Abstract
The most important attempt to explain catalytic reactions and bimolecular reactions in general was made by Arrhenius in 1889. Arrhenius showed that the relation between the reaction velocity constant and the temperature could be expressed by the equation
in which A indicates the difference in energy between the active molecules and the average energy of all the molecules. The meaning of A is essentially the same as that held by Arrhenius but the meaning of B has undergone considerable change. Scheffer and Kohnstamm 1 assumed that in order to react the molecules had to go through an intermediate state characterized by a definite difference of energy from the average energy and a definite difference of entropy from the average entropy. On the basis of thermodynamic as well as kinetic considerations, they arrived at the following equation
where ε i -ε m and η i -η m represent the differences in energy and entropy in question. This formula was applied to experimental data and discussed in somewhat altered form in a later paper.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
F. E. C. Scheffer, P. Kohnstamm: Proc. Acad. Sci. Amsterdam 13 (1911), 799;
F. E. C. Scheffer, P. Kohnstamm: Proc. Acad. Sci. Amsterdam 15 (1915), 1109.
M. Kilpatrick: This Handbuch, volume II, p. 263f.
W. F. Brandsma: Recueil Trav. chim. Pays-Bas 47 (1928), 94.
J. Boeseken: Trans. Faraday Soc. 25 (1929), 611.
V. K. La Mer: J. chem. Physics 7 (1933), 289;
V. K. La Mer: J. Franklin Inst. 225 (1938), 709.
A. E. Lacomblé: Dissertation. Leiden, 1920.
H. Etring, M. Polanyi: Z. physik. Chem., Abt. B 12 (1931), 279.
H. Eyring: J. chem. Physics 2 (1934), 853.
W. F. K. Wynne-Jones, H. Eyring: J. chem. Physics 8 (1935), 492.
M. G. Evans, M. Polanyi: Trans. Faraday Soc. 32 (1936), 1333. — See also the articles of W. Jost and Mark-Simha in this volume.
A. E. Stearn, H. P. Johnston, C. R. Clark: J. chem. Physics 7 (1939), 970.
H. S. Taylor: J. physic. Chem. 27 (1923), 332.
R. Marcelin: Ann. Physique 3 (1915), 158.
R. H. Fowler: “Statistical Mechanics”. Cambridge: University Press, 1929.
E. A. Guggenheim, J. Weiss: Trans. Faraday Soc. 34 (1938), 57.
L. S. Kassel: Physic. Rev. 35 (1930), 261.
L. P. Hammett: Chem. Reviews 17 (1935), 125;
L. P. Hammett: Trans. Faraday Soc. 34 (1938), 156.
J. N. Bronsted, K. J. Pedersen: Z. physik. Chem. 108 (1924), 185.
M. Kilpatrick, M. L. Kilpatrtck: Chem. Reviews 10 (1932), 213.
K.J. Pedersen: Den Almindelige syre og Basekatalyse. Copenhagen, 1932.
R. P. Bell: Trans. Faraday Soc. 34 (1938), 229. — See for full reports Volume II of this Handbuch.
G. N. Burkhardt, W. G. K. Ford, E. Singleton: J. chem. Soc. (London) 1936, 17.
L. P. Hammett, H. L. Pfluger: J. Amer. chem. Soc. 55 (1933), 4079.
K. Kindler: Liebigs Ann. Chem. 450 (1926), 1;
K. Kindler: Liebigs Ann. Chem. 452 (1927), 90.
L. P. Hammett: J. Amer. chem. Soc. 59 (1937), 96.
M. Kilp Atrick, W. H. Mears, J.H. Elliott, M. Kilpatrick: Unpublished results.
L. J. Minnick, M. Kilpatrick: J. physic. Chem. 48 (1939), 259.
J.H. Elliott, M. Kilpatrick: Unpublished work.
W. B. S. Newling, C. N. Hinshelwood: J. chem. Soc. (London) 1936, 1357.
E.W. Timm, C. N. Hinshelwood: J. chem. Soc. (London) 1932, 862.
R. J. Hartman, A. M. Borders: J. Amer. chem. Soc. 59 (1937), 2107.
J. F. J. Dippy: J. chem. Soc. (London) 1936, 644.
H. Goldschmidt: Ber. dtsch. chem. Ges. 28 (1895), 3220.
R. J. Hartman, L. B. Storms, A. G. Gassmann: J. Amer. chem. Soc. 61 (1939), 2167.
J. H. Elliott, M. Kilpatrick: Unpublished results.
C. K. Ingold: J. chem. Soc. (London) 1930, 1375; 1931, 2170, 2179.
F. H. Westheimer, M. W. Shookhoff: J. Amer. chem. Soc. 62 (1940), 269.
J. G. Kirkwood, F. H. Westheimer: J. chem. Physics 6 (1938), 506, 513.
D. H. Everett, W. F. K. Wynne-Jones: Trans. Faraday Soc. 35 (1939), 1380.
D. D. Eley, M.G. Evans: Trans. Faraday Soc. 34 (1938), 1093.
E.W. Timm, C. N. Hinshelwood: J. chem. Soc. (London) 1939, 262.
R. J. Hartman, A. M. Borders: 1. c.
R. J. Hartman, L. B. Storms, A. G. Gassmann: 1. c.
H.A. Smith: J. Amer. ehem. Soc. 61 (1939), 1176
M. Kilpatrick: This Handbuch, Volume II, p. 249ff.
E.S. Barron: J. biol. Chemistry 97 (1932), 287.
O. Dimroth: Angew. Chem. 46 (1933), 571.
J. N. Brönsted, K. J. Pedersen: Z. physik. Chem. 108 (1924), 185.
J. Horiuti, M. Polanyi: Acta physicochim. USSR 2 (1935), 505.
R. P. Bell: Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), Ser. A 154 (1936), 414.
E. A. Guggenheim, J. Weiss: l. c.
E. A. Guggenheim: Trans. Faraday Soc. 38 (1937), 607.
W. F. K. Wynne-Jones, H. Eyeing: J. chem. Physics 3 (1935), 492.
E. A. Moelwyn-Hughes: Trans. Faraday Soc. 32 (1936), 1735.
M. G. Evans, M. Polanyi: Trans. Faraday Soc. 31 (1935), 875.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Additional information
Besonderer Hinweis
Dieses Kapitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieses Kapitel ist aus einem Buch, das in der Zeit vor 1945 erschienen ist und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1941 Springer-Verlag, OHG. in Vienna
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kilpatrick, M. (1941). Thermodynamic approach to catalysis. In: Bodenstein, M., et al. Allgemeines und Gaskatalyse. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-3208-1_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-3208-1_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna
Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-3172-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-3208-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive