Zusammenfassung
In den letzten beiden Dekaden haben Magersucht und insbesondere bulimische Eßstörungen allem Anschein nach beträchtlich an Häufigkeit zugenommen. Die Prävalenz liegt für Mädchen und Frauen im Risikoalter zwischen 15 und 35 Jahre für Magersucht bei 1% und für Bulimia nervosa bei 1-3%, je nach Festlegung der diagnostischen Kriterien (Szmukler 1985, Fairburn und Begun 1990). Beide Eßstörungen kommen ganz überwiegend, aber nicht ausschließlich, beim weiblichen Geschlecht vor — die Relation Frauen zu Männer beträgt etwa 12:1 (Fighter 1989). Nach den diagnostischen Kriterien nach DSM III-R (American Psychiatric Association 1987) ist Bulimia nervosa im wesentlichen definiert durch das Vorliegen wiederholter Episoden von „Freßanfällen“ (mindestens zweimal pro Woche über drei Monate), das Gefühl, das Eßverhalten während der „Freßanfälle” nicht in Kontrolle halten zu können, das Vorliegen von Maßnahmen, die einer Gewichtszunahme entgegensteuern (z.B. Erbrechen, Fasten, Diät) und eine andauernde übertriebene Beschäftigung mit Figur und Gewicht. Anorexia nervosa ist nach diesen Kriterien definiert durch ein Untergewicht von mindestens 15%, starker Angst vor Gewichtszunahme und dem Dickwerden, Körperschemastörungen und (bei Frauen) Amenorrhö.
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Fichter, M.M. (1993). Psychopharmakotherapie von Eßstörungen. In: Riederer, P., Laux, G., Pöldinger, W. (eds) Neuro-Psychopharmaka. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-3317-0_10
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