in rheumatoid arthritis. A national postmarketing perspective. Arthritis Rheum 32: 837–843, 1989

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Dhaher YY et al: The effect of OM-89 (Subreum) on the murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus MRL-lpr/lpr. Lupus 6: 436–440, 1998

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. Rosenthal M et al: Longterm treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with OM-8980. A retrospective study. J Rheumatol 18: 1790–1793, 1991

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Verstraeten A et al: OM-8980 and D-penicillamine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a 12-months double-blind randomized study. Scand J Rheumatol 19: 422–431, 1990

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Vischer TL: Oral desensitization in the treatment of human immune diseases. Z Rheumatol 54: 155–157, 1995

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Weiner HL: Oral tolerance: immune mechanism and treatment of autoimmune diseases. Immunol Today 18: 335–343, 1997

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Harris ED Jr: Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In: Kelley WN (Ed) Textbook of rheumatology, 5th Edn. 1997, pp 946–947

    Google Scholar 

  91. Lipsky P, Clair W, Furst D, Breedveld F, Smolen J, Kalden J, Weisman M, Emery P, Harriman G, van der Heijde D, Maini RN: 54-Week clinical and radiographic results from the ATTRACT trial: a phase III study of infliximab in patients with active RA despite methotrexate. 63rd Annual Scientific Meeting of the American College of Rheumatology, Boston, 1999

    Google Scholar 

  92. O’Dell JR et al: Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with methotrexate alone, sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine, or a combination of all three medications. N Engl J Med 334: 1287–1291, 1996

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Pincus T, O’Dell JR, Kremer JM: Combination therapy with multiple diseases-modifying antirheumatic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Int Med 131: 768–774, 1999

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Ryan L et al: Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Curr Op Rheumatol 11: 161–166, 1999

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Tugwell P et al: Combination with cyclosporine and methotrexate in severe rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 333: 137–141, 1995

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Verhoeven AC et al: Combination therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: updated systematic review. Br J Rheumatol 37: 612–619, 1998

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Weinblatt ME, Kremer JM, Coblyn JS, Maier AL, Helfgott SM, Morrell M, Byrne VM, Kaymakcian MV, Strand V: Pharmocokinetics, safety, and efficacy of combination treatment with methotrexate and leflunomide in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 42: 1322–1328, 1999

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Elliott MJ, Maini RN, Feldmann M, Kalden JR, Antoni C, Smolen JS et al: Randomised double blind comparison of chimeric monoclonal antibody to tumour necrosis factor alpha (cA2) versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 344: 1105–1110, 1994

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Maini RN, Breedveld FC, Kalden JR, Smolen JS et al: Therapeutic efficacy of multiple intravenous infusions of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody combined with low-dose weekly methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 41: 1552–1563, 1998

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Moreland LW, Baumgartner SW, Schiff MH et al: Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with a recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor (p75)-Fc fusion protein. N Engl J Med 337: 141–147, 1997

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Smolen JS, Kalden JR, Scott DL et al: Efficacy and safety of leflunomide compared with placebo and sulphasalazine in active rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind, randomised, multicentre trial. European Leflunomide Study Group. Lancet 353: 259–266, 1999

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Weinblatt ME, Kremer JM, Bankhurst AD et al: A trial of etanercept, a recombinant tumor necrosis factor receptor: Fc fusion protein, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving methotrexate. N Engl J Med 340: 253–259, 1999

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Barclay TS, Tsourounis C, McCart GM: Glucosamine. Ann Pharmacother 32: 574–579, 1998

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Bassleer C, Henrotin Y, Franchimont P: In vitro evaluation of drugs as chondroprotective agents. Int J Tiss React 14: 231–241, 1992

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Brandt KD: Compensation and decompensation of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis. Agents Actions 40: 232–234, 1993

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Jones AC, Pattrick M, Doherty S, Doherty M: Intra-articular hyaluronic acid compared to intra-articular triamcinolone hexacetonide in inflammatory knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr Cart 3: 269–273, 1995

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Leeb BF, Schweitzer H, Montag K, Smolen JS: A metaanalysis of chondroitin sulfate in the treatment of osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol 27: 205–211, 2000

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Lequesne M, Brandt K, Bellamy N, Moskowitz R, Menkes CJ, Pelletier JP: Guidelines for testing slow acting drugs in osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol [Suppl] 21: 65–73, 1994

    Google Scholar 

  109. Pelletier JP, Martel-Pelletier J: The pathophysiology of osteoarthritis and the implication of the use of hyaluronan and hylan as therapeutic agents in viscosupplementation. J Rheumatol [Suppl] 39: 19–24, 1999

    Google Scholar 

  110. Pelletier JP, DiBattista JA, Roughley P, McCollum R, Martel-Pelletier J: Cytokines and inflammation in cartilage degradation. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 19: 545–568, 1993

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Spencer CM, Wilde MI: Diacerein. Drugs 53: 98–108, 1997

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Emmerson BT: The management of gout. New Engl J Med 334: 445, 1996

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Goebel F-D, Gröbner W, Hartung R, Löffler W, Spann W, Zöllner N: Therapie und Prognose von Hyperurikämie und Gicht. In: Zöllner N (Hrsg) Hyperuricämie und Gicht 5. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 1982

    Google Scholar 

  114. Gröbner W: Pharmakologische Hemmung der Harnsäurebildung. In: Zöllner N (Hrsg) Therapie und Prognose von Hyperurikämie und Gicht. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 1982, S 38–58

    Google Scholar 

  115. Kelley WN, Wortmann RL: Gout and hyperuricemia. In: Kelley W, Harris E, Ruddy S, Sledge C (Eds) Textbook of rheumatology. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1997, pp 1313–135

    Google Scholar 

  116. Perez-Ruiz A, Alonso-Ruiz A, Calabozo M, Herrero-Beites A, Garcia-Erauskin G, Ruiz Lucea E: Efficacy of allopurinol and benzbromarone for the control of hyperuricaemia. A pathogenic approach to the treatment of primary chronic gout. Ann Rheum Dis 57: 545–549, 1998

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Pöllmann G, Kullich W, Klein G: Therapie der Hyperurikämie und Gichterkrankung. Wien Med Wschr 147: 382–387, 1997

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Francis MD, Horn PA, McCreary LD: Penetration and effect of topically applied dimethylsulfoxile or indomethacin on adjuvant arthritis in the rat. Arthritis Rheum 26: 861–865, 1983

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Moore RA, Tramer MR, Carrol D, Wiffen PJ, McQuay HJ: Quantitive review of topically applied non-steroidal-inflammatory drugs. BMJ 316: 333–338, 1994

    Article  Google Scholar 

  120. Rechziegler H: Perkutane Rheumatherapie mit nichtsteroidalen Antirheumatica. Schattauer, Stuttgart New York, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  121. Bergsmann O, Bergsmann R, Kellner U (Hrsg): Grundsystem und Regulationsstörung. Gedenkband der Arbeiten von U. Kellner. Haug, Heidelberg, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  122. Brügger A, Rhonheimer Ch: Pseudoradikuläre Syndrome des Stammes. Huber, Bern, 1967

    Google Scholar 

  123. Dosch P: Lehrbuch der Neuraltherapie, 7. Aufl. Haug, Heidelberg, 1977

    Google Scholar 

  124. Gross D: Therapeutische Lokalanästhesie, 3. Aufl. Hippokrates, Stuttgart, 1985

    Google Scholar 

  125. Hackett GS: Ligament and tendon relaxation. Thomas, Springfield, 1958

    Google Scholar 

  126. Hansen K, Schliack H: Segmentale Innervation. Thieme, Stuttgart, 1962

    Google Scholar 

  127. Hansen K: Therapeutische Techniken für die ärztliche Praxis. Thieme, Stuttgart, 1952

    Google Scholar 

  128. Huneke W: Impletoltherapie. Hippokrates, Stuttgart, 1952

    Google Scholar 

  129. Melzack R, Wall PD: Gate control theory of pain. Pain Proc Int Symp Pain Soulairac, Academic Press, 1968

    Google Scholar 

  130. Mumenthaler M, Schliack H: Läsionen peripherer Nerven, 2. Aufl. Thieme, Stuttgart, 1973

    Google Scholar 

  131. Pischinger A: Das System der Grundregulation. Haug, Heidelberg, 1975

    Google Scholar 

  132. Tilscher H, Eder M: Infiltrationstherapie. Hippokrates, Stuttgart, 1996

    Google Scholar 

  133. Travell JG, Simons DG: Myofascial pain and dysfunction. The trigger point manual. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1983

    Google Scholar 

  134. Dixon ASJ, Graber J: Lokale Injektionstherapie bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen. EularBulletin, Monograph series Nr 4. Eular, Basel, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  135. Frizziero L, Govoni E, Bacchini P: Intra-articular hyaluronic acid in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: clinical and morphological study. Clin Exp Rheumatol 16: 441–449, 1998

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Graf J, Neusel E, Schneider E, Niehart FU: Intraarticular treatment with hyaluronic acid in osteoarthritis of the knee joint: a controlled clinical trial versus mucopolysaccharide polysulfuric acid ester. Clin Exp Rheumatol 11: 367–372, 1993

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Kerschbaumer F, Herresthal J: Arthroskopische Synovektomie und Radiosynoviorthese. Z Rheumatol 55: 388–393, 1996

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Möllmann HW, Armbruster B, Barth J, Derendorf H, Flörke OW, Hochhaus G, Möllmann CR, Rohdewald P, Schmidt EW: Analyse von Form, Korngrößenverteilung und Aggregation der Kristalle in Glukokortikoid-Depotpräparaten. Akt Rheumatol 15: 101–124, 1990

    Article  Google Scholar 

  139. Savaser AN, Hoffmann K-T, Sörensen H, Banzer DH: Die Radiosynoviorthese im Behandlungsplan chronisch-entzündlicher Gelenkerkrankungen. Z Rheumatol 58: 71–78, 1999

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Ostensen M, Ostensen H: Safety of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in pregnant patients with rheumatic disease. J Rheumatol 23: 1045–1049, 1996

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Ostensen M: Optimization of antirheumatic drug treatment in pregnancy. Clin Pharmacokinet 27: 486–503, 1994

    Article  Google Scholar 

  142. Slone D, Siskind V, Heinonen OP et al: Aspirin and congenital malformations. Lancet 1: 1373–1375, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Soscia PN, Zurier RB: Die medikamentöse Therapie rheumatischer Erkrankungen während der Schwangerschaft. Eular Bull 22: 7–9, 1993

    Google Scholar 

  144. Amman HPT (Hrsg): Arzneimittelnebenwirkungen und Wechselwirkungen, 3. Aufl. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  145. Österreichische Fachinformation zu Celebrex, 2000

    Google Scholar 

  146. Österreichische Fachinformation zu Rofecoxib, 2000

    Google Scholar 

  147. Bartlett RR, Dimitrijevic M, Mattar T et al: Leflunomide (HWA 486), a novel immunomodulating compound for the treatment of autoimmune disorders and reactions leading to transplant rejection. Agents Actions 32: 10–21, 1991

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Battisti R, Botting R, Bakhle YS: COX-1 and COX-2: toward the development of more selective NSAIDs. Drugs News Persp 7: 501–512, 1994

    Google Scholar 

  149. Bensen W, Tugwell P, Roberts RM, Ludwin D, Ross H, Grace E, Gent M: Combination therapy of cyclosporine with methotrexate and gold in rheumatoid arthritis (2 pilot studies). J Rheumatol 21: 2034–2038, 1994

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Domljan Z, Popovic M, Mladenovic V, Rozman R, Mihajlovic D, Jajic I, Zivkovic M, Strand V, Löw-Friedrich I, Oed C, Musikic P, Seifert H: Efficacy and safety of leflunomide in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 36: 108 (abstract), 1993

    Google Scholar 

  151. Elliott WJ, Maini RN, Feldmann M, Kalden JR, Antoni C, Smolen JS, Leeb B, Breedveld FC, Macfarlane JD, Rijl H, Woody JN: Treatment with a chimaeric monoclonal antibody to tumour necrosis factor alpha suppresses disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 344: 1105–1110, 1994

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Gratwohl A, Tyndall A: Hämatopoietische Stammzelltransplantationen in der Behandlung von Autoimmunkrankheiten. Z Rheumatol 56: 173–177, 1997

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Leeming MRG and the Tenidap early RA group: A double-blind randomised comparison of tenidap versus auranofin plus diclofenac in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Clin Rheumatol 13: 355 (abstract), 1994

    Google Scholar 

  154. Rau R: Biologische Therapieverfahren bei chronischer Polyarthritis. Workshop auf der Regionaltagung der DGR Düsseldorf, 19.–21. 9. 1997. Z Rheumatol 57: 293–327

    Google Scholar 

  155. Rau R, Sander O, Musikic P: Behandlung der chronischen Polyarthritis mit einem humanen rekombinanten Interleukin 1-Rezeptorantagonisten. Z Rheumatol 57: 312–319, 1998

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Sipe JD, Bartle IM, Loose LD: Modification of proinflammatory cytokine production by the antirheumatic agents tenidap and naproxen. A possible correlate with clinical acute phases response. J Immunol 148: 480–484, 1992

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. Snowden JA, Brooks PM: Hematopoietic stemcell transplantation in rheumatic diseases. Curr Opin Rheumatol 11: 167–172, 1999

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Vischer TL: A double-blind multicentre study of OM-8980 and auranofin in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 47: 582–587, 1988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Wendling D, Racadot E, Wijdenes J: Treatment of severe rheumatoid arthritis by antiinterleukin 6 monoclonal antibody. J Rheumatol 20: 259–262, 1993

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. F. Mayrhofer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. G. Eberl
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. H. Bröll
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. F. Aglas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. J. Gretler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. R. Eberl
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. N. Thumb
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. K. Chlud
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. B. Leeb
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. P. Peichl
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. J. S. Smolen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. W. Ebner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. B. F. Leeb
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  14. J. Hermann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  15. M. Bach
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  16. F. Singer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  17. H. Tilscher
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  18. S. Leodolter
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  19. J. C. Huber
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  20. F. Rainer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  21. R. Pongratz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Rheumatologie, Baden, Österreich

    Norbert Thumb

  2. Kaiser Franz Josef Spital, Wien, Österreich

    Hans Bröll

  3. Otto Wagner Spital, Wien, Österreich

    Rainer Czurda

  4. Ludwig Boltzmann Forschungsstelle, Baden, Österreich

    Walter Siegmeth

  5. Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Wien, Österreich

    Josef Smolen

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Springer-Verlag Wien

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Mayrhofer, F. et al. (2001). Medikamentöse Therapie. In: Thumb, N., Bröll, H., Czurda, R., Siegmeth, W., Smolen, J. (eds) Praktische Rheumatologie. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-3802-1_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-3802-1_15

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-3803-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-3802-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation