Summary
The hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease are extracellular amyloid deposits and intraneuronal neurofibrillary changes. The distribution pattern of amyloid is different from that of neurofibrillary changes. Plaque-like deposits of amyloid should carefully be distinguished from the well known neuritic plaques. The brunt of the cortical pathology is borne by the entorhinal region, the hippocampal formation, and the isocortical association areas. The early occurring destruction of the entorhinal cortex disrupts the transport of information from isocortical association areas to the hippocampal formation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Braak H (1980) Architectonics of the human telencephalic cortex. In: Braitenberg V, Barlow HB, Bizzi E, Florey E, Grösser OJ, van der Loos H (eds) Studies of brain function, vol 4. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 1–147
Braak H (1984) Architectonics as seen by lipofuscin stains. In: Peters A, Jones EG (eds) Cerebral cortex, vol 1. Plenum Press, New York, pp 59–104
Braak H, Braak E (1985) On areas of transition between entorhinal allocortex and temporal isocortex in the human brain. Normal morphology and lamina-specific pathology in Alzheimer’s disease. Acta Neuropathol 68: 325–332
Braak H, Braak E ( 1988 a) Morphology of the human isocortex in young and aged individuals• qualitative and quantitative findings. In: von Hahn HP (ed) Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology, vol 25. Karger, Basel, pp 1–15
Braak H, Braak E (1988 b) Neuropil threads occur in dendrites of tangle-bearing nerve cells. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 14: 39–44
Braak H, Braak E, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K (1986) Occurrence of neuropil threads in the senile human brain and in Alzheimer’s disease: a third location of paired helical filaments outside of neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques. Neurosci Lett 65: 351–355
Braak H, Braak E, Kalus P (1989) Alzheimer’s disease: areal and laminar pathology in the occipital isocortex. Acta Neuropathol 77: 494–506
Brun A (1983) An overview of light and electron microscopic changes. In: Reisberg B (ed) Alzheimer’s disease. The standard reference. Free Press, New York, pp 37–47
Brun A, Gustafson L (1976) Distribution of cerebral degeneration of Alzheimer’s disease. Arch Psychiat Nervenkr 223: 15–33
Campbell SK, Switzer RC, Martin TL (1987) Alzheimer’s plaques and tangles: a controlled and enhanced silver-staining method. Soc Neurosci Abstr 13: 678
Gallyas F, Wolff JR (1986) Metal-catalyzed oxidation renders silver intensification selective. Applications for the histochemistry of diaminobenzidine and neurofibrillary changes. J Histochem Cytochem 34: 1667–1672
Hyman BT, van Hoesen GW, Damasio AR, Barnes CL (1984) Alzheimer’s disease: cell-specific pathology isolates the hippocampal formation. Science 225:1168 –1170
Hyman BT, van Hoesen GW, Kromer LJ, Damasio AR (1986) Perforant pathway changes and the memory impairment of Alzheimer’s disease. Ann Neurol 20: 472–481
Mann DMA (1985) The neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease: a review with pathogenetic, aetiological and therapeutic considerations. Mech Ageing Dev 31: 213–255
Price DL (1986) New perspectives of Alzheimer’s disease. Ann Rev Neurosci 9: 489–512
Probst A, Ulrich J, Heitz PU (1982) Senile dementia of Alzheimer type: astroglial reaction to extracellular neurofibrillary tangles in the hippocampus. An immunocytochemical and electron-microscopic study. Acta Neuropathol 57:75 – 79
Stephan H (1975) Allocortex. In: Bargmann W (Hrsg) Handbuch der mikroskopischen Anatomie des Menschen, Bd 4/9. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Van Hoesen GW (1982) The parahippocampal gyrus. New observations regarding its cortical connections in the monkey. Trends Neurosci 5: 345–350
Van Hoesen GW, Pandya DN, Butters N (1972) Cortical afferents to the entorhinal cortex of the rhesus monkey. Science 175: 1471–1473
Von Braunmühl A (1957) Alterserkrankungen des Zentralnervensystems. Senile Involution. Senile Demenz. Alzheimersche Krankheit. In: Lubarsch O, Henke F, Rössle R (Hrsg) Handbuch der speziellen pathologischen Anatomie und Histologie, Bd 13/1A. Springer, Berlin, S 337–539
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 Springer-Verlag Wien
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Braak, H., Braak, E. (1990). Morphology of the cerebral cortex in relation to Alzheimer’s dementia. In: Maurer, K., Riederer, P., Beckmann, H. (eds) Alzheimer’s Disease. Epidemiology, Neuropathology, Neurochemistry, and Clinics. Key Topics in Brain Research. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-3396-5_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-3396-5_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna
Print ISBN: 978-3-211-82197-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-3396-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive