Skip to main content

Part of the book series: International Centre for Mechanical Sciences ((CISM,volume 357))

Abstract

Constitutive laws for unsaturated soils under nonisothermal conditions are presented in this Chapter. The development of the models is carried out in a progressive manner. First the Cam-clay constitutive law for saturated soils is briefly described. Using net stress and suction as independent stress variables, the Cam-clay model is generalized to include the effect of partial saturation. Some consequences of the model are reviewed and its prediction capabilities are tested in relation to some selected experimental results. Finally, the model is extended to include temperature effects. A suite of constitutive laws is therefore obtained capable of reproducing increasingly complex features of soil behaviour. Important advantages ensue from the fact that they can be regarded as progressive developments within a shared strain-hardening elasto-plastic framework.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Aitchison, G.D. and Donald, I.B.: Some preliminary studies of unsaturated soils. (b) Effective stresses in unsaturated soils, Proc. 2nd Austr.–N. Zealand Conf. Soil Mech. and Found. Engng., Christchurch, 1956, 192–199.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bishop, A.W. and Donald, I.B: The experimental study of partly saturated soils in the triaxial apparatus. Proc. 5th. Int. Conf. Soil Mech. and Found. Engng., 1961, 1, 13–21.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bishop, A.W. and Blight, G.E.: Some aspects of effective stress in saturated and partly saturated soils. Géotechnique, 13 (1963), 177–197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Burland, J.B.: Some aspects of the mechanical behaviour of partially saturated soils. Moisture Equilibria and Moisture Changes Beneath Covered Areas, Butterworths, Sydney 1965, 270–278.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Coleman, J.D.: Stress strain relations for partly saturated soil. Géotechnique, 12 (1962), 348–350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Matyas, E.L. and Radhakrishna, H.S.: Volume change characteristics of partially saturated soils. Géotechnique, 18 (1968), 432–448.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Fredlund, D.G. and Morgenstern, N.R.: Stress state variables for unsaturated soils. Jnl. of Geot. Eng. Div., ASCE, 103 (1977), 447–446.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Gens,A. and Potts, D.M.: Critical state models in computational geomechanics. Engineering Computations, 8 (1988), 178–197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Roscoe, K.H. and Schofield, A.N.: Mechanical behaviour of an idealised “wet” clay, Proc. 2nd Eur. Conf. Soil Mech. and Found. Engng., Wiesbaden, 1963, 1, 47–54.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Schofield, A.N. and Wroth, C.P.: Critical State Soil Mechanics, McGraw-Hill, London 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Roscoe, K.H. and Burland, J.B.: On the generalized stress-strain behaviour of “wet” clay in: Engineering Plasticity, Cambridge Univ. Press., 1968, 535–609.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Rendulic, L.: Relation between void ratio and effective principal stress for a remoulded silty clay, Proc. 1st Int. Conf. Soil Mech. and Found. Engng., Harvard, 1936, 3, 48–51.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Hvorslev, M.J.: Über die Festigkeitseigenschaften Gestörter, Bindiger Böden, Copenhagen 1937.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Henkel, D.J.: The relationship between the effective stresses and water content in saturated clays, Géotechnique, 10 (1960), 41–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Wroth, C.P. and Houlsby, G.T.: A critical state model for predicting the behaviour of clays. Proc. Workshop on Limit Eq., Plasticity and Gen. Stress-Strain in Geot. Eng,., Montreal, 1980, 592–627.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Houlsby, G.T., Wroth, C.P. and Wood, D.M.: Predictions of the results of laboratory tests on a clay using a critical state model. Proc. Int. Workkhop on Const. Beh. of Soils, Grenoble, 1982, 99–121.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Wroth, C.P. and Houlsby, G.T.: Soil mechanics-property characterization and analysis procedures, Proc. 11th Int. Conf. Soil Mech. and Found. Engng., San Francisco, 1985, 1, 1–55.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Alonso, E.E, Gens, A. and Josa, A.: A constitutive model for partially saturated soils. Géotechnique, 40 (1990), 405–430.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Lloret, A. and Alonso, E.E.: State surfaces for partially saturated soils. Proc. 11th Soil Mech. and Found. Engng., S. Francisco, 1985, 2, 557–562.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Blight, G.E.: A study of effective stress for volume change. Moisture Equilibria and Moisture Changes Beneath Covered Areas, Butterworths, Sydney 1965, 259–269.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Erol, O.A. and El-Ruwaih, I.A.: Collapse behaviour of desert loess. Proc. 4th Cong. Int. Assoc. Engng. Geol., 1982, 1, 443–448.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Maswoswe, J.: Stress path for a compacted soil during collapse due to wetting. PhD. Thesis. Imperial College. London 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Barden, L., Madedor, A.O. and Sides, G.R.: Volume change characteristics of unsaturated clays. Jnl. Soil Mech Found. Div., ASCE, 95 (1969), 33–51.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Josa, A., Alonso, E.E., Lloret, A. and Gens, A.: Stress-strain behaviour of partially saturated soils. Proc. 9th Europ. Conf. Soil Mech. and Found. Engng., Dublin, 1987, 2, 561–564.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Delage, P., Suraj de Silva, G.P.R. and De Laure, E.: Un nouvel appareil triaxial pour les sols nonsaturés. Proc. 9th Europ. Conf. Soil Mech. and Found. Engng., Dublin, 1987, 1, 25–28.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Karube, D.: New concept of effective stress in unsaturated soil and its proving tests. ASTM. Symp. on Advanced Triaxial Testing of Soil and Rock, STP 977, 1986, 539–552.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Gens, A.: Stress-strain and strength characteristics of a low plasticity clay. PhD. Thesis. London University 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Gens, A. and Potts, D.M.: Application of critical state soil models to the prediction of the behaviour of a normally consolidated low plasticity clay. Proc. 1st Int. Symp. Num. Mod. Geomech., Zurich, 1982, 312–323.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Campanella, R.G., and Mitchell, J.R.: Influence of temperature variations on soil behaviour. J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., ASCE, 94 (1968), 709–734.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Mitchell, J.K.: Fundamentals of soil behaviour. John Wiley and Sons, New York 1976. 31. Demars, K.R., and Charles, R.D.: Soil volume changes induced by temperature cycling. Can. Geotech. J., 19 (1982), 188–194.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Agar, J.G., Morgenstern, N.R. and Scott, J.D.: Thermal expansion and pore pressure generation in oil sands. Can. Geotech. J., 23 (1986), 327–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Hueckel, T. and Pellegrini, R.: Modelling of thermal failure of saturated clays in: Numerical Models in Geomechanics (St. Pietruszczak and G.N. Pande, eds.), Elsevier Publishers, New York 1989, 81–90.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Hueckel, T. and Baldi, G.: Thermoplasticity of saturated clays: Experimental Constitutive Study. Jnl. Geotech. Engng. ASCE, 116 (1990), 1778–1796.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Hueckel, T. and Borsetto, M.: Thermoplasticity of saturated soils and shales: Constitutive equations. Jnl. Geotech. Engng. ASCE, 116 (1990), 1765–1777.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Saix, C. et Jouanna, P.: Modelisation thermo-hydromécanique d’un sol par mèthode mixte. Canad. Geotechnical Jnl., 26 (1989), 418–426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Saix, C. et Jouanna, P. Appareil triaxial pour l’etude du comportement thermique des sols non saturés. Canad. Geotechnical Jnl. 27 (1990), 119–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Romero, E., Lloret, A. and Gens, A. (1995). Development of a new suction and temperature controlled oedometer cell. Proc. 1st. Int. Conf. on Unsaturated Soils, Paris, 1995 (in press).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1995 Springer-Verlag Wien

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gens, A. (1995). Constitutive Laws. In: Gens, A., Jouanna, P., Schrefler, B.A. (eds) Modern Issues in Non-Saturated Soils. International Centre for Mechanical Sciences, vol 357. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2692-9_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2692-9_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-211-82783-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-2692-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics