Abstract
In the human organism, the respiratory function is involuntary and essential to life. At times, however, as in surgical operations using general anesthesia or as a result of respiratory insufficiency, the patient needs help breathing. In the first case, the general anesthesia completely stops the thoracic muscles and a mechanical ventilator is needed in order to force the oxygen-air mix into the patient’s lungs (volume control ventilators). In the second case, the patient is conscious and can breath spontaneously, but appropriate respiratory training is useful to increase his or her pulmonary efficiency (pressure control ventilators). The paper presents a prototype of a fully pneumatic gas-powered portable volume control ventilator, together with two types of ventilator tester which simulate breathing capacity and resistance of infants, children and adults. Specially developed software makes it possible to control and monitor all respiratory parameters. All prototypes performed well, demonstrating the feasibility of developing new breathing systems and testers.
Riassunto
Nel corpo umano la funzione respiratoria è un atto involontario indispensabile per la sopravvivenza dell’organismo. Tuttavia in interventi chirurgici oppure in insufficienze respiratorie, il paziente deve essere “aiutato a respirare” con appositi apparecchi medicali. Nel primo caso l’anestesia totale blocca completamente i muscoli toracici e quindi la macchina deve insufflare forzatamente nei polmoni una miscela di aria ed ossigeno (respiratori volumetrici). Nel secondo caso la persona è cosciente, e quindi respira ancora da sola, ma deve recuperare parte della sua capacità polmonare con un’adeguata “ginnastica respiratoria” (respiratori pressurimetrici). Il presente lavoro si propone di presentare il prototipo di un respiratore volumetrico portatile di emergenza completamente pneumatico e due modelli di tester per ventilatori. I tester per ventilatori simulano capacità e resistenze polmonari di neonati/bambini/adulti. Un software dedicato consente la verifica di ogni parametro respiratorio controllato. I risultati ottenuti sui prototipi qui presentati sono buoni e dimostrano l’efficienza di modelli innovativi.
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Belforte, G., Eula, G., Raparelli, T. (2004). Mechanical ventilators and ventilator testers. In: Pascolo, P.B. (eds) Biomechanics and Sports. CISM Courses and Lectures, vol 473. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2760-5_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2760-5_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna
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