Zusammenfassung
In den letzten 20 Jahren wurden verschiedene nicht-trizyklische Verbindungen mit dem Ziel entwickelt, die möglicherweise strukturinhärenten Nachteile der klassischen trizyklischen Antidepressiva zu überwinden. Nach strukturchemischen Merkmalen bzw. pharmakologisch-biochemischen Gesichtspunkten lassen sich folgende Gruppen nicht-trizyklischer Antidepressiva unterscheiden:
-
1.
tetrazyklische Antidepressiva (Maprotilin, Mianserin)
-
2.
chemisch andersartige Antidepressiva (Trazodon, Viloxazin)
-
3.
Serotonin-selektive Wiederaufnahmehemmer/Reuptake Inhibitoren, SSRI (Citalopram, Fluoxetin, Fluvoxamin, Paroxetin, Sertralin).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literatur
Bergstrom RF, Lemberger L, Farid NA, Wolen RL (1988) Clinical pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of fluoxetine: a review. Br J Clin Pharmacol 153 [Suppl 3]: 47–50
Braithwaite RA (1980) Plasma-protein binding of tricyclic antidepressants. Postgrad Med J 56 [Suppl 1]: 107–111
Breyer-Pfaff U, Kroeker M, Winkler T, Kriemler P (1985) Isolation and identification of hydroxylated maprotiline metabolites. Xenobiotica 15: 57–66
Brogden RN, Heel RC, Speight TM, Avery GS (1981) Trazodone: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in depression and anxiety. Drugs 21: 401–429
Case DE, Reeves PR (1975) The disposition and metabolism of I.C.I. 58,834 (viloxazine) in humans. Xenobiotica 5: 113–129
Ciraulo DA, Shader RI (1990) Fluoxetine drug-drug interactions. I. Antidepressants and anti-psychotics. J Clin Psychopharmacol 10: 48–50
Dawling S, Ford S, Ariyanayagam P, O’neal H, Lewis RR (1987) Plasma concentrations of mianserin after single dose and at steady-state in depressed elderly patients. Clin Pharmacokinet 12: 73–78
Bree H, Schoot JB, Post LC (1983) Fluvoxamine maleate: disposition in man. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 8: 175–179
Jongh GD, Wildenberg HM, Nieuwenhuyse H, Veen F (1981) The metabolism of mianserin in women, rabbits, and rats. Identification of the major urinary metabolites. Drug Metab Dispos 9: 48–53
Dieterle W, Faigle JW, Kong W, Theobald W (1984) The metabolic fate of 14C-oxaprotiline HCl in man. III. Stereospecific disposition. Biopharm Drug Dispos 5: 377–386
Elwan O, Adam HK (1980) Relationship between blood and cerebrospinal levels of the antidepressant agent viloxazine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 17: 179–182
Fredericson Overo K (1982) Kinetics of citalo-pram in man; plasma levels in patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 6: 311–318
Fredericson Overo K, Toft B, Christophersen L, Gylding-Sabroe JP (1985) Kinetics of citalo-pram in elderly patients. Psychopharmacology 86: 253–257
Greenbla1t DJ, Friedman H, Burstein ES et al. (1987) Trazodone kinetics: effect of age, gender, and obesity. Clin Pharmacol Ther 42: 193–200
Hansen BA, Mengel H, Keiding S, Lund J (1984) Femoxetine clearance in patients with liver cirrhosis. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 55: 386–390
Raye CM, Haddock RE, Langley PF, Mellows G, Tasker TCG, Zussman BD, Greb WH (1989) A review of the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of paroxetine in man. Acta Psychiatr Scand 80 [Suppl 3501: 60–75
Kragh-S Rensen P, Fredericson Overo K, Lindegaard Pedersen O, Jensen K, Parnas W (1981) The kinetics of citalopram: single and multiple dose studies in man. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 48: 53–60
Krause W, Kühne G, Matthes H (1989) Pharmacokinetics of the antidepressant rolipram in healthy volunteers. Xenobiotica 19: 683–692
Krause W, Kühne G, Sauerbrey N (1990) Pharmacokinetics of (+)-rolipram and (—)-rolipram in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 38: 71–75
Kristensen CB, Gram LF, Kragh-Sorensen P (1985) Mianserin protein binding in serum and plasma from healthy subjects and patients with depression and rheumatoid arthritis. Psychopharmacology 87: 204–206
Lai AA, Schroeder DH (1983) Clinical pharmacokinetics of bupropion: a review. J Clin Psychiatry 44 (Sec 2): 82–84
Lund J, Christensen JA, Bechgaard E, Molander L, Larsson H (1979) Pharmacokinetics of femoxetine. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 44: 177–184
Maguire K, Mcintyre I, Norman T, Burrows GD (1983) The pharmacokinetics of mianserin in elderly depressed patients. Psychiatry Res 8: 281–287
Maguire KP, Norman TR, Burrows GD, Scoggins BA (1980) An evaluation of maprotiline intravenous kinetics and comparison of two oral doses. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 18: 249–254
Mengel H, Lund J, Lange J (1983) Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of femoxetine. Arzneimittelforschung 33: 462–466
Oyehaug E, Stensen ET, Salvesen B (1984) Highperformance liquid chromatographic determination of citalopram and four of its metabolites in plasma and urine samples from psychiatric patients. J Chromatogr 308: 199–208
Overmars H, Scherpenisse PM, Post LC (1983) Fluvoxamine maleate: metabolism in man. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 8: 269–280
Pisani F, Fazio A, Spina E, Artesi C, Pisani B, Russo M, Trio R, Perucca E (1986) Pharmacokinetics of the antidepressant drug viloxazine in normal subjects and in epileptic patients receiving chronic anticonvulsant treatment. Psychopharmacology 90: 295–298
Posner J, Bye A, Dean K, Peck AW (1985) The disposition of bupropion and its metabolites in healthy male volunteers after single and multiple doses. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 29: 97–103
Preskorn SH (1983) Antidepressant response and plasma concentrations of bupropion. J Clin Psychiatry 44 (Sec 2): 137–139
Riess W, Dubey L, Fünfgeld EW et al. (1975) The pharmaco-kinetic properties of maprotiline (Ludiomil®) in man. J Int Med Res 3 [Suppl 21: 16–41
Schenker S, Bergstrom RF, Wolen RL, Lemberger L (1988) Fluoxetine disposition and elimination in cirrhosis. Clin Pharmacol Ther 44: 353–359
Welch RM, Lai AA, Schroeder DH (1987) Pharmacological significance of the species differences in bupropion metabolism. Xenobiotica 17: 287–298
Al-Yassiri MM, Ankier SI, Bridges PK (1981) Trazodone–a new antidepressant. Life Sci 28: 2449–2458
Bergstrom RF, Lemberger L, Farid NA, Wolen RL (1988) Clinical pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of fluoxetine: a review. Br J Psychiatry 153 [Suppl 3]: 47–50
Boissier JR, Portmann-Cistesco E, Soubrié P et al. (1974) Pharmacological and biochemical features of trazodone. In: BAN TA, SILVESTRINI B (eds) Trazodone. Mod Probl Pharmacopsychiatry 9: 18–28
Bouchard RH, Pourcher E, Vincent P (1989) Fluoxetine and extrapyramidal side-effects. Am J Psychiatry 146: 1352–1353
Boyer WF, Feighner JP (1991) Pharmacokinetics and drugs interactions. In: Feighner JP, Boyer WP, Wiley & Sons (eds) Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors. Perspect Psychiatry 1: 81–88
Breyer-Pfaff U, Gaertner HJ (1987) Antidepressiva, Pharmakologie, therapeutischer Einsatz und Klinik der Depression. In: Ammon HPT, Weaning C (Hrsg) Medizinisch-pharmakologisches Kompendium, Bd 5. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Stuttgart
Bryant SG, Ereshefsky L (1982) Antidepressant properties of trazodone. Clin Pharm 1: 406–417
Cain CR, Hamilton TC, Norton J, Peterson EN, Tormahlen D (1989) Relative lack of cardiotoxity of paroxetine in animal models. Acta Psychiatr Scand 80 [Suppl 3501: 27–30
Clements Jewery S, Robson PA, Chidley LJ (1980) Biochemical investigations into the mode of action of trazodone. Neuropharmacology 19: 1165
Debbas NMG, Ankier SI, Warrington SJ (1989) Trazodone conventional and controlled-release formulations: pharmacodynamic effects after single and repeated administration. Curr Med Res Opin 11: 501–509
Delini-Stula A (1989) Animal models in the research of antidepressants and their experimental validation. Habilitation, Universität Basel
Dingemanse J (1993) An update of recent modobemide interaction data. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 7: 167–180
Erikkson E, Humble H (1990) Serotonin in psychiatric pathopsychology. In: Phol R, Gershon H (eds) The biological basis of psychiatric treatment. Karger, Basel, pp 66–119 (Prog Basic Clin Pharmacol, vol 3 )
Garattini S (1974) Biochemical studies with trazodone. A new psychoactive drug. In: BAN TA, SILVESTRINI B (eds) Trazodone. Mod Probl Pharmacopsychiatry 9: 29–46
Gartrell N (1986) Increased libido in women receiving trazodone. Am J Psychiatry 143: 781–782
Georgotas A, Forsell TL, Mann JJ, Kim M
Gershon S (1982) Trazodone hydrochloride: a wide spectrum antidepressant with a unique pharmacological profile. A review of its neurochemical effects, pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and toxicology. Pharmacotherapy 2 (5): 255–265
Haddock RE, Johnson AM, Langley PF, Nelson DR, Pope JA, Thomas DR, Woods FR (1989) Metabolic pathway of paroxetin in animals and man and the comparative pharmacological properties of its metabolites. Acta Psychiatr Scand 80 [Suppl 3501: 24–26
Halper PJ, Mann JJ (1988) Cardiovascular effects of antidepressant medications. Br J Psychiatry 153 [Suppl 31: 87–98
Hindmarch I (1988) A pharmacological profile of fluoxetine and other antidepressants on aspects of skilled performance and car handling ability. Br J Psychiatry 153 [Suppl 3]: 99–104
Hindmarch I (1988a) Cognitive and behavioural consequences of antidepressants. In: Leonard BE, Parker SW (eds) Risk/benefits of antidepressants–current approaches. Duphar, Southampton, pp 18–24
Hindmarch I, Alford C, Barwell F, Kerr JS (1992) Measuring the side effects of psychotropics: the behavioural toxicity of antidepressants. J Psychopharmacol 6 (2): 198–203
Hyrrel J (1982) Citalopram pharmacological profile of specific serotonin uptake inhibitor with antidepressant activity. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 6: 277–295
Janowski D, Curtis G, Zisook S, Kuhn K, Resovsky K, Lewinter M (1983) Ventricular arrhythmias possibly aggravated by trazodone. Am J Psychiatry 140: 796–797
Johnson AM (1989) An overview of the animal pharmacology of paroxetine. Acta Psychiatr Scand 80 [Suppl 3501: 14–20
Johnson AM (1991) The comparative pharmacological properties of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in animals. In: FEIGHNER JP, BOYER WF, WILEY & SONS (eds) Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors. Perspect Psychiatry 1: 47–70
Kleinlogel H, Burki H (1987) Effects of selective 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitors, paroxetine and zimelidine, on EEG sleep and waking changes in the rat. Neuropharmacology 17: 206–212
Lader M (1988) Comments on the studies in healthy human subjects. Adv Biol Psychiatry 17: 47–51
Lemberger L, Rowe H, Bosomworth JC et al. (1988) The effect of fluoxetine on the pharmakokinetics and psychomotor responses of diazepam. Clin Pharmacol Ther 43: 412–419
Lisciani R, Baldini A, Benedetti D, Campana A, Scorza Barcellona P (1978) Acute cardiovascular toxicity of trazodone, etoperidone and imipramine in rats. Toxicology 10: 151–158
Longmore J, Banjar W, Bradshaw M, Szabaldi E (1988) Effects of a controlled-release formulation of trazodone on psychomotor and autonomic functions in healthy volunteers: comparison with trazodone (conventional formulation), amitriptyline and placebo. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 34: 97–99
Maître L, Moser P, Baumann PA, Waldmeier PC (1980) Amine uptake inhibitors: criteria of selectivity. Acta Psychiatr Scand [Suppl 2801: 97–110
Maitre L, Baumann P, Jaekel J, Waldmeier PC (1982) 5-HT-uptake inhibitors: psychopharmacological and neurobiological criteria of selectivity. Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol 34: 229–246
Maj J, Lewandowska A (1980) Central serotoninmimetic action of phenylpiperazines. Pol J Pharmacol Pharm 32: 495–504
Maj J, Przegalinski E, Mogilnicka E (1984) Hypothesis concerning the mechanism of action antidepressant drugs. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 100: 1–74
Marsden CA (1991) The neuropharmacology of serotonin in the central nervous system. In: Feighner JP, Boyer WF, Wiley & Sons (eds) Selective serotonin uptake inhibitors. Perspect Psychiatry 1: 11–35
Martinez C, Domin AK P, Kees F, Grobecker H (1985) Inhibition of monoamine oxidase by viloxazine in rats. Arzneimittelforschung/ Drug Res 36: 800–803
Nerrer P (1988) Serotonin reuptake inhibitors in healthy human subjects. Adv Biol Psychiatry 17: 31–46
Overo KF (1989) The pharmacokinetic and safety evaluation of citalopram from prelinical and clinical data. In: Montgomery SA (ed) Citalo-pram, the new antidepressant from Lundbeck Research. Excerpta Media, Amsterdam, pp 22–30
Pinder RM, Progden RN, Speight TM, Avery GS (1977) Viloxazine: a review of its pharmacological properties and theapeutic efficacy in depressive illness. Drugs 13: 401–421
Riblet LA, Taylor DP (1981) Pharmacology and neurochemistry of trazodone. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1 [Suppl]: 17–22
Richelson E, Nelson A (1984) Antagonism by antidepressants of neurotransmitter receptors of normal human brain in vitro. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 230: 94–102
Richelson E, Pfenning E (1984) Blockade by antidepressants and related compunds of bio-genic amine uptake into rat brain synaptosomes: most antidepressants selectively block norepinephrine uptake. Eur J Pharmacol 104: 277–286
Silvestrini B, Cioli V, Burberi S et al. (1968) Pharmacological properties of AF 1161, a new psychotropic drug. Int J Neuropharmacol 7: 587–599
Sugrue MF (1980) Inability of chronic fluoxetin to potentiate a serotonin-mediated effect. Comm Psychopharmacol 4: 131–134
Thomas DR, Nelson DR, Johnson AM (1987) Biochemical effects of the antidepressant paroxetine, a specific 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitor. Psychopharmacology 93: 193–200
Waldmeier PC (1979) Analysis of the activation of dopamin metabolism by a serotonin uptake inhibitor. Eur J Pharmacol 60: 315–322
Waldmeier PC (1983) Neurobiochemische Wirkungen antidepressiver Substanzen. In: Langer G, Heimann H (Hrsg) Psychopharmaka — Grundlagen and Therapie. Springer, Wien New York, S 65–81
Waldmeier PC, Delini-Stula A (1979) Serotonindopamine interactions in the nigrostriatal system. Eur J Pharmacol 55: 363–373
Wong DT, Reid LR (1986) Suppression of food-intake in meal-fed and 2-desoxyglucosetreated rats be enantiomers of fluoxetine and other inhibitors of monoamine uptake. Fed Proc 45: 609–614.
Abell CA, Farquhar DL, Galloway SM, Steven F, Philip AE, Munro JF (1986) Placebo controlled double-blind trial of fluvoxamine maleate in the obese. J Psychosom Res 30: 143–146
Abram M, Lincoln M, Myer TJ (1984) Multicenter evaluation of maprotiline hydrochloride for treatment of depression. Clin Ther 6: 155–158
Adly C, Straumanis J, Chesson A (1992) Fluoxetine prophylaxis of migraine. Headache 32: 101–104
Ahlfors UG, Elovaara S, Harma P, Suoniemi I, Heikkila L, Nummi K, Vartiainen A, Vartiainen H, Tamminen T, Elgen K, Sundman K (1988) Clinical multicentre study of citalopram compared double-blindly with mianserin in depressed patients in Finland. Nord Psykiatr Tidsskr 42: 201–210
Allain H, Lieury A, Brunet-Bourgin F et al. (1992) Antidepressants and cognition: comparative effects of moclobemide, viloxazine and maprotiline. Psychopharmacology 106: S56 — S61
Altamura AC, Mauri MC, Guercetti G (1986) Age, therapeutic „milieu“ and clinical outcome in depressive patients treated with viloxazine: a study with plasma levels. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 10: 67–75
Altamura AC, Montgomery SA, Wernicke JF (1988) The evidence for 20 mg a day of fluoxetine as the optimal dose in the treatment of depression. Br J Psychiatry [Suppll 153: 109–112
Altamura AC, Percudani M, Guercetti G, Invernizzi G (1989) Efficacy and tolerability of fluoxetine in the elderly: a double-blind study versus amitriptyline. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 4: 103–106
Altamura AC, Mauri MC, Rudas N, Carpiniello B, Montanini R, Perini M, Scapicchio PL, Hadjchristos C, Carucci G, Minervini M (1989) Clinical activity and tolerability of trazodone, mianserin and amitriptyline in elderly subjects with major depression: a controlled multicenter trial. Clin Neuropharmacol 12 [Suppl 1]: 25–33
Altamura AC, Mauri MC, Girardi T et al. (1990) Alcoholism and depression: a placebo controlled study with viloxazine. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 10: 293–298
Altissimi C, Mastrostefano MP, Signore L (1971) AF-1161 used as a preanaesthetic medication in cesarean section. Acta Anaestesiol Scand 22: 587
Amin M, Honiela D, Jussin D et al. (1976) A placebo-controlled clinical trial. Psychopharmacol Bull 12: 45–46
Amin M, Khan P, Lehmann HE (1980) The differential effects of viloxazine and imipramine on performance tests: their relationship to behavioral toxicity. Psychopharmacol Bull 16: 57–58
Amin M, Lehmann H, Mirmiran J (1989) A double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-finding study with sertraline. Psychopharmacol Bull 25: 164–167
Amin MM, Ananth JV, Coleman BS, Darcourt G, Farkas T, Goldstein B, Lapierre YD, Paykel E, Wakelin JS (1984) Fluvoxamine: antidepressant effects confirmed in a placebo-controlled international study. Clin Neuropharmacol 7: 580–581
Amore M, Bellini M, Berardi D, Berlinzani L, Cervino G, Cremonini A, Ferrari G, Innamorati A (1989) Double-blind comparison of fluvoxamine and imipramine in depressed patients. Curr Ther Res 46: 815–820
Amrein R, Guntert TW, Dingemanse J, Lorscheid T, Stahl M, Schmid-Burgk W (1992) Interactions of moclobemide with concomitantly administered medication: evidence from pharmacological and clinical studies. Psycho-pharmacology 106: S24 — S31
Andrews PLR, Hawthorn J (1988) The neurophysiology of vomiting. Bailliére’s Clin Gastroenterol 2: 141–168
Ananth J, Ayd FJ (1980) Maprotiline therapy: update 1980. In: Ayd FJ (ed) Clinical depressions; diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, 203. Ayd Medical Communications, Baltimore
Aranow RB, Hudson JI, Pope HG et al. (1989) Elevated antidepressant plasma levels after addition of fluoxetine. Am J Psychiatry 146: 911–913
Asayesh K (1986) Combination of trazodone and phenothiazines: a possible additive hypotensive effect. Can J Psychiatry 31: 857–858
Ayd FJ, Settle EC (1982) Trazodone: a novel broad-spectrum antidepressant. Mod Probl Pharmacopsychiatry 18: 49–69
Babul N, Rozek S (1987) The toxicity of tricyclic antidepressants. JAMA 257: 2435–2441
Bacher NM, Ruskin P (1991) Addition of fluoxetine to treatment of schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry 148: 274–275
Baker RW (1992) Fluoxetine and schizophrenia in a patient with obsessional thinking. J Neuropsychiat 4: 232–233
Baldwin D, Fineberg N, Montgomery S (1991) Fluoxetine, fluvoxamine and extrapyramidal tract disorders. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 6: 51–58
Balestrieri A, Venerazzo C, Bediamo M (1971) Clinical comparative evaluation of maprotiline, a new antidepressant drug. Int Pharmacopsychiatry 6: 236–241
Bamrahjs, Benbow SM, Mckennaj (1990) Fluvoxamine and liver enzymes. Br J Psychiatry 156: 286–287
Ban TA (1980) Psychopharmacology for the aged. Karger, Basel New York
Bannister SJ, HOUSER VP, Hulse JD et al. (1989) Evaluation of the potential for interactions of paroxetine with diazepam, cimetidine, warfarin, and digoxin. Acta Psychiatr Scand 80 [Suppl 3501: 102–106
Baron BM, Ogden AM, Siegel BW, Stegeman J, Ursillo RC, Dudley MW (1988) Rapid down regulation of beta-adrenoceptors by co-administration of desipramine and fluoxetine. Eur J Pharmacol 154: 125–134
Barr LC, Goodman WK, Price LH, Mcdougle CJ, Charney DS (1992) The serotonin hypothesis of obsessive compulsive disorder: implications of pharmacologie challenge studies. J Clin Psychiatry [Suppll 53: 17–28
Barrelet L, Blajev B, Bolzani L, DE Saussure CH, Kasas A, Van H, Gachoud JP (1991) Etude multicentrique comparant l’efficacité et la tolérance du moclobémide et de la fluvoxamine chez des patients hospitalisés et ambulatoires presentant un épisode dépressif majeur. Schweiz Rundschau Med (Praxis) 80: 524–528
Bartholini E, Pinto O (1973) Ein Vergleich zweier verschiedener Dosierungen von Ludiomil. In: Kielholz P (Hrsg) Die larvierte Depression. Huber, Bern Stuttgart Wien, S 262–271
Bascara L (1989) A double-blind study to compare the effectiveness and tolerability of paroxetine and amitriptyline in depressed patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 80: 141–142
Battegay R, Hager M, Rauchfleisch U (1985) Double-blind comparative study of paroxetine and amitriptyline in depressed patients of a university psychiatric outpatient clinic (pilot study). Neuropsychobiology 13: 31–37
Baumann P (1991) Serotonin und Suizid. In: Heinrich K, Hippius H, Poldinger W (Hrsg )
Serotonin — ein funktioneller Ansatz für die psychiatrische Diagnostik und Therapie? duphar med communication, Bd 2. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, S 79–94
Bayliss PFC, Dewsbury AR, Donald JF et al. (1974) A double-blind controlled trial of Vivalan (viloxazine hydrochloride) and imipramine hydrochloride in the treatment of depression in general practice. J Int Med Res 2: 260–265
Beasley CM, Sayler ME, Cunningham GE, Weiss AM, Masica DN (1990) Fluoxetine in tricyclic refractory major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 20: 193–200
Beasley CM, Bosomworth JC, Wernicke JF (1990a) Fluoxetine: relationships among dose, response, adverse events, and plasma concentrations in the treatment of depression. Psychopharmacol Bull 26: 18–24
Beasley CM, Dornseif BE, Bosomworth JC, Sayler ME, Rampey AH, Heiligenstein JH, Thompson VL, Murphy DJ, Masica DN (1991a) Fluoxetine and suicide: a meta-analysis of controlled trials of treatment for depression. Br Med J 303: 685–692
Beasley CM, Dornseif BE, Pultz JA, Bosomworth JC, Sayler ME (1991b) Fluoxetine versus trazodone: efficacy and activating-sedating effects. J Clin Psychiatry 52: 294–299
Beasley CM, Sayler ME, Bosomworth JC, Wernikke JF (1991c) High-dose fluoxetine: efficacy and activating-sedating effects in agitated and retarded depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol 11: 166–174
Bech P (1988) A review of the antidepressant properties of serotonin reuptake inhibitors. In: GASTPAR M, WAKELIN JS (eds) Selective-5-HT reuptake inhibitors. Novel or commonplace agents? Karger, Basel, pp 58–69
Bech P, Cialdella P (1992) Citalopram in depression — meta-analysis of intended and unintended effects. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 6: 43–52
Bell IR, Cole JO (1988) Fluoxetine induces elevation of desipramine level of exacerbation of geriatric nonpsychotic depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol 8: 447–448
Benfield P, Ward A (1986) Fluvoxamine. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy in depressive illness. Drugs 32: 313–334
Benfield P, Heel RC, Lewis SP (1986) Fluoxetine. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy in depressive illness. Drugs 32: 481–508
Benkert O, Hippius (1992) Psychiatrische Pharmakotherapie, 5. Aufl. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo
Bergener M, Hesse C, Hummel F, Husser J, Kern U, Neller K, Reimers I (1978) Mehrdimensionale psychopharmakologische Untersuchung am Beispiel einer Doppelblindstudie mit Maprotilin. Pharmakopsychiatrie 11: 63–67
Bergener M, Hummel F, Hesse C (1982) Zur Problematik der Therapieforschung in der Gerontopsychiatrie: Anwendung von Maprotilin bei depressiven Zuständen im höheren Lebensalter. In: Kielholz P, Adams C (Hrsg) Tropfinfusionen in der Depressionsbehandlung. Thieme, Stuttgart New York, S 76–88
Bergstrom RF, Peyton AL, Lemberger L (1992) Quantification and mechanism of the fluoxetine and tricyclic antidepressant interaction. Clin Pharmacol Ther 51: 239–248
Biamino G (1976) Wirkung trizyklischer Antidepressiva auf Hämodynamik und Noradrenalinplasmaspiegel des Menschen in Ruhe und unter Belastung. Z Kardiol 65: 319–324
Bignamini A, Rapisarda V (1992) A double-blind multicentre study of paroxetine and amitriptyline in depressed outpatients. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 6: 37–41
Black DW (1992) Meaning of refractory depression. Am J Psychiatry 149: 277
Black DW, Wesner R, Bowers W, Gabel J (1993) A comparison of fluvoxamine, cognitive therapy, and placebo in the treatment of panic disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 50: 44–50
Blackwell B, Simon J (1987) Antidepressant drugs. In: DUKES MNG (ed) Side effects of drugs annual 11. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 14–23
Blier P, Bouchard C (1992) Effect of repeated electroconvulsive shocks on serotonergic neurons. Eur J Pharmacol 211: 365–373
Bodkin JA, Teicher MH (1989) Fluoxetine may antagonize the anxiolytic action of buspirone (letter). J Clin Psychopharmacol 9: 150
Boeck V, Joergensen A, Overo KF (1984) Comparative animal studies on cardiovascular toxicity of tri-and tetracyclic antidepressants and citalopram: relation to drug plasma levels. Psychopharmacology 82: 275–281
Böning J (1980) Paradoxe Akinesen unter Therapie mit Antidepressiva. Pharmakopsychiat 13: 336–341
Böning J (1982) Antidepressive Pharmakotherapie: Aufriß zur Problemlage. Nervenheilkunde 1: 75–89
Böning J (1984) Nebenwirkungen und Antidepressiva unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Behandlung mit Tropfinfusionen. In: Kielholz P, Adams C (Hrsg) Tropfinfusionen in der Depressionsbehandlung. Thieme, Stuttgart New York, S 116–129
Borromei A, Caramelli R, Conti M et al. (1989) Depressioni involutive, inibite, non psicotiche e decadimenti psicoorgani ci: trattamento co viloxazina e piracetam. Minerva Med 80: 475–82
Borys DJ, Setzer SC, Ling LJ, Reisdorf JJ, Day LC, Krenzelok EP (1992) Acute fluoxetine overdose: a report of 234 cases. Am J Emerg Med 10: 115–120
Bouchard JM, Delaunay J, Delisle JP, Grasset N, Mermberg PF, Molczadzki M, Pagot R, Richou H, Robert G, Ropert R, Schuller E, Verdeaupailles J, Zarifian E, HÇ Pfner Petersen HE (1987) Citalopram versus maprotiline: a controlled, clinical multicentre trial in depressed patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 76: 583–592
Bouchard RH, Pourcher E, Vincent P (1989) Fluoxetine and extrapyramidal side effects. Am J Psychiatry 146: 1352–1353
Bougerol T, Uchida C, Gachoud JP, Köhler M, Mikkelsen H (1992) Efficacy and tolerability of moclobemide compared with fluvoxamine in depressive disorder (DSM III). A French/Swiss double-blind trial. Psychopharmacology 106: S102 — S108
Boyer WF, Feighner JP (1991) Side-effects of the selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors. In: Feighner JP, Boyer WF (eds) Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors. The clinical use of citalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and sertraline. Wiley, Chichester New York, pp 133–152 (Perspectives in psychiatry, vol 1 )
Boyer WE, Feighner JP (1991a) The efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in depression. In: Feighner JP, Boyer WF (eds) Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors. The clinical use of citalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and sertraline. Wiley, Chichester New York, pp 89–108 (Perspectives in psychiatry, vol 1 )
Boyer WF, Feighner JP (1991b) Other potential indications for selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors. In: Feighner JP, Boyer WF (eds) Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors. The clinical use of citalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and sertraline. Wiley, Chichester New York, pp 119–132 (Perspectives in psychiatry, vol 1 )
Boyer WF, Blumhardt CL (1992) The safety profile of paroxetine. J Clin Psychiatry [Suppll 53: 61–66
Boyer WF, Feighner JP (1992) An overview of paroxetine. J Clin Psychiatry [Suppll 53: 3–6
Boyer WF, Mcfadden GA, Feighner JP (1991) The efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders. In: Feighner JP, Boyer WF (eds) Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors. The clinical use of citalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and sertraline. Wiley, Chichester New York, pp 109–117 (Perspectives in psychiatry, vol 1 )
Boyer WF, Mcfadden GA, Feighner JP (1991) Clinical use of the selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors. In: Feighner JP, Boyer WF (eds) Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors. The clinical use of citalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and sertraline. Wiley, Chichester New York, pp 153–160 (Perspectives in psychiatry, vol 1 )
Bramanti P, Ricci RM, Roncari R, Bilone F, Inga F, Teti V, Cristofaro MA, Ceccarelli G, Perri R, Candela L (1988) An italian multicenter experience with fluvoxamine, a new antidepressant drug, versus imipramine. Curr Ther Res 43: 718–724
Bremner JD (1984) Fluoxetine in depressed patients: a comparison with imipramine. J Clin Psychiatry 45: 414–419
Bressa GM, Brugnoli R, Pancheri P (1989) A double-blind study of fluoxetine and imipramine in major depression. Int Clin Psychopharmacol [Suppll 4: 69–73
Brion S, Chevalier JF (1982) Tolerance a long terme de viloxazine. Encephale 8: 511–521
Brogden RN, Heel RC, Speight TM, Avery GS (1978) Mianserin: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in depressive illness. Drugs 16: 273–301
Brogden RN, Heel RC, Speight TS et al. (1981) Trazodone: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in depression and anxiety. Drugs 21: 401–429
Brown GL, Linnoila MI (1990) CSF serotonin metabolite (5-HIAA) studies in depression, impulsivity, and violence. J Clin Psychiatry [Suppl] 51: 31–43
Brown WA, Harrison W (1992) Are patients who are intolerant to one SSRI, intolerant to another? Psychopharmacol Bull 28: 253–256
Burckhardt D (1983) Kardiovaskuläre Wirkungen bei Verabreichung tri-und tetrazyklischer Antidepressiva in therapeutischer Dosierung. In: Müller-Oerlinghausen B (Hrsg) Klinische Relevanz der Kardiotoxizität von Psychopharmaka. pmi Frankfurt/Zürich, S 28–39
Burrai C, Bochetta A, Zompo M (1991) Mania and fluvoxamine (letter). Am J Psychiatry 148: 1263–1264
Buus Lassen J (1989) Nialamide-induced hyper-motility in mice treated with inhibitors of monoamine uptake, 5-HT antagonists and lithium. Psychopharmacology 98: 257–261
Byerley WF, Reimherr FW, Wood DR, Grosser BI (1988) Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin uptake inhibitor, for the treatment of outpatients with major depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol 8: 112–115
Byrne MM (1989) Meta-analysis of early phase II studies with paroxetine in hospitalized depressed patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 80: 138–139
Caccia S, Ballabio M, Fanelli R, Guis G, Lanini MG (1981) Determination of plasma and brain concentrations of trazodone and its metabolite, 1-m-chlorophenylpiperazine, by gasliquid chromatography. J Chromatogr 210: 311–318
Caldwell R, Ali CJ, Henry JA (1982) Acute trazodone poisoning: clinical signs and plasma concentrations. In: Trazodone Clinical Workshop, Oxford. Medicine Publishing Foundation, pp 24–25
Carlsson A (1982) Rationale und design of a selective inhibitor of 5-HT reuptake. Br J Clin Pract [Suppl] 19: 19–21
Carman M, Ahdieh H, Wyatt-Knowles E, Warga E, Panagides J (1991) A controlled study of mianserin in moderately to severely depressed outpatients. Psychopharmacol Bull 27: 135–139
Cartwright K (1980) Maprotiline therapy. Update 1980. Addendum: Postmarketing surveillance of maprotiline in Canada. In: AYD FJ (ed) Clinical depressions; diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, 216. Ayd Medical Communications, Baltimore
Cassidy S, Henry J (1987) Fatal toxicity of antidepressant drugs in overdose. Br Med J 295: 1021–1024
Chaplin S (1986) Bone marrow depression due to mianserin, phenylbutazone, oxyphenylbutazone and chloramphenicol, part 1. Adv Drug React Ac Pois Rev 2: 97–136
Charbonnier JF, Reboul P, Rougier M, Aubin B, Chassaing JL, Philippe P, Planche R, Hopfner Petersen HE (1987) Citalopram. Etude ouverte d’un inhibiteur trés sélectif du captage de la sérotonlne, administré en perfusion à des patients déprimés. L’Encéphale 13: 249–254
Choo V (1993) Paroxetine and extrapyramidal reactions. Lancet 341: 624
Chouinard G (1985) A double-blind controlled clinical trial of fiuoxetine and amitriptyline in the treatment of outpatients with major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 46: 32–37
Chouinard G (1992) Sertraline in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder: two double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. Int J Psychopharmacol [Suppl 2] 7: 37–41
Chouinard G, Goodman W, Greist J, Jenike M, Rasmussen S, White K, Hackett E, Gaffnek M, BICK PA (1990) Results of a double-blind placebo controlled trial of a new serotonin uptake inhibitor, sertraline, in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychopharmacol Bull 26: 279–284
Christenson GA, Mckenzie TB, Mitchell JE, Callies AL (1991) A placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study of fluoxetine in trichotillomania. Am J Psychiatry 148: 1566–1571
Ciraulo DA, Shader RI, Greenblatt DJ, Creelman W (eds) (1989) Drug interactions in psychiatry. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore
Claghorn JL (1977) A double-blind study of maprotiline and imipramine In depressed outpatients. Curr Ther Res 22: 446–451
Claghorn JL (1992) The safety and efficacy of paroxetine compared with placebo in a double-blind trial of depressed outpatients. J Clin Psychiatry [Suppl] 53: 33–35
Claghorn JL, Kiev A, Rickels K, Smith WT, Dunbar GC (1992) Paroxetine versus placebo: a double-blind comparison in depressed patients. J Clin Psychiatry 53: 434 438
Clayton AB, Harvey PG, Betts TA (1977) The effects of two antidepressants, imipramine and viloxazine upon driving performance. Psychopharmacology 55: 9–12
Coccaro EF, Siever LJ (1985) Second generation antidepressants a comparative review. J Clin Pharmacol 25: 241–260
Cohen BJ, Nahelsky M, Adler L (1990) More cases of SIADH with fluoxetine. Am J Psychiatry 147: 948–949
Cohn JB, Wilcox C (1985) A comparison of fluoxetine, imipramine, and placebo in patients with major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 46: 26–31
Cohn JB, Wilcox CS (1992) Paroxetine in major depression: a double-blind trial with imipramine and placebo. J Clin Psychiatry 53: 52–56
Cohn JB, Collins G, Ashbrook, Wernicke JF (1989) A comparison of fluoxetine, imipramine and placebo in patients with bipolar depressive disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 4: 313–322
Cohn CK, Shrivastava R, Maendels J, Cohn JB, Fabre LF, Claghorn JL, Dessain EC, Itil TM, Lautin A (1990a) Double-blind, multicenter comparison of sertraline and amitriptyline in elderly depressed patients. J Clin Psychiatry [Suppl] 51: 28–33
Cohn JB, Crowder JE, Wilcox CS, Ryan PJ (1990b) A placebo-and imipramine-controlled study of paroxetine. Psychopharmacol Bull 26: 185189
Coleman BS, Block BA (1982) Fluvoxamine maleate, a serotonergic antidepressant: a comparison with chlorimipramine. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 6: 475–478
Commitee ON Safety OF Medicines (1985) CSM Update: adverse reactions to antidepressants. Br Med J 291: 1638–1639
Como PG, Kurlan R (1991) An open-label trial of fluoxetine for obsessive-compulsive disorder in Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome. Neurology 41: 872–874
Conti L, Dell’osso L, Re F, Musetti L, Cassano GB (1988) Fluvoxamine maleate: double-blind clinical trial vs placebo in hospitalized depressed patients. Curr Ther Res 43: 468–480
Cooper GL (1988) The safety of fluoxetine — an update. Br J Psychiatry [Suppi] 153: 77–86
Cooper SM, Jackson D, Loudon JM et al. (1989) The psychomotor effects of paroxetine alone and in combination with haloperidol, amylobarbitone, oxazepam or alcohol. Acta Psychiatr Scand 80: 53–55
Coppen A, Gupta R, Montgomery S (1976) Mlanserin hydrochloride: a novel antidepressant. Br J Psychiatry 129: 342–345
Cording-Trömmel C, Zerssen D (1982) Mianserin and maprotiline as compared to amitriptyline in severe endogenous depression. A new methodological approach to the clinical evaluation of the efficacy of antidepressants. Pharmacopsychiatry 15: 197–204
Corne SJ, Hall JR (1989) A double-blind comparative study of fluoxetine and dothiepin in the treatment of depression in general practice. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 4: 245254
Corona GL, Frattini P, Cuccchi ML et al. (1987) Viloxazine in depressed women: clinical response and cardiovascular effects. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 25: 322–327
Eiraux J, Molard E, Bouvard M, Marks I, Sluys M, Nury AM, Dough R, Cialdella P (1990) A controlled study of fluvoxamine and exposure in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 5: 17–30
Coulter DM, Edwards IR (1990) Mianserin and agranulocytosis in New Zealand. Lancet 336: 785–787
Crome P, Newman B (1977) Poisoning with maprotiline and mianserin. Br Med J 2: 260–264
Curran HV, Lader M (1986) The psychopharmacological effects of repeated doses of fluvoxamine, mianserin and placebo in healthy human subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 29: 601–607
Danish University Antidepressant Group (1986) Citalopram: clinical effect profile in compari- son with clomipramine. A controlled multi- center study. Psychopharmacology 90: 131–138
Danish University Antidepressant Group (1990) Paroxetine: a selective serotinin reuptake inhibitor showing better tolerance, but weaker antidepressant effect than clomipramine in a controlled multicenter study. J Affect Disord 18: 289–299
Daoust M, Compagnon P, Legrand E, Mocaer E (1992) Tianeptine, a specific serotonin uptake enhancer, decreases ethanol intake in rats. Alcohol Alcoholism 27: 15–17
Davidson JRT, Miller RD, Turnbull CD, Sullivan JL (1982) Atypical depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 39: 527–534
Angelis L (1992) „Newer“ versus „older” antidepressant drugs in the treatment of chronic pain syndromes. Adv Ther 9: 91–97
Jonghe F, Ravelli DP, Tuynman-Qua H (1991a) A randomized, double-blind study of fluoxetine and rnaprotiline in the treatment of major depression. Pharmacopsychiatry 24: 62–67
Jonghe F, Swinkels J, Tuynman-Qua H (1991b) Randomized double-blind study of fluvoxamine and maprotiline in treatment of depression. Pharmacopsychiatry 24: 21–27
Leo D, Magni G (1986) Does viloxazine really improve sex drive? A double-blind controlled study. Br J Psychiatry 148: 597–599
Leo D, Ceola A, Magni G (1984) Viloxazine against placebo in a double-blind study in depressed elderly patients. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 36: 239–244
Vane CL (1992) Pharmacokinetics of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. J Clin Psychiatry [Suppl] 53: 13–19
Vries MH, Raghoebar M, Mathlener IS, Harten J (1992) Single and multiple oral dose fluvoxamine kinetics in young and elderly subjects. Ther Drug Monit 14: 493–498
Wilde JE, Mertens C, Wakelin JS (1983) Clinical trials of fluvoxamine vs chlorimipramine with single and three times daily dosing. Br J Clin Pharmacol 15: 4275–4315
Wilde J, Mertens C, Fredricson Overo, Hopfner Petersen HE (1985) Citalopram versus mianserin. A controlled, double-blind trial in depressed patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 72: 89–96
Wilde J, Spiers R, Mertens C, Bartholome F, Schoi1e G, Leyman S (1993) A double-blind, comparative, multicentre study comparing paroxetine with fluoxetine in depressed patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 87: 141–145
Zwaan M, Schönbeck G, Nutzinger D, Cayiroglu S, Macura R, Bugnar A, Berger P, Aschaue-Treiber G, Kiss A, Meryn S (1989) Fluvoxamine and behaviour therapy in the treatment of depressed obese. Pharmacopsychiatry 22: 223
Deahl M, Trimble M (1991) Serotonin reuptake inhibitors, epilepsy and myoclonus. Br J Psychiatry 159: 433–435
Debus JR, Rush AJ, Himmel C, Tyler D, Polatin P, Weissenburger J (1988) Fluoxetine versus trazodone in the treatment of outpatients with major depression. J Clin Psychiatry 49: 422426
Dechant KL, Clissold SP (1991) Paroxetine. A review of its pharmacodynamie and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in depressive illness. Drugs 41: 225–253
Delgado PL, Price LH, Charney DS, Heninger GR (1988) Efficacy of fluvoxamine in treatment- refractory depression. J Affect Disord 15: 55–60
Delini-Stula A, Borelli M, Vazzano P (1978) Some aspects of the psychopharmacological activity of maprotiline: effects of single and repeated treatments. J Int Med Res 6: 421
Delini-Stula A (1986) New pharmacological findings in depression. Psychopathologia 19 [Suppl 1]: 181–192
Demling J (1992) Suizid und Serotonin. Grundlagenforschung und diagnostische Möglichkeiten, Fundamenta Psychiatrica 6: 95–99
Demling J, Flugel D (1992) Neuere Antidepressiva: Pharmakodynamik, unerwünschte Wirkungen, Wechselwirkungen und Intoxikationen. Nervenheilkunde 11: 126–137
Boer JA, Westenberg HGM, Kamerbeek WDJ, Verhoeven WM, Kahn RS (1987) Effect of serotonin uptake inhibitors in anxiety disorders; a double-blind comparison of clomipramine and fluvoxamine. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2: 21–32
Boer JA, Westenberg HGM (1988) Effect of serotonin and noradrenaline uptake inhibitor in panic disorder. A double-blind comparative study with fluvoxamine and maprotiline. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 3: 59–74
Boer JA, Westenberg HG (1990) Serotonin function in panic disorder: a double blind placebo controlled study with fluvoxamine and ritanserin. Psychopharmacology 102: 85–94
Denaro A, Martucci N, Ruggieri S, Manna V, Agnoli A (1985) Headache and noradrenergic involvement: the effect of a2-stimulants and a2-antagonists. Acta Psychiatr Scand 72 [Suppl 320]: 20–25
Dencker SJ, Hopfner Petersen HE (1989) Sideeffect profile of citalopram and reference antidepressants in depression. In: MONTGOMERY SA (ed) Citalopram–the new antidepressant from Lundbeck research. Proceedings of a symposium, August 11, 1988. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam Hong Kong Manila, pp 31–42
Deniker P (1975) Etude clinique et electro-encephalographique d’un nouvel agent antidepresseur, le chlorhydrate de mono-methylamino-propyl-dibenzo-bicyclo-octadiene. L’Encephale 1: 261–271
Dessain EC, Schatzberg AF, Woods BT, Cole JQ (1986) Maprotiline treatment in depression: a perspective on seizures. Arch Gen Psychiatry 43: 86–90
Deutsch M, Ban TA, Lehmann HE (1977) A standard-controlled clinical study with trazodone in schizophrenic patients. Psychopharmacol Bull 13: 13–14
Dick P, Ferrero E (1983) A double-blind comparative study of th clinical efficacy of fluvoxamine and chlorimipramine. Br J Clin Pharmacol 15: 419S 425S
Diluer N (1982) Worldwide clinical experience with Ludiomil. Active Nery Sup (CS) 24: 40–47
Dominguez RA, Goldstein BJ, Jacobson AF, Steinbook RM (1985) A double-blind placebo-controlled study of fluvoxamine and imipramine in depression. J Clin Psychiatry 46: 1–4
Doogan DP (1991) Toleration and safety of sertraline: experience worldwide. Int Clin Psychopharmacol [Suppl] 6: 47–56
Doogan DP, Caillard V (1992) Sertraline in the prevention of depression. Br J Psychiatry 160: 217–222
Dorman T (1992) Sleep and paroxetine: a comparison with mianserin in elderly depressed patients. Int J Psychopharmacol [Suppl] 6: 53–58
Dorn JM (1986) A case of phenytoin toxicity possibly precipitated by trazodone. J Clin Psychiatry 47: 89–90
Dorth RM (1983) Review of clinical studies with mianserin. Acta Psychiatr Scand [Suppl 302]: 72–80
Dunbar GC, Cohn JB, Fabre LF, Feighner JP, Fieve RR, Mendels J, Shrivastava RK (1991) A Comparison of paroxetine, imipramine and placebo in depressed out-patients. Br J Psychiatry 159: 394–398
Dunlop SR, Dornseif BE, Wernicke JF, Potvin JH (1990) Pattern analysis shows beneficial effect of fluoxetine treatment in mild depression. Psychopharmacol Bull 26: 173–180
Dunner DL, Dunbar GC (1992) Optimal dose regimen for paroxetine. J Clin Psychiatry [Suppl] 53: 21–26
Dunner DL, Cohn JB, Walshe T, Cohn CK, Feighner JP, Fieve RR, Halikas JP, Hartford JT, Hearst ED, Settle EC, Menolascino FJ, Muller DJ (1992) Two combined, multicenter double-blind studies of paroxetine and doxepin in geriatric patients with major depression. J Clin Psychiatry [Suppl] 53: 57–60
Ebert D (1988) Konzeptionen der atypischen Depression in der angelsächsischen Literatur. Historische Entwicklung und gegenwärtige Positionen. Nervenheilkunde 7: 142–148
Eckardt MJ, Stapleton JM, Rio D, George DT, Rawlings RR, Weingartner H, linnoila M (1986) Interactions of fluvoxamine and ethanol in healthy volunteers. Clin Neuropharmacol [Suppl] 9: 55–57
Edwards F, Boefers U, Guthy H, Harrach A, Krippendorf B, Siedow H (1980) Clinical trials with Thombran. Results of double-blind studies. In: Gershon S, Rickels K, Silvestrini B (eds) Trazodone. A new broad-spectrum antidepressant. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, p 69
Edwards JG (1979) Antidepressants and convulsions. Lancet ii: 1368–1374
Edwards JG, Glenn-BoTT M (1983) Mianserin and convulsive seizures. Br J Clin Pharmacol 15: 299S - 311S
Edwards JG, Goldie A (1983) A placebo-controlled trial of mianserin and maprotiline in primary depressive illness: a preliminary report. Br J Clin Pharmacol 15: 239S - 248S
Edwards JG, Glen-Butt M (1984) Does viloxazine have epileptogenic properties? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 47: 960–964
Edwards RP, Miller RD, Roizen MF et al. (1979) Cardiac responses to imipramine and pancuronium during anaesthesia with halothane or enflurane. Anesthesiology 50: 421–425
Eklund R, Dunbar GC, Pinder RM, Steffensen R (1985) Mianserin and imipramine in the treatment of elderly patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 72 [Suppl 320]: 54–59
Elliott HL, Reid JL (1981) Interaction between antidepressants and cardiovascular agents in hypertensive patients. Form Psichiatr 2: 141–154
Elwan O (1980) A comparative study of viloxazine and imipramine in the treatment of depressive states. J Int Med Res 8: 7–17
Elwan O, Adam HK (1980) Relationship between blood and cerebrospinal levels of the antidepressant agent viloxazine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 17: 179–182
Emrich HM, Berger M, Riemann D, Zerssen D (1987) Serotonin reuptake inhibition vs nor-epinephrine reuptake inhibition: a double-blind differential-therapeutic study with fluvoxamine and oxaprotiline in endogenous and neurotic depressives. Pharmacopsychiatry 20: 60–63
Escobar JJ, Gomez J, Constain C, Rey J, Santacruz H (1980) Controlled clinical trial with trazodone, a novel antidepressant. A South American experience. J Clin Pharmacol 20: 24–130
Evans ME, Lye M (1992) Depression in the elderly physically ill: an open study of treatment with the 5-HT reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine. J Clin Exp Gerontol 14: 297–307
Fabre LF (1991a) A double-blind multicenter study comparing the safety and efficacy of sertraline with placebo in major depression. Biol Psychiatry 29: 333S
Fabre LF (1991b) Sertraline and the elderly. Biol Psychiatry 2: 866–867
Fabre LF (1992) A 6-week, double-blind trial of paroxetine, imipramine, and placebo in depressed outpatients. J Clin Psychiatry 53: 40–43
Fabre LF, Crismon L (1985) Efficacy of fluoxetine in outpatients with major depression. Curr Ther Res 37: 115–123
Fabre LF, Putman HP (1987) A fixed-dose clinical trial of fluoxetine in outpatients with major depression. J Clin Psychiatry 48: 406–408
Fabre LF, Mclendon DM, Gainey A (1979) Trazodone efficacy in depression. A double-blind comparison with imipramine and placebo in day-hospital type patients. Curr Ther Res 25: 827–834
Fabre LF, Scharf MB, Itil TM (1991) Comparative efficacy and safety of nortriptyline and fluoxetine in the treatment of major depression: a clinical study. J Clin Psychiatry 52: 62–67
Fadda F, Garau B, Marchei F, Colombo G, Gessa GL (1991) MDL 72222, a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, suppresses voluntary ethanol consumption in alcohol-preferring rats. Alcohol Alcoholism 26: 107–110
Falcy M, Riboulet-Delmas G, Efthymiou ML et al. (1983) Acute viloxazine poisoning without any association. Encephale 9: 137–144
Falk WE, Rosenbaum JF, Ono MW, Zusky PM, Weilburg JB, Nixon RA (1989) Fluoxetine versus trazodone in depressed geriatric patients. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2: 208–214
Fava M, Herzog DB, Hamburg P, Riess H, Anfang S, Rosenbaum JF (1990) Long term use of fluoxetine in bulimia nervosa: a retrospective study. Ann Clin Psychiatry 2: 53–56
Fawcett J, Zajecka JM, Kravitz HM, Edwards J, Jeffriess H, Scorza E (1989) Fluoxetine versus amitriptyline in adult outpatients with major depression. Curr Ther Res 45: 821–832
Feder R (1991) Reversal of antidepressant activity of fluoxetine by cyproheptadine in three patients. J Clin Psychiatry 52: 163–164
Feighner JP (1980) Trazodone a triazolopyridine derivative, in primary depressive disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 41: 250–255
Feighner JP (1983) Trazodone in major affective disorders. Psychopathology 17 [Suppl 21: 15–23
Feighner JP (1985) A comparative trial of fluoxetine and amitriptyline in patients with major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 46: 369372
Feighner JP (1992) A double-blind comparison of paroxetine, imipramine and placebo in depressed outpatients. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 6: 31–35
Feighner JP, Cohn JB (1985) Double-blind comparative trials of fluoxetine and doxepin in geriatric patients with major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 46: 20–25
Feighner JP, Boyer WF (1992) Paroxetine in the treatment of depression: a comparison with imipramine and placebo. J Clin Psychiatry 53: 44–47
Feighner JP, Jacobs RS, Jackson RE, Gordon H, Merideth CH, O’meara PD (1983) A doubleblind comparative trial with mianserin and amitriptyline in outpatients with major depressive disorders. Br J Clin Pharmacol 15: 227S - 237S
Feighner JP, Boyer WF, Meredith CH, Hendrickson GG (1988) An overview of fluoxetine in geriatric depression. Br J Psychiatry [Suppll 153: 105–108
Feighner JP, Boyer WF, Meredith CH, Hendrickson GG (1989a) A placebo-controlled inpatient comparison of fluvoxamine maleate and imipramine in major depression. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 4: 239–244
Feighner JP, Boyer WF, Meredith CH, Hendrickson GG (1989b) A double-blind comparison of fluoxetine, imipramine and placebo in outpatients with major depression. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 4: 127–134
Feighner JP, Boyer WF, Tyler DL et al. (1990) Adverse consequences of fluoxetine-MAOI combination therapy. J Clin Psychiatry 51: 222–225
Feighner JP, Gardner EA, Johnston JA, Batey SR, Khayrallah MA, Ascher JA, Lineberry CG (1991) Double-blind comparison of bupropion and fluoxetine in depressed outpatients. J Clin Psychiatry 52: 329–335
Fergusonjm, Feighner JP (1987) Fluoxetine-induced weight loss in overweight non-depressed humans. Int J Obesity [Suppll 11: 163–170
Fernstrom MH, Massoudi M, Kupfer D (1988) Fluvoxamine and weight loss. Biol Psychiatry 24: 948–949
Ferrari G, Berardi D, Berlinzani L et al. (1987) A double blind comparative trial with viloxazine and amitriptyline in inpatients with major non-psychotic depressive disorders. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 42: 1088–1095
Ferreira L, Soares-Da Silva P (1991) 5-Hydroxytryptamine and alcoholism. Hum Psychopharmacol 6: S21–24
Ferreri M (1989) Fluoxetine versus amineptine in the treatment of outpatients with major depressive disorders. Int Clin Psychopharmacol [Suppll 4: 97–101
Fichter MM, Leibl K, Rief W, Brunner E, Schmidtuberger S, Engel RR (1991) Fluoxetine versus placebo: a double-blind study with bulimic inpatients undergoing intensive psychotherapy. Pharmacopsychiatry 24: 1–7
Fieve RR, Goodnick PJ, Peselow ED, Barouche F, Schlegel A (1986) Pattern analysis of antidepressant response to fluoxetine. J Clin Psychiatry 47: 560–562
Fisch C, Knoebel SB (1992) Electrocardiographic findings in sertraline depression trials. Drug Invest 4: 305–312
Floru L, Tegeler J (1979) Eine vergleichende Untersuchung der beiden Antidepressiva Viloxazin and Imipramin. Pharmakopsychiatrie 12: 313–320
Fontaine R, Chouinard G (1986) An open clinical trial of fluoxetine in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 6: 98–101
Forrest WA (1975) A comparison between daily and nightly dose regimen of amitriptyline and maprotiline in the treatment of reactive depression in general practice. J Int Med Res 3 [Suppl 21: 120–129
Freeman CPL, Hampson M (1987) Fluoxetine as a treatment for bulimia nervosa. Int J Obesity [Suppll 11: 171–177
Frenkel A, Rosenthal J, Nezu A, Winston A (1990) Efficacy of long-term fluoxetine treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Mt Sinai J Med 57: 348–352
Fuchs G, Boning J (1985) Appetenzwandel and Gewichtsänderung. Nebenwirkung antidepressiver Pharmakotherapie. Minch Med Wochenschr 127: 27–29
Gagiano CA, Judge R (1992) Paroxetine vs fluoxetine. Clin Neuropharmacol [Suppl 11 (pt B) 15: P-19, 190, 191
Gagiano CA, Muller PGM, Fouiue J, Roux JF (1989) The therapeutic efficacy of paroxetine: (a) an open study in patients with major depression not responding to antidepressants; (b) a double-blind comparison with amitriptyline in depressed outpatients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 80: 130–131
George MS, Lydiard RB (1991) Speed on onset of action of the newer antidepressant — fluoxetine and bupropion. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 6: 209–217
Gerner R, Estabrook W, Steuer J, Jarvik L (1980) Treatment of geriatric depression with trazodone, imipramine and placebo: a double-blind study. J Clin Psychiatry 4: 216–220
Gerra G, Caccavari R, Delsignore R, Bocchi R, Fertonani G, Passeri M (1992) Effects of fluoxetine and Ca-acetyl-homotaurinate on alcohol intake in familial and nonfamilial alcoholic patients. Curr Ther Res 52: 291–295
Gershon MD (1990) The enteric nervous system: neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. Curr Opin Neurol Neurosurg 3: 517–522
Gershon S, Newton R (1980) A multicentered controlled evaluation of trazodone in endogenous depression. In: Gershon S, Rickels K, Silvestrini B (eds) Trazodone: a new broad-spectrum antidepressant. Proceedings of the 11th Congress of the Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologium, July 9–14, 1978. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, pp 42–53
Ginestet D (1989) Fluoxetine in endogenous depression and melancholia versus clomipramine. Int J Psychopharmacol [Suppl] 4: 37–40
Giustiniani F (1984) Das Antidepressivum Viloxazin in der Behandlung schizophrener Patienten. medwelt 35: 1443–1445
Glassman AH (1984) The newer antidepressant drugs and their cardiovascular effects. Psychopharmacol Bull 20: 272–279
Goff DC, Brotman AW, Waites M, Mccormick S (1990) Trial of fluoxetine added to neuroleptics for treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry 147: 492–494
Goldberg HL, Finnerty RJ (1980) Trazodone in the treatment of neurotic depression. J Clin Psychiatry 41: 430–438
Goldman MJ, Grinspoon L, Hunter Jones S (1990) Ritualistic use of fluoxetine by a former substance abuser. Am J Psychiatry 147: 1377
Goldstein DJ, Williams ML (1992) Fluoxetine- exposed pregnancies. Clin Res 40: 168A
Gonella G, Baignoli GL, Ecari U (1990) Fluvoxamine and imipramine in the treatment of depressive patients: a double-blind controlled study. Curr Med Res Opin 12: 177–184
Goodman WK (1992) Pharmacotherapy of obsessive-compulsive disorder. In: HAND I, Goon-Man WK, Evers U (Hrsg) Zwangsstörungen - neue Forschungsergebnisse. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, S 141–151 (duphar med communication, Bd 5 )
Goodman WK, Price LH, Rasmussen SA, Delgado PL, Heninger GR, Charney DS (1989) Efficacy of fluvoxamine in obsessive-compulsive disorder. A double-blind comparison with placebo. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46: 36–44
Goodman WK, Price LH, Delgado PL, Palumbo J, Krystal JH, Nagy LM, Rasmussen SA, Heninger GR, charney DS (1990) Specificity of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Comparison of fluvoxamine and desipramine. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47: 577–585
Goodman WK, Mcdougle CJ, Price LH (1992) Pharmacotherapy of obsessive compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 53: 29–37
Goodnick PJ (1989) Influence of fluoxetine on plasma levels of desipramine. Am J Psychiatry 146: 552
Goodwin FK, Prange AJ, Post RM et al. (1982) Potentiation of antidepressant effects by L-triiodothyronine in tricyclic nonresponders. Am J Psychiatry 139: 34–38
Gorelick DA, Paredes A (1992) Effect of fluoxetine on alcohol consumption in male alcoholics. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 16: 261–265
Gorman JM, Liebowitz MR, Fyer AJ, Goetz D, Campeas RB, Fyer MR, Davies SO, Klein DF (1987) An open trial of fluoxetine in the treatment of panic attacks. J Clin Psychopharmacol 7: 329–332
Gottfries CG, Karlsson I, Nyth AL (1992) Treatment of depression in elderly patients with and without dementia disorders. Int Clin Psychopharmacol [Suppl] 6: 53–62
Granier F, Girard M, Schmitt L, Boscredon J, Oules J, Escande M (1985) Depression and anxiety: mianserin and nomifensine compared in a double-blind multicentre trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand 72 [Suppl 3201: 67–74
Gravem A, Amthor KF, Astrup C, Elgen K, Gjessing LR, Gunby B, Ersen RD, Kyrdalen L, Vaadal J, Ofsti E, Aarvold A (1987) A double-blind comparison of citalopram (Lu 10–171) and amitriptyline in depressed patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 75: 478–486
Greb WH et al. (1989) Ability of charcoal to prevent absorption of paroxetine. Acta Psychiatr Scand [Suppl 350] 80: 156–157
Greb WH, Buscher G, Dierdorf HD et al. (1989) The effect of liver enzyme inhibition by cimetidine and enzyme induction by phenobarbitone on the pharmacokinetics of paroxetine. Acta Psychiatr Scand 80 [Suppl 350]: 95–98
Grimsley SR, Jann MW (1992) Paroxetine, sertraline, and fluvoxamine: new selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Clin Pharm 11: 930–957
Grimsley SR, Jann MW, Carter G et al. (1991) Increased carbamazepine plasma concentrations after fluoxetine coadministration. Clin Pharmacol Ther 50: 10–15
Gruter W, Pöldinger W (1982) Maprotiline. Mod Probl Pharmacopsychiatry 18: 1–30
Guelfi JD, Dreyfus JF (1983) Une étude comparative controlée en simple insu de la viloxazine et de la clomipramine par voie injectable. Acutalités Psychiatriques 13: 148–169
Guelfi JD, Dreyfus JF, Pichot P (1983) A double-blind controlled clinical trial comparing fluvoxamine with imipramine. Br J Clin Pharmacol 15: 411S - 417S
Guelfi JD, Dreyfus JF, Pichot P (1987) Fluvoxamine and imipramine: results of a longterm controlled trial. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2: 103–109
Guilleminault C, Mancuso J, Quera-Salva MA et al. (1986) Viloxazine hydrochloride in narco- lepsy: a preliminary report. Sleep 9: 275–279
Guillibert E, Pelicier Y, Archambault JC, Chabannes JP, Clerc G, Desvilles M, Guibert M, Pagot R, Poisat JL, Thobie Y (1989) A double-blind, multicentre study of paroxetine versus clomipramine in depressed elderly patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand [Suppl 350] 80: 132–134
Gundert-Remy U, Amann E, Hildebrandt R et al. (1983) Lack of interaction between the tetracyclic antidepressant maprotiline and the centrally acting antihypertensive drug clonidine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 25: 595–599
Guscorr R, Grof P (1991) The clinical meaning of refractory depression: a review for the clinician. Am J Psychiatry 148: 695–704
Guy W, Ban TA, et al. (1982) A collaborative study of a new antidepressant, viloxazine, in neurotic and endogenous depressives. Int Pharmacopsychiatry 17: 36–42
Guy W, Mcevoy JM, Ban TA, Wilson WH, Pate R (1983) A double-blind clinical trial of mianserin versus amitriptyline: differentiation by adverse symptomatology. Pharmacotherapy 3: 45–51
Guy W, Wilson WH, Ban TA, King DL, Manov G, Fjetland OK (1984) A double-blind clinical trial of fluvoxamine and imipramine in patients with primary depression. Drug Dev Res 4: 143–153
Gwirtsman HE et al. (1983) Therapeutic superiority of maprotiline versus doxepin in geriatric depression. J Clin Psychiatry 44: 449–453
Gwirtsman HE, Guze BH, Yager J, Gainsley B (1990) Fluoxetine treatment of anorexia nervosa: an open clinical trial. J Clin Psychiatry 51: 378–382
Hadley A, Cason MP (1989) Mania resulting from lithium-fluoxetine combination (letter). Am J Psychiatry 146: 1637–1638
Haehn KD (1985) Behandlung depressiver Zustände mit Viloxazin durch den Hausarzt. Fortschr Med 103: 408–412
Hall H, Oegren SO (1981) Effects of antidepressant drugs on different receptors in the brain. Eur J Pharmacol 70: 393–406
Halman M, Goldbloom DS (1990) Fluoxetine and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Biol Psychiatry 28: 518–521
Hardy JL, Sirois A (1986) Reduction of prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times with trazodone. Can Med Assoc J 135: 13–72
Harmant J, Rijckevorsel-Harmant K, Barsy T, Hendrickx B (1990) Fluvoxamine, an antidepressant with low (or no) epileptogenic effect. Lancet 336: 386
Harris B, Szulecka TK, Anstee JA (1991) Fluvoxamine versus amitriptyline in depressed hospital out-patients: a multicentre double- blind comparative trial. Br J Clin Res 2: 89–99
Harrison D (1992) Safety of 5-HT reuptake inhibitors. Br J Psychiatry 160: 866
Hartter S, Wetzel H, Hiemke C (1992) Automated determination of fluvoxamine in plasma by column-switching high-performance liquid chromatography. Clin Chem 38: 2082–2086
Harto NE, Spera KF, Branconnier RJ (1988) Fluoxetine-induced reduction of body mass in patients with major depressive disorder. Psychopharmacol Bull 24: 220–223
Hawthorne ME, Lacey JH (1992) Severe disturbance occurring during treatment for depression of a bulimic patient with fluoxetine. J Affect Disord 26: 205–208
Hebenstreit GF, Fellerer K, Zöchling R, Zentz A, Dunbar GC (1989) A pharmacokinetic dose titration study in adult and elderly depressed patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand [Suppl 350] 80: 81–84
Hegerl U, Juckel G, Mackert A, Rao ML, Stieglitz RD, volz HP, Müllererlinghausen B (1991) Auditory evoked potentials and clinical response to antidepressive treatment with fluvoxamine. Biol Psychiatry [Suppl] 29: S 602
Held F (1985) Die Depressionen des Kindes-und Jugendalters. Symptomatik, Fehldiagnosen, Therapie. Kinderarzt 16: 1562–1568
Henry JA (1991) Overdose and safety with fluvoxamine. Int Clin Psychopharmacol [Suppl] 6: 41–47
Henry JA, Ali CJ (1983) Trazodone overdosage: experience from a poisons information service. Hum Toxicol 2: 353–356
Henry J, Volans G (1984) ABC of poisoning: psychoactive drugs. Tricyclic antidepressants. Br Med J 289: 1291–1301
Herberg KW, Nickelsen T (1992) Einflüsse von Fluoxetin mit und ohne gleichzeitige Gabe von Alkohol auf sicherheitsbedeutsame Leistungen. Studie zur Frage der Verkehrssicherheit bei antidepressiver Therapie. Kassenarzt 4: 38–44
Herman JB, Brotman AW, Pollack MH, Falk WE, Biederman J, Rosenbaum JF (1990) Fluoxetineinduced sexual dysfunction. J Clin Psychiatry 51: 25–27
Heuser B, Middendorf E (1982) Ludiomil bei Altersdepressionen: Einmaldosis versus dreimaliger Gabe pro Tag. Psycho 8: 254–256
Hindmarch I (1988) A pharmacological profile of fluoxetine and other antidepressants on aspects of skilled performance and car handling ability. Br J Psychiatry 153 [Suppl 31: 99–104
Hindmarch I, Harrison C (1988) The effects of paroxetine and other antidepressants in combination with alcohol in psychomotor activity related to car driving. Hum Psychopharmacol 3: 13–20
Hobi V (1985) Der depressive Patient als Fahrzeuglenker. Munch Med Wochenschr 127: 239–241
Hoehn-Saric R, Lipsey JR, Mcleod DR (1990) Apathy and indifference in patients on fluvoxamine and fluoxetine. J Clin Psychopharmacol 10: 343–345
Hoencamp E, Haffmans J (1991) Brofaromine vs. maprotiline plus lithium in treatment-resistant depressed outpatients. Psychiatry Res 36: 333–335
Höfner RJ (1978) The effects of a new antidepressant, Org GB 94 (mianserin HCL), on performance related to driving. Clin Ther 1: 280–284
Hohagen F, Berger M (1991) Serotonin und Schlaf. In: Heinrich K, Hippius H, PÖldinger W (Hrsg) Serotonin — ein funktioneller Ansatz für die psychiatrische Diagnose und Therapie? Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, S142–154 (duphar med communication, Bd 2 )
Holm E, Jacob S, Kortsik C, Leweling H, Fischer B (1987) Failure of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibition to worsen the mental state of patients with subclinical hepatic encephalopathy. J Hepatol [Suppl 1] 4: S 23
Holsboer F, Bardeleben U, Gerken A, Benkert O (1992) Antidepressant efficacy of fluoxetine in a diagnostically homogeneous inpatient population. Br J Clin Pract 46: 8–15
Hope RA, Allman P (1991) Hyperphagia in dementia: fluvoxamine takes the biscuit. J Neuron Neurosurg Psychiatry 54: 88
Hopman H (1980) Mianserin in outpatients with depressive illness in dosage up to 130 mg daily. Curr Med Res Opin 6: 107–112
Humble M, Wistedt B (1992) Serotonin, panic disorder and agoraphobia: short-term and long-term efficacy of citalopram in panic disorders. Int Clin Psychopharmacol [Suppl] 6: 21–38
Hutchinson DR, Tong S, Moon CAL, Vince M, Clarke A (1991) Paroxetine in the treatment of elderly depressed patients in general practice: a double-blind comparison with amitriptyline. Br J Clin Res 2: 43–57
Inman WH (1988) Blood disorders and suicide in patients taking mianserin or amitriptyline. Lancet ii: 90–92
Isenberg KE (1990) Excretion of fluoxetine in human breast milk. J Clin Psychiatry 51: 169
Itil TM, Shrivastava RK, Mukherjee S, Coleman BS, Michael ST (1983) A double-blind placebo-controlled study of fluvoxamine and imipramine in out-patients with primary depression. Br J Clin Pharmacol 15: S433–438
Jabbari B, Bryan GE, Marsh EE, Gunderson CH (1985) Incidence seizures with tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants. Arch Neurol 42: 480–481
Janowsky O, Curtis G, Lisook S, Kuhn K, Resovsky K, Winter M (1983) Trazodone aggravated ventricular arrhythmias. J Clin Psychopharmacol 3: 372–376
Jellinger K (1983) Psychopharmakotherapie beim alten Menschen. In: Langer G, Heimann H (Hrsg) Psychopharmaka. Grundlagen und Therapie. Springer, Wien New York, S 591–613
Jenike MA, Buttolph L, Baer L, Ricciardi J, Holland A (1989) Open trial of fluoxetine in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 146: 909–911
Jenike MA, Hyman S, Baer L, Holland A, Minichiello WE, Buttolph L, Summergrad P, Seymour R, Ricciardi J (1990) A controlled trial of fluvoxamine in obsessive-compulsive disorder: implications for a serotonergic theory. Am J Psychiatry 147: 1209–1215
Jenike MA, Baer L, Buttolph L (1991) Buspirone augmentation of fluoxetine in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 52: 13–14
Johnson AM (1991) The comparative pharmacological properties of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors in animals. In: Feighner JP, Boyer WF (eds) Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors. The clinical use of citalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and sertraline. Wiley, Chichester New York Brisbane Toronto Singapore, pp 37–70
Jukes AM (1975) A comparison of maprotiline and placebo in the treatment of depression. J Int Med Res 3 [Suppl 2]: 84–87
Jukes AM, Meryll H, Jameson B (1975) Maprotiline: side-effects and overdosage. J Int Med Res 3 [Suppl 2]: 126–128
Jungkunz G (1983) Das Antidepressivum Viloxazin in Klinik und Praxis. In: PÖLDINGER W (Hrsg) Aktuelle Aspekte der Depressionsbehandlung. Huber, Bern, S 113–125
Kallioniemi H, Syvälahti E (1992) Citalopram, a specific inhibitor of serotonin reuptake in treatment of psychotic and borderline patients. Nord J Psychiatry 46: 181–187
Kanof P, Greengard P (1978) Brain histamine receptors as targets for antidepressant drugs. Nature 272: 329–341
Kaschka WP (1987) Fragen im Zusammenhang mit Anästhesie und Operation bei psychiatrischen Patienten. Nervenheilkunde 6: 249–254
Kasper S, Voll G, Vieira A, Kick H (1990) Response to total sleep deprivation before and during treatment with fluvoxamine or maprotiline in patients with major depression. Results of a double-blind study. Pharmacopsychiatry 23: 135–142
Kasper S, Fuger J, Möller HJ (1992) Comparative efficacy of antidepressants. Drugs [Suppl 2143: 11–23
Kasper S, Dötsch M, Kick H, Vieira A, Möller HJ (1993) Plasma concentrations of fluvoxamine and maprotiline in major depression-implications on therapeutic efficacy and side effects. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 3: 13–21
Kaye CM, Haddock RE, Langley PF et al. (1989) A review of the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of paroxetine in man. Acta Psychiatr Scand 80 [Suppl 3501: 60–75
Kaye WH, Weltzin TE, Hsu LKG, Bulik CM (1991) An open trial of fluoxetine in patients with anorexia nervosa. J Clin Psychiatry 52: 464–474
Keegan D, Bowen RC, Blackshaw S, Saleh S, Dayal N, Remillard F, Shrikhande S, Ceiirian Perez S, Boulton A (1991) A comparison of fluoxetine and amitriptyline in the treatment of major depression. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 6: 117–124
Keet J, Wonnacott S, Hodgson A (1989) A study of fluvoxamine versus mianserin in elderly depressed patients. J Psychopharmacol 3: 94 P
Kellams JJ, Klapper MH, Small JG (1979) Trazodone. A new antidepressant: efficacy and safety in endogenous depression. J Clin Psychiatry 40: 390–395
Keppel Hesselink JM, DE Jongh PMC (1992) Sertraline in the prevention of depression. Br J Psychiatry 161: 270–271
Kerkhofs M, Rielaert C, Maertelaer V, Linkowski P, Czarka M, Mendlewicz J (1990) Fluoxetine in major depression: efficacy, safety and effects on sleep polygraphic variables. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 5: 253–260
Kerr JS, Sherwood N, Hindmarch I (1991) The comparative psychopharmacology of 5HT reuptake inhibitors. Hum Psychopharmacol 6: 313–317
Kerr JS, Fairweather DB, Mahendran R, Hindmarch I (1992) The effects of paroxetine, alone and in combination with alcohol on psychomotor performance and cognitive function in the elderly. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 7: 101–108
Kessel A, Holt HF (1975) A controlled study of a tetracyclic antidepressant-maprotiline. Med J Aust 1: 773–776
Kern. P, Paulo JR (1983) Maprotiline-induced myoclonus. J Clin Psychopharmacol 3: 264–265
Khan AU (1978) Maprotiline vs. imipramine in depression in the elderly. Br J Clin Pract 32 [Suppl 2]: 42–45
Khan MC, Bennie EH, Stulemeyer SM, Ravens MA (1983) Mianserin and doxepin in the treatment of outpatient depression with anxiety. Br J Pharmacol 15: 213–218
Kielholz P (1972) Depressive Zustände. Erkennung, Bewertung, Behandlung. Huber, Bern Stuttgart Wien
Kielholz P (1973) Die larvierte Depression. Huber, Bern Stuttgart Wien
Kielholz P, Adams C (Hrsg) (1984) Tropfinfusionen in der Depressionsbehandlung. Thieme, Stuttgart New York
Kiev A (1992) A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of paroxetine in depressed outpatients. J Clin Psychiatry 53 [Suppl 2]: 27–29
Kinney-Parker JL, Smith D, Ingle SF (1989) Fluoxetine and weight: something lost and something gained? Clin Pharm 8: 727–733
Kissling W (1990) Therapieresistente Depressionen: Stufenplan zur Behandlung. Psycho 16: 278–286
Kissiing W, Möller HJ, Lauter H, Binz U, Wendt G (1985) Double-blind comparison of intravenous versus oral maprotiline. Pharmacopsychiatry 18: 96–97
Klok CJ, Brouwer GJ, Praag HM, Doogan D (1981) Fluvoxamine and clomipramine in depressed patients. A double-blind clinical study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 64: 1–11
Knobel M (1974) The use of trazodone in psychosomatic medicine. Psychother Psychosom 24: 141–145
Knölker U (1992) Zwangssymptome im Kindes-und Jugendalter. In: Hand I, Goodman WK, Evers U (Hrsg) Zwangsstörungen — neue Forschungsergebnisse. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, S 24–43 (duphar med communication Bd 5 )
Knox J (1980) Maprotiline compared with imipramine in the treatment of depression in the elderly. Br J Clin Pract 4 [Suppl 7]: 54–63
Kopera H (1983) Lack of anticholinergic and cardiovascular effects of mianserin; studies in healthy subjects and heart patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 302 [Suppl]: 81–89
Kopera H, Schenk H, Stule.Meijer S (1978) Phenprocoumon requirement, whole blood coagulation time, and plasma gamma-GT in patients receiving mianserin. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 13: 351–356
Koponen H, Honkonen S, Partanen J, Riekkinen PJ (1990) Epileptic attack, delirium, and a Creutzfeld-Jakob-like syndrome during mianserin treatment. Neuropsychobiology 23: 164–168
Kornhuber HH, Lisbon G, Rissotto R (1985) Behandlung der schizophrenen Minussymptomatik mit Viloxazin. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 110: 698
Kowalski A, Stanley RO, Dennerstein L, Burrows G, Maguire KP (1985) The sexual side-effects of antidepressant medication: a double-blind comparison of two antidepressants in a non-psychiatric population. Br J Psychiatry 147: 413–418
Kuglerj, Lorenzi E, Spatz R, Zimmermann H (1979) Drug-induced paroxysmal EEG-activities. Pharmacopsychiatry 12: 165–172
Kuha S, Mehtonen OP, Henttonen A, Naarala M (1991) The efficacy of fluoxetine versus maprotiline in depressed patients and by dose. Nord Psykiatr Tidsskr 45: 109–117
Kuhn R (1972) Klinische Erfahrungen mit einem neuen Antidepressivum. In: Kielholz P (Hrsg) Depressive Zustände. Huber, Bern Stuttgart Wien, S 195–209
Kuhn R (1973) Die Therapie der larvierten Depression. In: KIELHOLZ P (Hrsg) Die larvierte Depression. Huber, Bern Stuttgart Wien, S 194–203
Kuhs H, Rudolf GAE (1989) A double-blind study of the comparative antidepressant effect of paroxetine and amitriptyline. Acta Psychiatr Scand 80: 145–146
Kuhs H, Rudolf GAE (1990) Cardiovascular effects of paroxetine. Psychopharmacology 102: 379–382
Laakmann G, Blaschke D, Engel R, Schwarz A (1988) Fluoxetine vs amitriptyline in the treatment of depressed out-patients. Br J Psychiatry 153: 64–68
Laakmann G, Breull A, Pögelt A, Daffner C, Unterberger D (1991a) Serotoninwiederaufnahmehemmer und Depression. In: HEINRICH K, HIPPIUS H, PÖLDINGER W (Hrsg) Serotonin - ein funktioneller Ansatz für die psychiatrische, Diagnose und Therapie? Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, S 233–253 (duphar med communication, Bd 2 )
Laakmann G, Pögelt A, Kriszio B, Breull A, Blaschke D, Eissner HJ (1991b) Behandlungsergebnisse mit Fluoxetin im Vergleich zu Amitriptylin bei ambulanten und stationären Patienten im Rahmen von Doppelblindstudien (Gesamtanalysen). In: LAAKMANN G (Hrsg) Selektive Re-uptake-Hemmung und ihre Bedeutung für die Depression. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, S 23–46
Lader M, Melhuish A, Frcka G, Overo F, Christensen V (1986) The effects of citalopram in single and repeated doses and with alcohol on physiological and psychological measures in healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 31: 183–190
Lam RW (1992) Antidepressants: which to use first? Can J Psychiatry 37: 592
Langer G, Schonbeck G (1983) Klinische Pharmakokinetik der Antidepressiva. In: Langer G, Heimann H (Hrsg) Psychopharmaka. Springer, Wien New York, S 111–118
Lapierre YD (1991) Controlling acute episodes of depression. Int Clin Psychopharmacol [Suppl] 6: 23–35
Lapierre YD, Browne M, Horn E, Oyewumi KL, Sarantidis D, Roberts N, Badoe K, Tessier P (1987) Treatment of major affective disorder with fluvoxamine. J Clin Psychiatry 48: 65–68
Larochelle P, Hamet P, Enjalbert M (1979) Responses to tyramine and norepinephrine after imipramine and trazodone. Clin Pharm Ther 26: 24–28
Lauritsen B (1975) Continental hospital studies with maprotiline. J Int Med Res 3 [Suppl 2]: 61–65
Lauritzen L, Clemmesen L, Klysner R et al. (1992) Combined treatment with imipramine and mianserin. Pharmacopsychiatry 25: 182–186
Laux G (1986) Chronifizierte Depressionen. Enke, Stuttgart
Laux G, König W (1992) Infusionstherapie bei Depressionen, 3. Aufl. Hippokrates, Stuttgart
Laux G, Riederer P (Hrsg) (1992) Plasmaspiegelbestimmung von Psychopharmaka: Therapeutisches Drug-Monitoring. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart
Laux G, Beckmann H, Classen W, Becker T (1990) Moclobemid und Maprotilin zur Behandlung endogener Depressionen. Munch Med Wochenschr 132: 34–38
Leinonen E (1991) Serum mianserin concentrations in psychiatric inpatients of different ages. Acta Psychiatr Scand 83: 278–282
Leinonen E, Lillsunde P, Laukkanen V, Ylitalo P (1991) Effects of carbamazepine on serum antidepressant concentrations in psychiatric patients. J Clin Psychopharmacol 11: 313–318
Lemiberger L, Rowe H, Bosomworth JC et al. (1988) The effect of fluoxetine on the pharmacokinetics and psychomotor responses of diazepam. Clin Pharmacol Ther 43: 412–419
Leonard HL, Rapoport JL (1989) Pharmacotherapy of childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am 12: 963–970
Levin A (1982) Mianserin and clomipramine in the treatment of depression. S Mr Med J 61: 701–704
Alevine S, Deo R, Mahadevan K (1987a) A comparative trial of a new antidepressant, fluoxetine. Br J Psychiatry 150: 653–655
Levine LR, Rosenblatt S, Bosomworth J (1987b) Use of a serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, fluoxetine, in the treatment of obesity. Int J Obes 11: 185–190
Levine LR, Enas GG, Thompson WL, Byyny RL, Dauer AD, Kirby RW, Kreindler TG, Levy B, Lucas CP, Mcilwain HH et al. (1989a) Use of fluoxetine, a selective serotonin-uptake inhibitor, in the treatment of obesity: a dose-response study. Int J Obes 13: 635–645
Levine R, Hoffman JS, Knepple ED, Kenin M (1989b) Long-term fluoxetine treatment of a large number of obsessive-compulsive patients. J Clin Psychopharmacol 9: 281–283
Levinson ML, Lipsy RJ, Fuller DK (1991) Adverse effects and drug interactions associated with fluoxetine therapy. DICP Ann Pharmacother 25: 657–661
Libert MH (1991) The use of viloxazine in the treatment of primary enuresis. Curr Ther Res 49: 335–339
Liebau H, Wöller M, Lange H (1981) Behandlung depressiver Verstimmungszustände in der Praxis mit Maprotilin. Z Allg Med 57: 2403–2409
Liebowitz MR, Hollander E, Schneier F, Campeas R, Hatterer J, papl L, Fairbanks J, Sandberg D, Davies S, Stein M (1989) Fluoxetine treatment of obsessive—compulsive disorder: an open clinical trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol 9: 423–427
Liebowitz MR, Hollander E, Fairbanks J, Campeas R (1990) Fluoxetine for adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 147: 370–371
Lindsay PG, Olsen RB (1985) Maprotiline in pain depression. J Clin Psychiatry 46: 226–228
Lippman SB, Nash K (1990) Monoamine oxidase inhibitor update: potential adverse food and drug interactions. Drug Safety 5: 195–204
Loeb D, Albano C, Gandolfo C (1989) Fluoxetine versus imipramine. Int J Psychopharmacol [Suppl] 4: 75–79
Loldrup D, Langemark M, Hansen HJ, Olesen J, Bech P (1989) Clomipramine and mianserin in chronic idiopathic pain syndrome. Psycho-pharmacology 99: 1–7
Logue JN, Hendricks JP, Miller RM (1979) Comparisons of maprotiline with imipramine in severe depression: a multicentre controlled trial. J Clin Pharmacol 19: 64–72
Lund Laursen A, Mikkelsen PL, Rasmussen S, Fevre Honore P (1985) Paroxetine in the treatment of depression — a randomized comparison with amitriptyline. Acta Psychiatr Scand 71: 249–255
Lundmark J, Scheel Thomsen I, Fjord-Larsen T, Manniche PM, Mengel H, Moller-Nielsen EM, Pauser H, Walinder J (1989) Paroxetine: pharmacokinetic and antidepressant effect in the elderly. Acta Psychiatr Scand [Suppl 3501 80: 76–80
Lydiard RB, Knight Laird L, Morton A, Steele TE, Kellner C, Laraia MT, Ballenger JC (1989) Fluvoxamine, imipramine, and placebo in the treatment of depressed outpatients: effects on depression. Psychopharmacol Bull 25: 68–70
Maistrello I, Grassi G, Bertolino A et al. (1983) Unwanted symptoms in depressed patients treated with viloxazine: an algorithm for identification of illness-related symptoms. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 24: 277–281
Mann JJ, Kapur S (1991) The emergence of suicidal ideation and behavior during antidepressant pharmacotherapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48: 1027–1033
Mann JJ, Georgotas A, Newton R, Gershon S (1981) A controlled study of trazodone, imi- pramine, and in outpatients with endogenous depressions. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1: 75–80
Manna V, Martucci N, Agnoli A (1989) Double-blind controlled study on the clinical efficacy and safety of fluoxetine vs clomipramine in the treatment of major depressive disorders. Int J Psychopharmacol [Suppll 4: 81–88
Manth SM, Prager G (1987) Fluvoxamin bei kardialen Risikopatienten. Fortschr Pharmakother 3: 36–46
March JS, Kobak KA, Jefferson JW, Mazza J, Greist JH (1990) A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fluvoxamine versus imipramine in outpatients with major depression. J Clin Psychiatry 51: 200–202
Markovitz JC (1991) Combined therapy for a 30-year-old woman with early-onset dysthymia. Hosp Commun Psychiatry 42: 1103–1104
Markovitz PJ, Stagno SJ, Calabrese JR (1990) Buspirone augmentation of fluoxetine in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 147: 798–800
Markovitz PJ, Calabrese JR, Scliulz SC, Meltzer HY (1991) Fluoxetine in the treatment of borderline and schizotypal personality disorders. Am J Psychiatry 148: 1064–1067
Marley E, Wozniak KM (1984) Interactions of nonselective monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tranylcypromine and nialamide, with inhibitors of 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine or noradrenaline re-uptake. J Psychiatry Res 18: 191–203
Martin AJ, Wakelin J (1986) Fluvoxamine — a baseline study of clinical response, long term tolerance and safety in a general practice population. Br J Clin Pract 40: 95–99
Martin AJ, Tebbs VM, Ashford JJ (1987) Affective disorders in general practice. Treatment of 6000 patients with fluvoxamine. Pharmatherapeutica 5: 40–49
Martin PR, Adinoff B, Eckardt MJ, Stapleton JM, Bone GAH, Rubinow DR, Lane EA, Linnoii.A M (1989) Effective pharmacotherapy of alcoholic amnestic disorder with fluvoxamine. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46: 617–621
Martindale FA (1989) The extra pharmacopoeia. The Pharmaceutical Press, London
Martucci N, Manna V, Agnoli A (1985) Antidepressant drugs and migraine. Cephalgia 5: 225–228
Masco HL, Sheetz MS (1985) Double-blind comparison of fluoxetine and amitriptyline in the treatment of major depressive illness. Adv Ther 2: 175–284
Mattila MJ, Saarialho-Kere U, Mattila M (1988) Acute effects of sertraline, amitriptyline, and placebo on the psychomotor performance of healthy subjects over 50 years of age. J Clin Psychiatry [Suppl] 49: 52–58
Mccallum P, Meares R (1975) A controlled trial of maprotiline in depressed outpatients. Med J Aust 2: 392–396
Mccance Katz E, Price LH, Charney DS, Heninger GR (1992) Serotonergic function during lithium augmentation of refractory depression. Psychopharmacology 108: 93–97
Mcevoy JP, Sheridan WF, Stewart WR Jr et al (1980) Viloxazine in the treatment of depressive neurosis: a controlled clinical study with doxepin and placebo. Br J Psychiatry 137: 440–443
Mcgrath PJ, Rabkin JG, Stewart JW, Harrison W, Quitkin FM, Markowitz J (1985) Placebo-controlled study of mianserin in depressed outpatients. Neuropsychobiology 14: 128–132
Mehta BM, Spear FG, Whittington JR (1980) A double-blind controlled trial of mianserin and amitriptyline in depression. Curr Med Res Opin 7: 14–22
Mendlewicz J (1992) Efficacy of fluvoxamine in severe depression. Drugs [Suppl 2] 43: 32–39
Mertens C (1989) Citalopram versus mianserin: a controlled double-blind trial in depressed patients. In: Montgomery SA (ed) Citalopram — the new antidepressant from Lundbeck Research. Proceedings of a Symposium August 11, 1988. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, pp 50–55
Mertens C, Pintens H (1988) Paroxetine in the treatment of depression. A double-blind multicenter study versus mianserin. Acta Psychiatr Scand 77: 683–688
Meyendorff E, Jain A, Traskman-BENDZ L, Stanley B, Stanley M (1986) The effects of fenfluramine on suicidal behavior. Psychopharmacol Bull 22: 155–159
Mico JA, Casas J, Gutierrez M, Gomez-Cama MC, Valverde O, Aracama JR, Elorza J, Gibertrahola J (1990) Evaluation of the analgesic effect of fluvoxamine on experimental acute and chronic pain. Eur J Pharmacol 183: 1446–1447
Middleton RSW (1975) A comparison between maprotilin and imipramine in the treatment of depressive illness in the elderly. J Int Med Res 3 [Suppl 21: 79–81
Miller SM, Naylor GJ, Murtagh M, Winslow G (1989) A double-blind comparison of paroxetine and placebo in the treatment of depressed patients in a psychiatric outpatient clinic. Acta Psychiatr Scand [Suppl] 80: 143–144
Milne RJ, Goa KL (1991) Citalopram. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in depressive illness. Drugs 41: 450–477
Mitchel JE, Pyle RL, Eckert ED, Hatsukami D, Pomeroy C, Zimmerman R (1989) Response to alternative antidepressants in imipramine nonresponders with bulimia nervosa. J Clin Psychopharmacol 9: 291–293
Mizuki Y, Kajamura N, Imai T, Suetsugi M, Rai S, Kaneyuki H, Yamada N (1990) Effects of mianserin on negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 5: 83–95
Modell JG, Himle J, Nesse RM, Mountz JM, Schmaltz S (1989) Sequential trials of fluoxetine, phenelzine, and tranylcypromine in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Anxiety Disord 3: 287–293
Moffaert M, Dierick M, Meulemeester F, Vereecken A (1982) Treatment of depressive anxiety states associated with psychosomatic symptoms. Acta Psychiatr Belg 83: 525–539
Moises HW, Kasper S, Beckmann H (1981) Trazodone and amitriptyline in treatment of depressed inpatients. A double-blind study. Pharmacopsychiatry 4: 167–171
Molcho A, Stanley M (1992) Antidepressants and suicide risk: issues of chemical and behavioral toxicity. J Clin Psychopharmacol [Suppl] 12: S 13–18
Müller HJ (1991) Therapieresistenz auf Antidepressiva: Risikofaktoren und Behandlungsmöglichkeiten. Nervenarzt 62: 658–669
Möller HJ (1992) Klinische Prüfstudien. In: RIEDE-RER P, LAUX G, PÖLDINGER W (Hrsg) Neuro-Psychopharmaka, Bd 1. Allgemeine Grundlagen der Pharmakopsychiatrie. Springer, Wien New York, S 177–199
Müller HJ (1992a) Antidepressants–do they decrease or increase suicidality? Pharmacopsychiatry 25: 249–253
Möller HJ, Riehl T, Dietzfelbinger T, Wernicke T (1990) Behandlung ambulanter Patienten mit Depressionen. Mönch Med Wochenschr 132: 695–699
Molnar G (1983) Seizures associated with high maprotiline serum concentrations. Can J Psychiatry 28: 555–556
Monro P, Swade C, Coppen A (1985) Mianserin in the prophylaxis of migraine: a double-blind study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 72 [Suppl 3201: 98–103
Montgomery SA (1989) The efficacy of fluoxetine as an antidepressant in the short and long term. Int Clin Psychopharmacol [Suppl] 4: 113–119
Montgomery SA (1992a) Sertraline in the prevention of depression. Br J Psychiatry 161: 271–272
Montgomery SA (1992b) Suicide and antidepressants. Drugs [Suppl 2] 43: 24–31
Montgomery SA, Montgomery D (1992) Prophylactic treatment in recurrent unipolar depression. In: Montgomery SA, Rouillon F (eds) Long-term treatment of depression. Wiley, Chichester New York Brisbane, pp 53–79
Montgomery SA, Rouillon F (eds) (1992) Longterm treatment of depression. Wiley, Chichester New York Brisbane
Montgomery SA, Rasmussen JGC (1992) Citalo-pram 20 mg, citalopram 40 mg and placebo in the prevention of relapse of major depression. Int Clin Psychopharmacol [Suppl] 5: 63–65
Montgomery SA, Mcauley R, Montgomery DB (1978) Relationship between mianserin plasma levels and antidepressant effect in a double-blind trial comparing single night-time and divided daily dose regimes. Br J Clin Pharmacol 5: 715–716
Montgomery SA, Mcauley R, Dawling S (1980) Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of maprotiline and amitriptyline in endogenous depression: a double-blind controlled trial. Clin Ther 3: 292–301
Montgomery SA, Smeyatsky N, Ruiter M, Montgomery DB (1985) Profiles of antidepressant activity with the Montgomery-Asberg rating scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 72 [Suppl 320]: 38–42
Montgomery SA, Dufour H, Brion S, Gailledreau J, Laqueille X, Ferrey G, Moron P, Parantlucena N, Singer L, Danion JM, Beuzen JN, Pierredon MA (1988) The prophylactic efficacy of fluoxetine in unipolar depression. Br J Psychiatry [Suppl] 153: 69–76
Montgomery SA, Baldwin D, Green M (1989) Why do amitriptyline and dothiepin appear to be so dangerous in overdose? Acta Psychiatr Scand [Suppl] 80: 47–53
Montgomery SA, Doogan DP, Burnside R (1991) The influence of different relapse criteria on the assessment of long-term efficacy of sertraline. Int Clin Psychopharmacol [Suppl] 6: 3746
Montgomery SA, Bullock T, Pinder RM (1991) The clinical profile of mianserin. Nord Psykiatr Tidsskr 45: 27–35
Montgomery SA, Rasmussen JGC, Lyby K, Connor P, Tanghoj P (1992) Dose response relationship of citalopram 20 mg, citalopram 40 mg and placebo in the treatment of moderate and severe depression. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 6: 67–72
Moon CAL, Jesinger DK (1991) The effects of psychomotor performance of fluvoxamine versus mianserin in depressed patients in general practice. Br J Clin Pract 45: 259–262
Moron P, Parant-Lucena N, Jarrige A (1981) Essai thérapeutique de la viloxazine injectable. Psychol Méd 13: 1831–1835
Muijen M, Roy D, Silverstone T, Mehmet A, Christie M (1988) A comparative clinical trial of fluoxetine, mianserin and placebo in depressed outpatients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 78: 384–390
Müller-Oerlinghausen B, Ruther E (1979) Clinical profile and serum concentration of viloxazine as compared to amitriptyline. Pharmakopsychiatry 12: 321–337
Mullin JM, Pandita-Gunawardena VR, Whitehead AM (1988) A double-blind comparison of flu- voxamine and dothiepin in the treatment of ma- jor affective disorder. Br J Clin Pract 42: 51–55
Murdoch D, Mctavish D (1992) Sertraline. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Drugs 44: 604–624
Murphy JE, Bridgman KM (1978) A comparative clinical trial of mianserin ( Norval) and amitriptyline in the treatment of depression in general practice. J Int Med Res 6: 199–206
Murphy (1976) A comparison of a high low dosage regimen of maprotiline. Cambridge Med Publ, pp 86–101
Naranjo CA, Sellers EM, Sullivan JT, Woodley DV, Kadlec K, Sykora K (1987) The serotonin uptake inhibitor citalopram attenuates ethanol intake. Clin Pharmacol Ther 41: 266–274
Naranjo CA, Sullivan JT, Kadlec KE, Woodleyremus V, Kennedy G, Sellers EM (1989) Differential effects of viqualine on alcohol intake and other consummatory behaviors. Clin Pharmacol Ther 46: 301–309
Naranjo CA, Kadlec KE, Sanhueza P, Woodleyremus D, Sellers EM (1990) Fluoxetine differentially alters alcohol intake and other consummatory behaviors in problem drinkers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 47: 490–498
Naranjo CA, Poulos CX, Bremner KE, Lanctot KL (1992) Citalopram decreases desirability, liking, and consumption of alcohol in alcohol-dependent drinkers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 51: 729–739
Nawishy S, Dawling S (1982) Kinetic interaction of mianserin in epileptic patients on anticonvulsant drugs. Br J Clin Pharmacol 13: 612–613
Nelson JC, Mazure CM, Bowers MB, Jatlow PI (1991) A preliminary, open study of the combination of fluoxetine and desipramine for rapid treatment of major depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48: 303–307
Newton R (1981) The side effects profile of trazodone in comparison to an active control and placebo. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1 [Suppll: 89–93
Nielsen OA, Morsing I, Petersen JS, Larsen T, Moller SE, Manniche PM, Skausig OB (1991) Paroxetine and imipramine treatment of depressive patients in a controlled multicentre study with plasma amino acid measurements. Acta Psychiatr Scand 84: 233–241
Nierenberg AA, White K (1990) What next? A review of pharmacologic strategies for treatment resistant depression. Psychopharmacol Bull 26: 429–460
Nilsson BS (1983) Adverse reactions in connection with zimelidine treatment–a review. Acta Psychiatr Scand [Suppll 68: 115–119
Nissen G (1983) Depressive Zustandsbilder im Kindes-and Jugendalter and ihre Behandlung mit Vivalan ICI (Viloxazin). In: PÖLDINGER W (Hrsg) Aktuelle Aspekte der Depressionsbehandlung. Huber, Bern, S 134–145
Noguera R, Altuna R, Alvarez E, Ayuso JL, Casais L, Udina C (1991) Fluoxetine vs. clomipramine in depressed patients: a controlled multicentre trial. J Affect Disord 22: 119–124
Nolen WA, Putte JJ, Dijken WA, Kamp JS, Blansjaar BA, Kramer HJ, Haffmans J (1988) Treatment strategy in depression. 1. Non-tricyclic and selective reuptake inhibitors in resistant depression: a double-blind partial crossover study on the effects of oxaprotiline and fluvoxamine. Acta Psychiatr Scand 78: 668–675
Norman TR, Burrows GD, Davies BM et al. (1980) Viloxazine plasma concentrations and clinical response. J Affect Disord 2: 157–164
Norton KRW, Sireling LI, Bhat AV, Rao B, Paykel ES (1984) A double-blind comparison of fluvoxamine, imipramine and placebo in depressed patients. J Affect Disord 7: 297–308
Nyth A, Gofieries CG, Lyby K, Smedegaard-Andersen L, Gylding-Sabroe J, Kristensen M, Refsum HE, Ofsti E, Eriksson S, Syversen SA (1992) A controlled multicenter clinical study of citalopram and placebo in elderly depressed patients with and without concomitant dementia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 86: 132–145
Ochs HR, Greenblatt DJ, Verburg-Ochs B, Labedski L (1989) Chronic treatment with fluvoxamine, clovoxamine, and placebo: interaction with digoxin and effects on sleep and alertness. J Clin Pharmacol 29: 91–95
O`Connor M, Pettiford J (1982) Zimelidine in chronic suicidal behaviour. Aust NZ J Psychiatry 16: 196–197
Ohayon M, Poinso Y (1985) Des conclusions surprenantes d’une étude en double insu viloxazine iv/cp. Actualités Psychiat 15: 86–95
Ohrberg S, Christiansen PE, Severin B, Calberg H, Nilakantan B, Borup A, Sogaard A, Larsen SB, Loldrup D, Bahr B, Siebuhr N, Gregersen B, Jacobsen F, Liljeström M, Manniche PM, Bech P (1992) Paroxetine and imipramine in the treatment of depressive patients in psychiatric practice. Acta Psychiatr Scand 86: 437–444
Olafsson K, Bille A, Palby A, Moller SE, Andersen J (1988) Serotonin reuptake-inhibitor in the treatment of dementia. Nord Psykiatr Tidsskr 42: 533–535
Ormsbee HS, Fondacaro JD (1985) Action of serotonin on the gastrointestinal tract (42016). Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 178: 333–338
Ollevanger EA (1991a) The efficacy of fluvoxamine in patients with severe depression. Br J Clin Res 2: 125–132
Ollevanger EA (1991b) Fluvoxainine activity profile with special emphasis on the effect on suicidal ideation. Eur J Clin Res 1: 47–54
Pach J (1992) Pharmakotoxische Psychose und extrapyramidalmotorisches Syndrom. Nervenarzt 63: 575–576
Pakesch G, Dossenbach M (1991) Wirkung und Sicherheit von Fluoxetin versus Clomipramin bei ambulanten Patienten mit einem depressiven Syndrom in einer klinischen Prüfung bei niedergelassenen Ärzten. Wien Klin Wochenschr 103: 176–182
Palmié P (1983) Erfahrungsbericht über den Einsatz von Thombran (Trazodon-HCI) in der kinderärztlichen Praxis. Therapiewoche 33: 4823–4824
Pastuszak A, Schick-Boschetto B, Zuber C, Feldkamp M, Pinelli M, Sihn S, Donnenfeld A, Mccormack M, Leen-Mitchell M, Woodland C, Gardner A, Hom M, Koren G (1993) Pregnancy outcome following first-trimester exposure to fluoxetine ( Prozac ). JAMA 269: 2246–2248
Peck AW, Boyll O, Hoover CE (1983) Incidence of seizures during treatment with tricyclic antidepressant drugs and bupropion. J Clin Psychiatry 44: 197–203
Pedersen OL et al. (1982) Overdosage of antidepressants: clinical and pharmacokinetic aspects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 23: 513
Pelicier Y, Gresland M (1985) A daily evening dose of 75 mg maprotiline in outpatients treatment of depressive states in general practice. Trib Méd 131: 49–61
Perault MC, Griesemann E, Bouguet S et al. (1989) A study of the interaction of viloxazine with theophylline. Ther Drug Monit 11: 520–522
Perez A, Ashford JJ (1990) A double-blind, randomized comparison of fluvoxamine with mianserin in depressive illness. Curr Med Res Opin 12: 234–241
Perry GF, Fitzsimmons B, Shapiro L, Irwin P (1978) Clinical study of mianserin, imipramine and placebo in depression. Br J Clin Pharmacol 5: 35–41
Perry PJ, Garvey MJ, Kelly MW, Cook BL, Dunner FJ, Winokur G (1989) A comparative trial of fluoxetine versus trazodone in outpatients with major depression. J Clin Psychiatry 50: 290–294
Perse TL, Greist JH, Jefferson JW, Rosenfeld R, DAR R (1987) Fluvoxamine treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 144: 1543–1548
Peselow ED, Filippi AM, Goodnick P, Barouche F, Fieve RR (1989a) The short-and long-term efficacy of paroxetine HCI. A. Data from a 6-week double-blind parallel design trial vs imipramine and placebo. Psychopharmacol Bull 25: 267–271
Peselow ED, Filippi AM, Goodnick P, Barouche F, Fieve RR (1989b) The short-and long-term efficacy of paroxetine HCI. B. Data from a double-blind crossover study and from a year- long term trial vs imipramine and placebo. Psychopharmacol Bull 25: 272–276
Peters UH, Lenhard P, Metz M (1989) Ambulante antidepressive Therapie. Eine multizentrische Doppelblindstudie. TW Neurologie Psychiatrie 3: 645–650
Phanjoo AL, Wonnacotr S, Hodgson A (1991) Double-blind comparative multicentre study of fluvoxamine and mianserin in the treatment of major depressive episode in elderly people. Acta Psychiatr Scand 83: 476–479
Pichot P, Guelfi J, Dreyfus JF (1975) A controlled multicentre therapeutic trial of viloxazine ( Vivalan ). J Int Med Res 3: 80–85
Pigott TA, Pato MT, Bernstein SE, Grover GN, Hill JL, Tolliver TJ, Murphy DL (1990) Controlled comparisons of clomipramine and fluoxetine in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47: 926–932
Pinder RM (1991) Mianserin: pharmacological and clinical correlates. Nord Psykiatr Tidsskr 45: 13–26
Pinder RM, Fink M (1982) MiariSerin. Mod Probl Pharmacopsychiatry 18: 70–101
Pinder RM, Brogden RN, Speight TM et al. (1977) Viloxazine: a review of its pharmacolgical properties and therapeutic efficacy in depressive illness. Drugs 13: 401–421
Pinder RM, Brogden RN, Speight TM, Avery GS (1977) Maprotiline: a review of its pharmaco- logical properties and therapeutic efficacy in mental depressive states. Drugs 13: 321–352
Pinder RM, Blum A, Stulemeyer SM (1980) A double-blind, multicentre trial comparing the efficacy and side-effects of mianserin and chlorimipramine in depressed in-and out- patients. Int Pharmacopsychiatry 15: 218–227
Pinto O, Afeiche SP, Bartholini E, Loustaldt P (1972) Internationale Erfahrungen mit Ludiomil. In: KIELHOLZ P (Hrsg) Depressive Zustände. Huber, Bern Stuttgart Wien, S 254–265
Pisani F, Fazio A, Oteri G et al. (1986a) Carbamazepine-viloxazine interaction in patients with epilepsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 49: 1142–1145
Pisani F, Fazio A, Spina E et al. (1986b) Pharmacogenetics of the antidepressant drug viloxazine in normal subjects and in epileptic patients receiving chronic anticonvulsant treatment. Psychopharmacology 90: 295–298
Pisani F, Fazio A, Artesi C et al. (1992) Elevation of plasma phenytoin by viloxazine in epileptic patients: a clinically significant drug interacti- on. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 55: 126–127
Pöldinger W (1982) Doppelblindvergleich der Antidepressiva Viloxazin and Imipramin. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 107: 661–665
Pöldinger W, Haber H (1989) Fluoxetine 40 mg vs maprotiline 75 mg in the treatment of outpatients with depressive disorders. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 4: 47–50
Pope H, Mcelroy SL, Nixon RA (1988) Possible synergism between fluoxetine and lithium in refractory depression. Am J Psychiatry 145: 1292–1293
Porot M, Maillot S (1982) Clinical trial of viloxazine by intravenous perfusions in depressive states. Psychol Med (Paris) 14: 1615–1623
Potter WZ, Rudorfer MV, Manji H (1991) The pharmacologic treatment of depression. N Engl J Med 325: 633–642
Potter Loon BJ, Radder JK, Frölich M, Krans HMJ, Zwinderman AH, Meinders AE (1992) Fluoxetine increases insulin action in obese type II (non-insulin dependent) diabetic patients. Int J Obesity 16 [Suppl 4]: S55 - S61
Prange AJ, Wilson IC, Rabon AM et al. (1969) Enhancement of imipramine-antidepressant activity by thyroid hormone. Am J Psychiatry 126: 457
Price LH, Goodman WK, Charney DS, Rasmussen SA, Heninger GR (1987) Treatment of severe obsessive-compulsive disorder with fluvoxamine. Am J Psychiatry 144: 1059–1061
Price LH, Charney DS, Heninger GR (1992) Serotonin syndrome. Am J Psychiatry 149: 1116–1117
Primeau F, Fontaine R (1987) Obsessive disorder with self-mutilation: a subgroup responsive to pharmacotherapy. Can J Psychiatry 32: 699–701
Rabkin JG, Mcgrath PJ, Quitkin FM, Fyer A, Ste-Wart JW, Liebowitz MR, Markowitz J (1984) Mianserin versus amitriptyline for depression: a double-blind 6-week trial. Neuropsychobiology 12: 224–228
Rahman MK, Akhtar MJ, Savla NC, Sharma RR, Kellett JM, Ashford JJ (1991) A double-blind, randomised comparison of fluvoxamine with dothiepin in the treatment of depression in elderly patients. Br J Clin Pract 45: 255–258
Rapoport JL (1991) Medikamentöse Behandlung der Zwangserkrankung. Nervenarzt 62: 318–320
Rauch PK, Jenike MA (1984) Digoxin toxicity possibly precipitated by trazodone. Psychosomatics 25: 334–335
Rawls WN (1982) Trazodone. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 16: 7–13
Reimherr FW, Wood DR, Byerley B, Brainard J, Grosser BI (1984) Characteristics of responders to fluoxetine. Psychopharmacol Bull 20: 70–72
Reimherr FW, Byerley WF, Ward MF, Lebegue BJ, Wender PH (1988) Sertraline, a selective inhibitor of serotonin uptake, for the treatment of outpatients with major depressive disorder. Psychopharmacol Bull 24: 200–205
Reimherr FW, Chouinard G, Cohn CK, Cole JO, Iol TM, Lapierre YD, Masco HL, Mendles J (1990) Antidepressant efficacy of sertraline: a double-blind, placebo-and amitriptyline-controlled, multicenter comparison study in outpatients with major depression. J Clin Psychiatry 51: 18–27
Remick RA, Douglas Keller F, Gibson RE, Carter D (1989) A comparison between fluoxetine and doxepin in depressed patients. Curr Ther Res 46: 842–848
Richir J, Lesage E, Dutoit A et al. (1982) Les réactions dépressives à la phase aigue de l’infarcuts du myocarde: utilisation de la Viloxazine en unité de soins intensifs cardiologiques. Gaz Med France 89: 2185–2188
Rickels K, Case WG (1982) Trazodone in depressed outpatients. Am J Psychiatry 139: 803–806
Rickels K, Schweizer E (1990) Clinical overview of serotonin reuptake inhibitors. J Clin Psychiatry [Suppl] 51: 9–12
Rickels K, Smith WT, Glaudin V, Amsterdam JB, Weise C, Settle GP (1985) Comparison of two dosage regimens of fluoxetine in major depression. J Clin Psychiatry 46: 38–41
Rickels K, Amsterdam JD, Avallone MF (1986) Fluoxetine in major depression: a controlled study. Curr Ther Res 39: 559–563
Rickels K, Amsterdam J, Clary C, Fox I, Schweizer E, Weise C (1992) The efficacy and safety of paroxetine compared with placebo in outpatients with major depression. J Clin Psychiatry [Suppl] 53: 30–32
Riddle MA, Hardin MT, King R, Scahill L, Woolston JL (1990) Fluoxetine treatment of children and adolescents with Tourette’s and obsessive compulsive disorders: preliminary clinical experience. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 29: 45–48
Rieger W, Müller H, Körner P (1975) Maprotiline and imipramine in depressed in-patients: a controlled study. J Int Med Res 3: 413–420
Robinson JF, Doogan DP (1982) A placebo controlled study of the cardiovascular effects of fluvoxamine and clovoxamine in human volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 14: 805–808
Roccatagliata G, Albano C, Maffini M, Farelli S (1980) Alcohol withdrawal syndrome: treatment with trazodone. Int Pharmacopsychiatry 15: 105–109
Ropert R (1989) Fluoxetine versus clomipramine in major depressive disorders. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 4: 89–95
Rosenthal J, Hemlock C, Hellerstein DJ, Yanowitch P, Kasch K, Schupak C, Samstag L, WINSTON A (1992) A preliminary study of serotonergic antidepressants in treatment of dysthymia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 16: 933–941
Rost W, Schmidtke A, Bauer K, Hübner C, Gattaz WF (1989) Die Wirklatenzhypothese von Antidepressiva: Vergleich zwischen Fluvoxamin und Maprotilin. In: SALETU B (Hrsg) Biologische Psychiatrie. Thieme, Stuttgart New York, S 158–160
Roth D, Ma11es J, Sheehan KH, Sheehan DV (1990) A double-blind comparison of fluvoxamine, desipramine and placebo in outpatients with depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 14: 929–939
Rudorfer MV, polirr WZ (1989) Combined fluoxetine and tricyclic antidepressants. Am J Psychiatry 146: 562–564
Russel G, Niaz U, Wakeling A, Slade PD (1978) Comparative double-blind trial of mianserin hydrochloride and diazepam in patients with depressive illness. Br J Clin Pharmacol 5: 57S - 65S
Salama AA, Shafey M (1989) A case of severe lithium toxicity induced by combined fluoxetine and lithium carbonate (letter). Am J Psychiatry 146: 278
Saletu B, Frey R, Krupka M, Anderer P, Grünberger J, See WR (1991) Sleep laboratory studies on the single-dose effects of serotonin reuptake inhibitors paroxetine and fluoxetine on human sleep and awakening qualities. Sleep 14: 439–447
Schied HW, Bartels M (1983) Transitorische zerebelläre Ataxien bei hochdosierter thymoleptischer Kombinationsbehandlung. Pharmacopsychiatria 16: 64–65
Schifano F, Garbin A, Renesto V, Dedominicis MG, Trinciarelli G, Silvestri A, Magni G (1990) A double-blind comparison of mianserin and maprotiline in depressed medically ill elderly people. Acta Psychiatr Scand 81: 289–294
Schmauss M, Meller I (1989) Die „therapieresistente“ Depression — Ursachen und Behandlungsmöglichkeiten. Psychiat Prax 16: 101–108
Schneier FR, Liebowitz MR, Davies SO, Fairbanks J, Hollander E, Campeas R, Klein DF (1990) Fluoxetine in panic disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 10: 119–121
Schöne N (1992) A double-blind comparison of paroxetine and fluoxetine in the treatment of geriatric patients with major depression. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2: P-16
Schöny W (1992) Die Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit von Citalopram im Vergleich von parenteraler und oraler Verabreichung. Neuropsychiatrie 6: 65–71
Schweizer E, Rickels K, Amsterdam JD, Fox I, Puzzuoli G, Weise C (1990) What constitutes an adequate antidepressant trial for fluoxetine? J Clin Psychiatry 51: 8–11
Sedgwick EM, Edwards G (1983) Mianserin, maprotiline and the electroencephalogram. Br J Clin Pharmacol 15 [Suppl 2]: 255–257
Sellers EM, Higgins GA, Sobell MB (1992) 5-HT and alcohol abuse. Trends Pharmacol Sci 13: 69–75
Seppala T, Stromberg C, Bergman I (1984) Effects of zimeldine, mianserin and amitriptyline on psychomotor skills and their interaction with ethanol. A placebo controlled cross-over study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 27: 181–189
Shapira B, Lerer B, Kindler S, Lichtenberg P, Gropp C, Cooper T, Calev A (1992) Enhanced serotonergic responsivity following electroconvulsive therapy in patients with major depression. Br J Psychiatry 160: 223–229
Shaw CA, Sullivan JT, Kadlec KE, Kaplan HL, Naranjo CA et al. (1989) Ethanol interactions with serotonin uptake selective and non-selective antidepressants: fluoxetine and amitriptyline. Hum Psychopharmacol 4: 113–120
Shaw DM, Crimmins R (1989) A multicentre trial of citalopram and amitriptyline in major depressive illness. In: Montgomery SAL (ed) Citalo-pram — the new antidepressant from Lund-beck research. Proceedings of a Symposium August 11, 1988. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam Hongkong, pp 43–49
Sheehan D, Dunbar GC, Fuell DL (1992) The effect of paroxetine on anxiety and agitation associated with depression. Psychopharmacol Bull 28: 139–143
Shrivastava RK, Patel Shrivastava SH, Overweg N, Blumhardt CL (1992) A double-blind comparison of paroxetine, imipramine, and placebo in major depression. J Clin Psychiatry 53: 48–51
Siddiqui UA, Chakravarti SK, Jesinger DK (1985) The tolerance and antidepressive activity of fluvoxamine as a single dose compared to a twice daily dose. Curr Med Res Opin 9: 681–690
Sieroslawski (1982) Klinisches Sachverständigengutachten nach § 24, Abs. 1, 1 Nr. 3 AMG, Sektion Psychopharmaka, Thombran® Trazodon Filmtabletten. Dr. K. Thomae GmbH
Silverstone T (1981) Relative speed of onset of the antidepressant effect of maprotiline. Clin Ther 3: 374–377
Simeon JG, Dinicola VF, Ferguson HB, Copping W (1990a) Adolescent depression: a placebo-controlled fluoxetine treatment study and follow-up. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 14: 791–795
Simeon JG, Thaiie S, Wiggins D (1990b) Treatment of adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder with a clomipramine-fluoxetine combination. Psychopharmacol Bull 26: 285–290
Simpson GS, Paulo JR (1991) Fluoxetine treatment of bipolar II depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol 11: 52–54
Sindrup SH, Bjerre U, Dejgaard A, Brosen K, jorgensen T, Gram LF (1992) The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram relieves the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy. Clin Pharmacol Ther 52: 547–552
Singh AH, Saxena B, Nelson HL (1976) A controlled study of trazodone in chronic schizophrenic patients with pronounced depressive symptomatology. Curr Ther Res 23: 485–501
Singh AN, Curlow A, Myers E (1976) Maprotiline and imipramine in depressed outpatients. Curr Ther Res 19: 451–459
Smith AHW, Naylor T (1978) The antidepressant properties of mianserin and its effect on sleep. Acta Psychiatr Belg 78: 813–826
Smith WT, Glaudin V (1992) A placebo-controlled trial of paroxetine in the treatment of major depression. J Clin Psychiatry 53: 36–39
Solyom L, Gibson RE (1990) Fluoxetine in refractory depression. Biol Psychiatry 27: 461–463
Solyom L, Solyom C, Ledwidge B (1990) The fluoxetine treatment of low-weight, chronic bulimia nervosa. J Clin Psychopharmacol 10: 421–425
Song F, Freemantle N, Sheldon TA, House A, Watson P, Long A, Mason J (1993) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: meta-analysis of efficacy and acceptability. Br Med J 306: 683–687
South Wales Antidepressant Drug Trial Group (1988) A double-blind multi-centre trial of fluoxetine and dothiepin in major depressive illness. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 3: 75–81
Stark P, Hardison CD (1985) A review of multicenter controlled studies of fluoxetine vs imipramine and placebo in outpatients with major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 46: 53–58
Steiner W, Fontaine R (1986) Toxic reaction following the combined administration of fluoxetine and L-tryptophane: five case reports. Biol Psychiatry 21: 1067–1071
Sternbach H (1988) Danger of MAOI therapy after fluoxetine withdrawal. Lancet 8: 850–851
Sternbach H (1991) The serotonin syndrome. Am J Psychiatry 148: 705–713
Stimmel GL (1980) New drug evaluations. Maprotiline. Drug Intell (USA) 14: 585–589
Stimmel GL, Skowron DM, Chameides WA (1991) Focus on fluvoxamine: a serotonin reuptake inhibitor for major depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Hosp Formul 26: 635–643
Stout RJ (1990) Fluoxetine for the treatment of compulsive facial picking. Am J Psychiatry 147: 370
Stratta P, Bolino F, Cupillari M, Casacchia M (1991) A double-blind parallel study comparing fluoxetine with imipramine in the treatment of atypical depression. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 6: 193–196
Stromberg C, Seppala T, Mattila MJ (1988) Acute effects of maprotiline, doxepin and zimeldine with alcohol in healthy volunteers. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 291: 217–228
Swami Nathan R, Perel JM, Pollock BG, Kupfer DJ (1990) The role of neuropharmacologic selectivity in antidepressant action: fluvoxamine versus desipramine. J Clin Psychiatry 51: 367372
Tamimi RR, Mavissakalian MR, Jones B, Olsen S (1991) Clomipramine versus fluvoxamine in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Ann Clin Psychiatry 3: 275–279
Tamminen TTA, Lehtinen VV (1989) A double-blind parallel study to compare fluoxetine with doxepin in the treatment of major depressive disorders. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 4: 51–56
Taneri Z, Köhler R (1989) Fluoxetine versus nomifensine in outpatients with neurotic or reactive depressive disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol [Suppll 4: 57–61
Tanum L (1991) The effect of mianserin in chronic, idiopathic abdominal pain. In: Racagni G, Brunello N, Fukuda T (eds) Biological psychiatry, vol 1. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam London New York Tokio, pp 328–331
Tate JL (1989) Extrapyramidal symptoms in a patient taking haloperidol and fluoxetine. Am J Psychiatry 146: 399–400
Teicher MH, Glod C, Cole JO (1990) Emergence of intense suicidal preoccupation during fluoxetine treatment. Am J Psychiatry 147: 207–210
Thomas R (1991) Fluvoxamine and alcoholism. Int Clin Psychopharmacol [Suppl] 6: 85–92
Thompson C, Isaacs G (1991) Is viloxazine an antidepressant? A placebo-controlled double-blind study in major depressive disorder. Hum Psychopharmacol 6: 31–38
Thomson AH, Addis GJ, Mcgovern EM, Mcdonald NJ (1988) Theophylline toxicity following coadministration of viloxazine. Ther Drug Monit 10: 359–360
Timmerman L, Beurs P, Tan BK, Leijnse-Ybema H, Sanchez C, Hopfner Petersen HE, Cohen Stuart MH (1987) A double-blind comparative clinical trial of citalopram vs maprotiline in hospitalized depressed patients. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2: 239–253
Tollefson G, Lesar T (1984) Effect of propranolol on maprotiline clearance. Am J Psychiatry 141: 148–149
Tornatore FL, Sramek JJ, Okeya BL, Pi EH (1991) Unerwünschte Wirkungen von Psychopharmaka. Deutsche Übersetzung und Bearbeitung von DEMLING J. Thieme, Stuttgart New York
Trapp GA, Handorf CR, Larach V (1979) Trazodone in the treatment of depressed inpatients. Psychopharmacol Bull 15: 25–27
Turner SM, Jacob RG, Beidel DC, Himmelhoch J (1985) Fluoxetine treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 5: 207–212
Tyrer P, Marsden CA, Casey P, Seivewright N (1987) Clinical efficacy of paroxetine in resist- ant depression. J Psychopharmacol 1: 251–257
Ulbrich P, Hamouz W (1982) Depressionsbehandlung mit Viloxazin (Vivalan® ICI). Z Allg Med 20: 1114–1118
Usher RW, Beasley CM, Bosomworth JC (1991) Efficacy and safety of morning versus evening fluoxetine administration. J Clin Psychiatry 52: 134–136
Vandel B, Vandel S, Allers G et al. (1981) Clinical pharmacology of viloxazine hydrochloride. Pharmacopsychiatry 14: 66–70
Ameringen M, Mancini C, Streiner DL (1993) Fluoxetine efficacy in social phobia. J Clin Psychiatry 54: 27–32
Velde CD (1981) Maprotilin versus imipramin and placebo in neurotic depression. J Clin Psychiatry 42: 138–143
Harten J, Stevens LA, Raghoebar M, Holland RL, Wesnes K, Cournot A (1992) Fluvoxamine does not interact with alcohol or potentiate alcohol-related impairment of cognitive func- tion. Clin Pharmacol Ther 52: 427–435
Praag HM, Kahn R, Asnis GM, Lemus CZ, Brown SL (1987a) Therapeutic indications for serotonin-potentiating compounds: a hypothesis. Biol Psychiatry 22: 205–212
Praag HM, Lemus C, Kahn R (1987b) Hormonal probes of central serotonergic activity: do they really exist? Biol Psychiatry 22: 86–98
Zwieten PA (1977) Inhibition of the central hypotensive effect of clonidine by trazodone: a novel antidepressant. Pharmacology 15: 331–336
Vassallo E (1978) La Nostra Espenenza con it Trazodone in Anesthesia. Boll Anest Rianim 4: 103–104
Verbeek RK, Ross SG, Mckenna EA (1986) Excretion of trazodone in breast milk. Br J Clin Pharmacol 22: 367–370
Vincenti GE (1990) Fluvoxamine and epilepsy. Lancet 336: 947
Vinci M (1971) Clinical report on the use of trazodone, AF-1161, in endogenous depression. Ospedale Psichiatrico 39: 416 433
Vishwanath BM, Navalgund AA, Cusano W, Navalgund KA (1991) Fluoxetine as a cause of SIADH. Am J Psychiatry 148: 542–543
Waehrens J, Gerlach J (1980) Antidepressant drugs in anergic schizophrenia: a double-blind cross over study with maprotiline and placebo. Acta Psychiatr Scand 61: 438–444
Wagner W, Plekkenpol B, Gray TE et al. (1992) Review of fluvoxamine safety database. Drugs [Suppl 2] 43: 48–54
Wakelin JS (1986) Fluvoxamine in the treatment of the older depressed patient; double-blind, placebo-controlled data. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1: 221–230
Walsh BT (1991) Fluoxetine treatment of bulimia nervosa. J Psychosom Res [Suppl] 35: 33–40
Warnecke G (1986) Depressive Zustandsbilder in der gynäkologischen Praxis. Z Allg Med 62: 747–750
Warnock JK, Knesevich JW (1988) Adverse cutaneous reactions to antidepressants. Am J Psychiatry 145: 425–430
Warrington SJ, Ankier SI, Turner P (1984) An evaluation of possible interactions between ethanol and trazodon or amitriptyline. Br J Clin Pharmacol 18: 549–557
Warrington SJ, Dana-Haeri J, Sinclair AJ (1989) Cardiovascular and psychomotor effects of repeated doses of paroxetine: a comparison with amitriptyline and placebo in healthy men. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppll 80: 42–44
Weber E (Hrsg) (1991) Taschenbuch der uner- wünschten Arzneiwirkungen. Fischer, Stuttgart
Weilburg JB, Rosenbaum JF, Biederman J, Sachs GS, Pollack MH, Kelly K (1989) Fluoxetine added to non-MAO antidepressants converts nonresponders to responders. J Clin Psychiatry 50: 447–449
Wells BG, Gelenberg AJ (1981) Chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects and efficacy of the antidepressant maprotiline hydrochloride. Pharmacotherapy 1: 121–142
Welner J (1972) Eine internationale multizentrische Doppelblindprüfung eines neuen Antidepressivums. In: KIELHOLZ P (Hrsg) Depressive Zustände. Huber, Bern Stuttgart Wien, S 151–163
Wernicke JF (1985) The side effect profile and safety of fluoxetine. J Clin Psychiatry 46: 59–67
Wernicke JF, Bremner JD (1986) Fluoxetine effective in the long term treatment of depression. Br J Clin Pract [Suppll 46: 17–23
Wernicke JF, Dunlop SR, Dornseif BE, Zerbe RL (1987) Fixed-dose fluoxetine therapy for de- pression. Psychopharmacol Bull 23: 164–168
Wester HA (1982) Rechnergestützte vergleichende Echokardiographieuntersuchung zur Frage der negativ inotropen Wirkung von Viloxazin und Amitriptylin. Therapiewoche 32: 3806–3810
Wheatley D (1974) Viloxazine — a new antidepressant. Curr Ther Res 16: 821–823
White K, Keck PE, Lipinski J (1986) Serotoninuptake inhibitors in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a case report. Compr Psychiatry 27: 211–214
White K, Wykoff W, Tynes LL, Schneider L, Zemansky M (1990) Fluvoxamine in the treatment of tricyclic-resistant depression. Psychiatr J Univ Ottawa 15: 156–158
Wiedemann K, Holsboer F (1991) Serotoninerge ZNS-Regulation bei affektiven Erkrankungen — ausgewählte Beispiele aus der Grundlagenforschung. In: Laakmann G (Hrsg) Selektive Re-uptake-Hemmung und ihre Bedeutung für die Depression. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, S 53–67
Wilcox JA (1987) Abuse of fluoxetine by a patient with anorexia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry 144: 1100
Williams R, Edwards RA, Newburn GM, Mullen R, Menkes DB, Segkar C (1993) A double-blind comparison of moclobemide and fluoxetine in the treatment of depressive disorders. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 7: 155–158
Wirz-Justice A, Velde P, Bucher A, Nil R (1992) Comparison of light treatment with citalopram in winter depression: a longitudinal single case study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 7: 109–116
Woggon B (1987) Somatische Therapien: Psychopharmakotherapie affektiver Psychosen. In: Kisker KP, Lauter H, Meyer JE, Müller C, Strömgren E (Hrsg) Psychiatrie der Gegen- wart, Bd 5. Affektive Psychosen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, S 273–325
Wolfersdorf M, Keller F, Steiner B, Hautzinger M, Hole G (1990) Psychosoziale Faktoren als Risiko für Therapieresistenz auf Antidepressiva. In: Möller HJ (Hrsg) Therapieresistenz unter Antidepressiva-Behandlung. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, S191–215
Yazici O, Aricioglu F, Gürvit G, Ücok A, Tasta-Ban Y, Canberk O, Ozgüroglu M, Durat T, Sahin D (1993) Noradrenergic and serotonin- ergic depression? J Affect Disord 27: 123–129
Young JPR, Coleman A, Lader MH (1987) A controlled comparison of fluoxetine and amitriptyline in depressed out-patients. Br J Psychiatry 151: 337–340
Zajecka J, Fawcett J, Schaff M, Jeffriess H, Guy C (1991) The role of serotonin in sexual dysfunction: fluoxetine-associated orgasm dysfunction. J Clin Psychiatry 52: 66–68
Zimmermann U, Wolfersdorf M (1993) Zum Stand der Erhaltungstherapie mit Antidepressiva. TW Neurologie Psychiatrie 7: 13–19
Abt K (1984) Controlled studies of lofepramine vs. imipramine and amitriptyline: combination of the results. Int Med [Suppl] 10: 15–21
Cording-Tommel C, Zerssen D (1982) Mianserin and maprotiline as compared to amitriptyline in severe endogenous depression. A new methodological approach to the clinical evaluation of the efficacy of antidepressants. Pharmacopsychiatry 15: 197–204
Fuger J (1991) Wirksamkeit neuer Antidepressiva. Statistische Metaanalyse der Wirksamkeit der neuen Antidepressiva im Vergleich mit Imipramin. Kovac, Hamburg
Glass GV, Mcgaw B, smith ML (1981) Meta-analysis in social research. Sage Publications, London
Haug G (1991) Statistische Sekundär-und Meta-analyse über die Effektivität der neuen nichttrizyklischen Antidepressiva anhand einer literarischen Übersicht. Dissertation, München
Huitfeldt B, Montgomery SA (1983) Comparison between zimelidine and amitriptyline of efficacy and adverse symptoms — a combined analysis of four British clinical trials in depres- sion. Acta Psychiatr Scand [Suppl 308] 68: 55–69
Möller HJ, Haug G (1988) Secondary and meta-analysis of the efficacy on non-tricyclic antidepressants. Pharmacopsychiatry 21: 363–364
Möller HJ, Fuger J, Kasper S (1993) Efficacy of new generation antidepressants: statistical metaanalysis of imipramine-controlled studies. Pharmacopsychiatry (in press)
Overall JE (1973) Combining information from multiple independent drug trials. Psychometric Laboratory Reports 33: 1–15
Prioleau L, Murdock M, brody N (1983) An analysis of psychotherapy versus placebo studies. Behav Brain Sci 2: 275–310
Woggon B, Angst J (1978) Grundlagen und Richtlinien für erste klinische Psychopharma- kaprüfungen ( Phase I, II) aus der Sicht des klinischen Prüfers. Arzneimittelforschung 28: 1257–1259
Becker AL (1971) A new adjunct to the treatment and management of depression. Intravenous infusion of chlorimipramine. S Afr Med J 45: 168–170
Bergener M, Hausberg G, Hesse CH et al. (1984) Zur Problematik der Therapieforschung in der Gerontopsychiatrie: Anwendung von Maprotilin bei depressiven Zuständen im höheren Lebensalter. In: Kielholz P, Adams C (Hrsg) Tropfinfusionen in der Depressionsbehandlung. Thieme, Stuttgart, S 76–89
Bieber H, Kugler J (1969) Die Behandlung von depressiven Kranken mit Clomipramin-Infusionen. Arch Psychiat Nervenkr 212: 329–338
Bobon D, Gernay P, Lejeune J (1985) Efficacité et tolérance de perfusions de viloxazine dans la dépression. Psychol Med 17: 455–461
Boning J (1984) Nebenwirkungen und Anti-depressiva unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Behandlung mit Tropfinfusionen. In: Kielholz P, Adams C (Hrsg) Tropfinfusionen in der Depressionsbehandlung. Thieme, Stuttgart, S 116–129
Charbonnier JF, Reboul P, Roug’ier M, Aubin B, Chassaing JL, Philippe P, Plancke R, Hpfner Petersen HE (1987) Citalopram. Etude ouverte d’un inhibiteur trés sélectif du captage, de la sértotonine, administré en perfusion à des patients déprimés. L’Encéphale 19: 249–254
Chauvot B, Pascalis G (1979) Un antidépresseur par voie intraveineuse: la clomipramine. Resultats sur 150 cas. Dimension psychologique de la voie intraveineuse. Psychol Med (Paris) 11: 2003–2013
Cocco G, Ague C, Strozzi C (1978) Effetti emodinamici ed elettrocardiografici causati dall’ infusione endovenosa di un antidepressivo triciclico ( Dibenzepina ). Minerva Med 69: 301–309
Collins GH (1970) Intravenous clomipramine in the treatment of severe depression. Br J Psychiatry 117: 211–212
Dillier N (1982) Worldwide clinical experience with Ludiomil. Activ Nery Sup 24: 40–48
Escobar JI, Flemenbaum A, Schiele BC (1973) Chlorimipramine — a double-blind comparison of intravenous versus oral administration in depressed patients. Psychopharmacologia 33: 111–116
Faravelli C, Broadhurst AD, Ambonetti A, Ballerini A, Biase L (1983) Double-blind trial with oral versus intravenous clomipramine in primary depression. Biol Psychiatry 18: 695–706
Gastpar M (1982) Wirkung und Verträglichkeit von Langzeit-Infusionen bei depressiven Patienten am Beispiel des Dibenzepins. In: KIELHOLZ P, ADAMS C (Hrsg) Antidepressive Infusionstherapie. Thieme, Stuttgart, S 53–58
Gastpar M (1984) Efficacy and tolerability of dibenzepin administered by intravenous drip infusion to severely depressed patients. Neuropsychobiology 11: 44–48
Gastpar M, Gilsdorf U, Baumann P (1986) Comparison of oral and intravenous treatment of depressive states: preliminary results of a WHO collaborative study. Clin Neuropharmacol 9: 434 436
Hartl O, Dejaco R, Friedl H et al. (1972) EKG-Veränderungen unter Infusionsbehandlung mit trizyklischen Antidepressiva. Pharmakopsychiatry 5: 20–25
Hordern A, Seldrup J, Bartrop R et al. (1979) Intravenous clomipramine. Any real advantage? J Pharmacother 11: 115–121
Houdiard C (1979) Antidépresseur ou utilisation de la méthode du double aveugle pour comparer les effets de l’administration par perfusion veineuse de la clomipramine et d’un placebo. Thesis, Dijon
Jungkunz G, Kuss HJ, Dieterle D (1984) Vergleich der Infusionsbehandlung mit der peroralen Applikation von Clomipramin bei endogen depressiven Patienten — Eine Doppelblindstudie mit Plasmaspiegelbestimmungen. In: Kielholz P, Adams C (Hrsg) Antidepressive Infusionstherapie. Thieme, Stuttgart, S 38–53
Kielholz P, Adams C (Hrsg) (1982) Antidepressive Infusionstherapie. Thieme, Stuttgart
Kielholz P, Adams C (Hrsg) (1984) Tropfinfusionen in der Depressionsbehandlung. Thieme, Stuttgart
Kielholz P et al. (1981) Behandlung therapieresistenter Depressionen ohne Elektroschock. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 106: 671–673
Kissling W, Möller HJ, Lauter H et al. (1985) Doubleblind comparison of intravenous versus oral maprotiline. Antidepressant activity, plasma levels, side-effects. Pharmacopsychiatry 15: 96–97
Laux G (1983a) Die sogenannte therapieresistente Depression. In: Faust V, Hole G (Hrsg) Depressionen. Hippokrates, Stuttgart, S 270–278
Laux G (1983b) Drip infusion therapy with clomipramine and maprotiline or the combination of both preparations. Vortrag VII. Weltkongreß für Psychiatrie, Wien (Abstract No.F 643 )
Laux G (1984) Aktueller Stand der Infusionstherapie mit Antidepressiva in der Psychiatrischen Klinik. Psychologische Aspekte der antidepressiven Infusionstherapie. In: Wolfersdorf M, Straub R, Hole G (Hrsg) Depressiv Kranke in der Psychiatrischen Klinik. Ro-derer, Regensburg, S 160–170, 196–200
Laux G, Reimer F (1979) Behandlung therapieresistenter Depressionen mit hochdosierten Clomipramin-Infusionen. Int Pharmacopsychiatr 14: 294–299
Laux G, König W (1992) Infusionstherapie bei Depressionen. Ein Leitfaden für Klinik und Praxis. Hippokrates, Stuttgart
Laux G, König W, Lesch KP, Stein A (1989) Intravenöse versus orale Behandlung endogen depressiver Patienten mit Doxepin — Eine Doppelblindstudie mit Plasmaspiegelbestimmungen. Wien Med Wochenschr 139: 525529
Moron P, Parant-Lucena N, Jarrige A (1981) Essai thérapeutique de la viloxazine injectable. Psychol Méd 13: 1831–1835
Ohayon M, Poinso Y (1985) Des conclusions surprenantes d’une étude en double insu viloxazine iv/cp. Actualités Psychiat 15: 86–95
Poldinger W (1993) Zur Infusionsbehandlung depressiver Kranker unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Citalopram. Der Praktische Arzt 47: 52–62
Pollock BG, Perel JM, Shostak M (1985) Rapid achievement of antidepressant effect with intravenous chlorimipramine. N Engl J Med 312: 11–30
Pollock B Perel JM, Schostak M, Antelman SM, Brandom B, Kupfer DJ (1986) Understanding the response lag to tricyclics. I. Application of pulse-loading regimens with intravenous clomipramine. Psychopharmacol Bull 22: 214–219
Pollock BG, Perel JM, Nathan RS, Kupfer DJ (1989) Acute antidepressant effect following pulse loading with intravenous and oral clomipramine. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46: 29–35
Schöny W (1992) Die Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit von Citalopram im Vergleich von parenteraler und oraler Verabreichung. Neuropsychiatrie 6: 65–71
Brunt N (1983) The clinical utility of tricyclic antidepressant blood levels: a review of the literature. Ther Drug Monit 5: 1–10
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer-Verlag Wien
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Laux, G. et al. (1993). Nicht-trizyklische Antidepressiva. In: Riederer, P., Laux, G., Pöldinger, W. (eds) Neuro-Psychopharmaka. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-3317-0_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-3317-0_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna
Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-3318-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-3317-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive