Abstract
The framework for development of conservation equations and constitutive relations describing the flow of two fluids in a porous medium from a macroscale perspective is provided. Theorems are employed that allow global integral equations to be localized at the porous medium scale. This is a more general approach than the traditional averaging of microscale point equations. Conservation equations for mass, momentum, energy and entropy for phases, interfaces, and common lines are obtained to provide a full description of two-phase flow in porous media. The entropy inequality is developed for the three-phase system. Because of interactions among the system components (i.e. phases, interfaces, and common lines), a single entropy inequality for the entire system, rather than inequalities for each phase, interface, and common line is employed in developing the constitutive theory. The macroscale internal energy is postulated to depend thermodynamically on the extensive properties of the system, and is then decomposed to provide energy dependences for each of the system components. These decomposed forms, along with the entropy inequality, lead to the conservation equations with constitutive approximations included. Final closure of the system of equations requires a variational analysis of the mechanical behavior of the subscale geometric structure. The resulting equations show that capillary pressure is a function of interphase area per unit volume as well as saturation. The equations currently used to model multiphase flow are shown to be very restricted forms of the more general equations.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Anderson, T. B., and R. Jackson, A fluid mechanical description of fluidized beds, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals, 6, 527–539 (1967).
Anderson, W. G., Wettability literature survey Part 4. Effects of wettability on capillary pressure, Journal of Petroleum Technology, 39, 1283–1300 (1987a).
Anderson, W. G., Wettability literature survey Part 5. Effects of wettability on relative permeability, Journal of Petroleum Technology, 39, 1453–1468 (1987b).
Avraam, D. G., and A. C. Payatakes, Generalized relative permeability coefficients during steady-state two-phase flow porous media, and correlation with the flow mechanisms, Transport in Porous Media, 20, 135–168 (1995).
Bachmat, Y., Spatial macroscopization of processes in heterogeneous systems, Israel Journal of Technology, 10 (5), 391–403 (1972).
Bailyn, M., A Survey of Thermodynamics, AIP Press, New York (1994).
Bennethum, L. S., Multiscale, hybrid mixture theory for swelling systems with interfaces, Center for Applied Mathematics Technical Report #259, Purdue University (1994).
Boruvka, L., and A. W. Neumann, Generalization of the classical theory of capillarity, Journal of Chemical Physics,66(12), 5464–5476 (June, 1977).
Boruvka, L., Y. Rotenberg, and A. W. Neumann, Free energy formulation of the theory of capillarity, Langmuir, 1 (1), 40–44 (1985).
Brooks, R. H. and A. T. Corey, Hydraulic properties of porous media, Hydrology Paper 3, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (1964).
Callen, H. B., Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics, 2nd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York (1985).
Celia, M. A., P. C. Reeves, and L. A. Ferrand, Recent advances in pore scale models for multiphase flow in porous media, Reviews of Geophysics, Supplement, 1049–1057 (1995).
Coleman, B. D., and W. Noll, The thermodynamics of elastic materials with heat conduction and viscosity, Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis, 13, 168–178 (1963).
Derjaguin, B. V., N. V. Churaev, and V. M. Muller, Surface Forces, Consultants Bureau, New York (1987).
Edlefsen, N. E., and A. B. C. Anderson, Thermodynamics of soil moisture, Hilgardia, 15, 312–398 (1943).
Eringen, A. C., Mechanics of Continua, 2nd Edition, Krieger Publishing, Huntington, NY (1980).
Gaydos, J., Y. Rotenberg, L. Boruvka, P. Chen, and A. W. Neumann, The generalized theory of capillarity, in Applied Surface Thermodynamics. (edited by A. W. Neumann and J. K. Spelt), Surfactant Science Series, 63, Marcel Dekk:.r, New York, 1–51 (1996).
Gray, W G., Thermodynamics and constitutive theory for multiphase porous-media flow considering internal geometric constraints, Advances in Water Resources (in press, 1998a)
Gray, W. G., Macroscale equilibrium conditions for two-phase flow in porous media, International Journal of Multiphase Flow (in review, 1998b ).
Gray, W. G., and S. M. Hassanizadeh, Averaging theorems and averaged equations for transport of interface properties in multiphase systems, International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 15 (1), 81–95 (1989).
Gray, W. G., and S. M. Hassanizadeh, Unsaturated flow theory including interfacial phenomena, Water Resources Research, 27 (8) 1855–1863 (1991).
Gray, W. G., and S. M. Hassanizadeh, Macroscale continuum mechanics for multiphase porous-media flow including phases, interfaces, common lines, and common points, Advances in Water Resources, 21, 261–281 (1998).
Gray, W. G., and P. C. Y. Lee, On the theorems for local volume averaging of multiphase systems, International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 3, 333–340 (1977).
Gray, W. G., A. Leijnse, R. L. Kolar, C. A. Blain, Mathematical Tools for Changing Spatial Scales in the Analysis of Physical Systems, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (1993).
Hassanizadeh, S. M., Macroscopic Description of Multi-Phase Systems: Thermodynamic Theory of Flow in Porous Media, Ph.D. dissertation, Princeton University, Department of Civil Engineering (1979).
Hassanizadeh, M., and W. G. Gray, General conservation equations for multi-phase systems, I. Averaging procedure, Advances in Water Resources, 2 (3), 131–144 (1979a).
Hassanizadeh, M., and W. G. Gray, General conservation equations for multi-phase systems, II. Mass, momenta, energy, and entropy equations, Advances in Water Resources, 2 (4), 191–203 (1979b).
Hassanizadeh, M., and W. G. Gray, General conservation equations for multi-phase systems, III. Constitutive theory for porous media flow, Advances in Water Resources, 3 (1), 25–40 (1980).
Hassanizadeh, S. M., and W. G. Gray, Mechanics and thermodynamics of multiphase flow in porous media including interface boundaries, Advances in Water Resources, 13 (4), 169–186 (1990).
Hassanizadeh, S. M., and W. G. Gray, Recent advances in theories of two-phase flow in porous media, in Fluid Transport in Porous Media (edited by R du Plessis) Advances in Fluid Mechanics Series, Computational Mechanics Publications, Southampton, 105–160 (1997).
Havercamp, R. and J. Y. Parlange, Prediction of water retention curve from particle size distribution 1. Sandy soils without organic matter, Soil Science, 142, 325–339 (1983).
Hirasaki, G. J., Thermodynamics of thin films and three-phase contact regions, in Interfacial Phenomena in Petroleum Recovery (edited by N. Morrow), Surfactant Science Series, 36, Marcel Dekker, New York, 23–75 (1991).
Kool, J. B. and J. C. Parker, Development and evaluation of closed-form expressions for hysteretic soil hydraulic properties, Water Resources Research, 23, 105–114 (1987).
Lenhard, R. J., J. C. Parker and S. Mishra, On the correspondence between Brooks-Corey and van Genuchten models, Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 115, 744–751 (1989).
Li, D., and A. W. Neumann, Thermodynamic status of contact angles, in Applied Surface Thermodynamics, (edited by A. W. Neumann and J. K. Spelt), Surfactant Science Series, 63, Marcel Dekker, New York, 109–168 (1996).
Liu, I.-S., Method of Lagrange multipliers for exploitation of the entropy principle, Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis, 46, 131–148 (1972).
Miller, C. A., and P. Neogi, Interfacial Phenomena, Marcel Dekker, New York (1985).
Moeckel, G. P., Thermodynamics of an interface, Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis, 57, 255–280 (1975).
Montemagno, C. D., and W. G. Gray, Photoluminescent volumetric imaging: A technique for the exploration of multiphase flow and transport in porous media, Geophysical Research Letters, 22 (4), 425–428 (1995).
Morrow, N. R., Physics and thermodynamics of capillary action in porous media, in Flow Through Porous Media, American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C., 103–128 (1970).
Müller, I., Extended Thermodynamics, Springer-Verlag, New York (1993).
Murad, M. A., L. S. Bennethum, and J. H. Cushman, A multi-scale theory of swelling porous media: I. Application to one-dimensional consolidation, Transport in Porous Media, 19, 93–122 (1995).
Reeves, P. C., and M. A. Celia, A functional relationship between capillary pressure, saturation, and interfacial area as revealed by a pore-scale network model, Water Resources Research, 32 (8), 2345–2358 (1996).
Russo, D., Determining soil hydraulic properties by parameter estimation: On the selection of a model for hydraulic properties, Water Resources Research, 24, 453–459 (1988).
Rose, W., Measuring transport coefficients necessary for the description of coupled two-phase flow of immiscible fluids in porous media, Transport in Porous Media, 3, 163–171 (1988).
Saripalli, K. P., H. Kim, P. S. C. Rao, and M. D. Annable, Use of interfacial tracers to measure immiscible fluid interfacial areas in porous media, Environmental Science and Technology, 31 (3), 932–936 (1996).
Slattery, J. C., Flow of viscoelastic fluids through porous media, American Institute of Chemical Engineers Journal, 3, 1066–1071 (1967).
Stankovich, J. M. and D. A. Lockington, Brooks-Corey and van Genuchten soil retention models, Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 121, 1–7 (1995).
Svendsen, B., and K. Hutter, On the thermodynamics of a mixture of isotropic viscous materials with kinematic constraints, International Journal of Engineering Science, 33, 20212054 (1995).
van Genuchten, M. T., A closed form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 44, 892–899 (1980).
Whitaker, S., Diffusion and dispersion in porous media, AIChE Journal, 13, 420–427 (1967).
Whitaker, S., Advances in theory of fluid motion in porous media, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 61 (12), 14–28 (1969).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer-Verlag Wien
About this paper
Cite this paper
Gray, W.G. (1999). Elements of a Systematic Procedure for the Derivation of Macroscale Conservation Equations for Multiphase Flow in Porous Media. In: Hutter, K., Wilmanski, K. (eds) Kinetic and Continuum Theories of Granular and Porous Media. International Centre for Mechanical Sciences, vol 400. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2494-9_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2494-9_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna
Print ISBN: 978-3-211-83146-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-2494-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive