Skip to main content

Uniaxial and Triaxial Creep and Failure Tests on Rock: Experimental Technique and Interpretation

  • Chapter
Book cover Visco-Plastic Behaviour of Geomaterials

Part of the book series: International Centre for Mechanical Sciences ((CISM,volume 350))

Abstract

Modern test equipment and experimental techniques for uniaxial and triaxial failure tests, deformation tests, and creep tests are shown with special emphasis on tests on soft rocks and on time effects. A large number of test results, mainly on rock salt, and their interpretation is given. Besides uniaxial and triaxial creep tests on cylinders, true triaxial tests on cubes and tension tests are also included. Determinaton of elastic constants, performance of stress drop and relaxation tests are presented as well. Emphasis is placed on the identification of the physical mechanisms for creep and fracture and on the determination of volume change.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • ALBRECHT, H. & U. HUNSCHE (1980): Gebirgsmechanische Aspekte bei der Endlagerung radioaktiver Abfälle in Salzdiapiren unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Hießverhaltens von Steinsalz.- Fortschr. Miner., v. 58(2), 212–247. Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • ALBRECHT, H., HUNSCHE, U. & SCHULZE, O. (1993): Results from the application of the laboratory test program for mapping homogeneous parts in the Gorleben salt dome.Geotechnik-Sonderheft, 10. Nat. Felsmech. Symp., Aachen 1992, mit Beiträgen vom 7. Int. Felsmech. Kongress, Aachen 1991.- p. 152–155.

    Google Scholar 

  • AUBERTIN, M., D. E. GILL & B. LADANYI (1991): A unified viscoplastic model for the inelastic flow of alkali halides.- Mech. of Materials, v. 11, 63–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BLUM, W. (1984): On the evolution of the dislocation structure during work hardening and creep.- Scripta metall., v. 18, 1383.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BLUM, W. & C. FLEISCHMANN (1988): On the deformation mechanism map of rock salt.- In: The Mechanical Behavior of Salt II, Proc. of the Second Conf., Hannover (FRG) 1984; Editors: H. R. Hardy Jr. & M. Langer; p. 7–22. Trans Tech Publications, Clausthal.

    Google Scholar 

  • BLUM, W. & F. PSCHENITZKA (1976): Durchführung von Zug-, Druck-und Spannungsrelaxationsverfahren bei erhöhter Temperatur.- Z. Metallkunde, Bd. 67, Heft 1, 62–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • BRACE, W. F. (1964): Brittle fracture of rocks.- In State of Stress in the Earth’s Crust, Proc. of the Int. Conf., Santa Monica (USA) 1963; Editor: W. R. Judd, p. 111–178. Am. Elsevier, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • CARTER, N. L. & F. D. HANSEN (1983): Creep of rocksalt.- Tectonophys., v. 92, 275–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CARTER, N. L., S. T. HORSEMAN, J. E. RUSSELL & J. HANDIN (1993): Rheology of rocksalt.- J. Structural Geology, v. 15, 1257–1271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CARMICHAEL, R. S. ( 1982, 1984): CRC, Handbook of physical properties of rocks.-Vol. 1 & 2 (1982), Vol. 3 ( 1984 ). CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla.

    Google Scholar 

  • CLARK Jr., S. P. (1966): Handbook of Physical Constants.- Geol. Soc. of Am., Memoir 97. New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • CRISTESCU, N. (1989): Rock Rheology.- 336 p., Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • CRISTESCU, N. (1993): Constitutive equation for rock salt and mining application.- In: H. Kakihana, H. R. Hardy, Jr., T. Hoshi, & K. Toyokura (Editors), Proc. Seventh Symp. on Salt, Kyoto (Japan) 1992, v. I, p. 105–115, Elsevier, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • CRISTESCU, N. (1994): Viscoplasticity of geomaterials.- In: Time-dependent behaviour of geomaterials. CISM-course, Udine. Springer, Wien. (This volume )

    Google Scholar 

  • CRISTESCU, N. & U. HUNSCHE (1992): Determination of a nonassociated constitutive equation for rock salt from experiments.- In: Finite Inelastic Deformations–Theory and Applications, Proc. IUTAM-Symposium Hannover, Germany 1991; Editors: D. Besdo & E. Stein; p. 511–523. Springer, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • CRISTESCU, N. & U. HUNSCHE (1993a): A constitutive equation for salt.- In: Proc. 7. Int. Congr. on Rock Mech., Workshop on Rock Salt Mech., Aachen, Sept. 1991, v. 3, p. 1821–1830. Balkema, Rotterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • CRISTESCU, N. & HUNSCHE, U. (1993b): A comprehensive constitutive equation for rock salt: determination and application.- In: The Mechanical Behavior of Salt III, Proc. of the Third Conf., Palaiseau (France) 1993.- Clausthal (Trans Tech Publications). (in press.)

    Google Scholar 

  • DREYER, W. (1972): The Science of Rock Mechanics. Part 1: The Strength Properties of Rocks.- 501 p., Trans Tech Publications, Clausthal.

    Google Scholar 

  • EGGELER, G. & W. BLUM (1981): Coarsening of the dislocation structure after stress reduction during creep of NaC1 single crystals.- Philos. Mag., A44, 1065–1084.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • FROST, H. J. & M. F. ASHBY (1982): Deformation-Mechanism Maps. The Plasticy and Creep of Metals and Ceramics.- 164 p., Pergamon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • GEISLER, G. (1985): Entwicklung einer Präzisionsapparatur zur Messung des Kriechverhaltens von Steinsalzproben.- Dissertation, 123 p., Universität Hannover.

    Google Scholar 

  • GEVANTMAN, L. H. (1981): Physical Properties Data for Rock Salt.- NBS Monograph 167, 282 p., U.S. Department of Commerce/National Bureau of Standards.

    Google Scholar 

  • HARDY Jr., H. R. & M. LANGER (1984): The Mechanical Behavior of Salt.- Series on Rock and Soil Mechanics, v. 4. Proc. of the First Conf., University Park (USA) 1981. 901 p., Trans Tech Publications, Clausthal.

    Google Scholar 

  • HARDY Jr., H. R. & M. LANGER (1988): The Mechanical Behavior of Salt II.- Series on Rock and Soil Mechanics, v. 14. Proc. of the Second Conf., Hannover (FRG) 1984. 781 p., Trans Tech Publications, Clausthal.

    Google Scholar 

  • HAUPT, M. (1988): Entwicklung eines Stoffgesetzes für Steinsalz auf der Basis von Kriech-und Relaxationsversuchen.- Dissertation. Veröffentlichungen des Inst. für Bodenmech. u. Felsmech. der Univ. Karlsruhe (Germany). Editors: G. Gudehus & O. Natau; Heft 110, 138 p., Karlsruhe.

    Google Scholar 

  • HERTZBERG, R.W. (1983): Deformation and fracture mechanics of engineering materials.- 697 p., John Wiley & Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • HEEMANN, U. (1989): Transientes Kriechen und Kriechbruch im Steinsalz.- Dissertation, Univ. Hannover. Forschungs-und Seminarberichte aus dem Bereich der Mechanik der Universität Hannover. 102 p., Bericht-Nr. F 89 /3.

    Google Scholar 

  • HUNSCHE, U. (1978): Modellrechnungen zur Entstehung von Salzstockfamilien.- Geol. Jb., E 12, p. 53–107. Hannover.

    Google Scholar 

  • HUNSCHE, U. (1988): Measurements of creep in rock salt at small strain rates.- In: The Mechanical Behavior of Salt II, Proc. of the Second Conf., Hannover (FRG) 1984; Editors: H. R. Hardy Jr. & M. Langer; p. 187–196. Trans Tech Publications, Clausthal.

    Google Scholar 

  • HUNSCHE, U. (1992): True triaxial failure tests on cubic rock salt samples–experimental methods and results. In: Finite Inelastic Deformations — Theory and Applications, Proc. IUTAM-Symposium Hannover, Germany 1991; Editors: D. Besdo & E. Stein; p. 525–536. Springer, Berlin.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • HUNSCHE, U. (1993): Failure behaviour of rock salt around underground cavities. In: H. Kakihana, H. R. Hardy Jr., T. Hoshi, & K. Toyokura (Editors), Proc. Seventh Symp. on Salt, Kyoto (Japan). April 1992, v. I, p. 59–65, Elsevier, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • HUNSCHE, U. & H. ALBRECHT (1990): Results of true triaxial strength tests on rock salt.- Engineering Fracture Mechanics, v. 35, No. 4/5, 867–877.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • HUNSCHE, U., I. PLISCHKE, H.-K. NIPP & H. ALBRECHT (1985): An in situ creep experiment using a large rock salt pillar. In: Proc. Sixth Int. Symp. on Salt, Toronto 1983; Editors: HUNSCHE, U., I. PLISCHKE, H.-K. NIPP & H. ALBRECHT, p. 437–454. Alexandria (USA) (The Salt Institute).

    Google Scholar 

  • HUNSCHE, U. & O. SCHULZE (1993): Effect of humidity and confining pressure on creep of rock salt.- In: The Mechanical Behavior of Salt III, Proc. of the Third Conf., Palaiseau (France) 1993. Trans Tech Publications, Clausthal (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • HUNSCHE, U., G. MINGERZAHN & O. SCHULZE (1993): The influence of textural parameters and mineralogical compostion on the creep behavior of rock salt. In: The Mechanical Behavior of Salt III, Proc. of the Third Conf., Palaiseau (France) 1993. Trans Tech Publications, Clausthal (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • ILSCHNER, B. (1973): Hochtemperatur-Plastizität.- 314 p., Springer, Berlin.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • JAEGER, J. C. & N. G. W. COOK (1979): Fundamentals of rock mechanics.- 593 p., Chapman and Hall, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • JUMIKIS, A. R. (1983): Rock Mechanics.- 613 p., Trans Tech Publications, Clausthal.

    Google Scholar 

  • KLEPACZKO, J. R., G. GARY & P. BARBERIS (1991): Behaviour of rock salt in uniaxial compression at medium and high strain rates.- Arch. Mech., v. 43, 499–517.

    Google Scholar 

  • KRIEG, R. D. (1982): A unified creep-plasticity model for halite.- Special Technical Publ. 765, 139–147, ASTM, Philadelphia.

    Google Scholar 

  • LANDOLT-BOERNSTEIN (1982): Physikalische Eigenschaften der Gesteine.- Gruppe 5, Band 1, Teilband b. Editor: G. Angenheister. Springer, Heidelberg.

    Google Scholar 

  • LAMA, R & V. VUTUKURI (1974/78): Handbook on Mechanical Properties of Rocks - Testing Techniques and Results.- Vol. I, II, III, IV; 1746 p., Trans Tech Publications, Clausthal.

    Google Scholar 

  • LANGER, M. (1986): Rheology of rock-salt and its application for radioactive waste disposal purposes.- Proc. Int. Symp. on Engineering in Complex Rock Formations, Peking 1986.- p. 1–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • LLIBOUTRY, L. (1987): Very Slow Flows of Solids.- 510 p., Martinus Nijhoff Publ., Dordrecht.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • MECKING, H. & Y. ESTRIN (1987): Microstructure-related constitutive modelling of plastic deformation.- In: Proc. 8th Riso International Symposium of Metallurgy and Materials Science “Constitutive Relations and Their Physical Basis”, Risa National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark, 1987; Editors: S. I. Andersen et al.; p. 123–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • MENZEL, W. & W. SCHREINER (1977): Zum geomechanischen Verhalten von Steinsalz verschiedener Lagerstätten der DDR. Teil II: Das Verformungsverhalten.- Neue Bergbautechnik, v. 7 (8), 565–571.

    Google Scholar 

  • MUNSON, D. E. & P. R. DAWSON (1984): Salt constitutive modeling using mechnism maps.- In: The Mechanical Behavior of Salt, Proc. of the First Conf., University Park (USA) 1981; Editors: Hardy, H. R. Jr. & M. Langer; p. 717–737. Trans Tech Publications, Clausthal.

    Google Scholar 

  • MUNSON, D., A. FOSSUM & P. SENSENY (1989): Advances in resolution of discrepancies between predicted and measured in situ WIPP room closures.- SAND88–2948, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, USA (NM).

    Google Scholar 

  • PATERSON, M. S. (1978): Experimental Rock Deformation — The Brittle Field.- 254 p., Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • PLISCHKE, I. & U. HUNSCHE (1989): In situ-Kriechversuche unter kontrollierten Spannungsbedingungen an großen Steinsalzpfeilern.- In: Rock at Great Depth, Proc. ISRMSPE Int. Symp., Aug.- Sept. 1989, Pau (France); Editors: V. Maury & D. Fourmaintraux; vol. 1, p. 101–108. A.A.Balkema, Rotterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • POIRIER, J.-P. (1985): Creep of crystals. High-temperature deformation processes in metals, ceramics and minerals.- 260 p. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • SPIERS, C. J, P. M. SCHUTJENS, R. H. BRZESOWSKJ, C. J. PEACH, J. L. LIEZENBERG & H. J. ZWART (1990): Experimental determination of constitutive parameters governing creep of rocksalt by pressure solution.- In: Deformation Mechanisms, Rheology and Tectonics; Editors: Knipe, R. J. & E. H. Rutter; Geological Special Publication No. 54, p. 215–227.

    Google Scholar 

  • VAN SAMBECK, L., A. FOSSUM, G. CALLAHAN & J. RATIGAN (1993): Salt mechanics: Empirical and theoretical developments.- In: H. Kakihana, H. R. Hardy, Jr., T. Hoshi, K. Toyokura (Editors), Proc. Seventh Int. Symp on Salt, Kyoto (Japan). April 1992, v. I, p. 127–134. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • VOGLER, S. (1992): Kinetik der plastischen Verformung von natürlichem Steinsalz und ihre quantitative Beschreibung mit dem Verbundmodell.- Dissertation, 148 p., Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg.

    Google Scholar 

  • WALLNER, M. (1983): Stability calculations concerning a room and pillar design in rock salt.- In: Proc. 5th Int. Congr. on Rock Mechanics, Melbourne 1983, v. II, p. D9 - D15, A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • WAWERSIK, W. (1988): Alternatives to a power-law creep model for rock salt at temperatures below 160°C.- In: The Mechanical Behavior of Salt II, Proc. of the Second Conf., Hannover (FRG) 1984; Editors: H. R. Hardy Jr. & M. Langer; p. 103–128. Trans Tech Publications, Clausthal.

    Google Scholar 

  • WAWERSIK, W. & D. HANNUM (1980): Mechanical behavior of New Mexico rock salt in triaxial compression up to 200°C.- J. Geophys. Res., B85, 891–900.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • WAWERSIK, W., D. HANNUM & H. LAUSON (1980): Compression and extension data for dome salt from West Hackbury, Loisiana.- Sandia-Report SAND79–0668, 35 p., Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque NM, USA.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer-Verlag Wien

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hunsche, U. (1994). Uniaxial and Triaxial Creep and Failure Tests on Rock: Experimental Technique and Interpretation. In: Cristescu, N.D., Gioda, G. (eds) Visco-Plastic Behaviour of Geomaterials. International Centre for Mechanical Sciences, vol 350. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2710-0_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2710-0_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-211-82586-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-2710-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics