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Non-centrosomal Microtubule Organization in Differentiated Cells

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Book cover The Microtubule Cytoskeleton

Abstract

The centrosome consists of a pair of centrioles surrounded by pericentriolar material. During the formation of the mitotic spindle, multi-protein complexes in the pericentriolar material are involved in the nucleation and anchorage of microtubules. In postmitotic cells of many tissues, proteins of the pericentriolar material lose their association with the centrosome and redistribute to various sites in the cytoplasm, to the cellular cortex, or to the nuclear surface. Consequently, the organization of the microtubule network is changed. Localization of centrosomal proteins and organization of microtubules follow cell type-specific patterns, to fulfill specialized functions. For example, in polarized epithelia, microtubules are involved in transcytosis and establishment of epithelial polarity, in neurons microtubules are necessary for axonal transport, or in muscle microtubules participate in the assembly of sarcomeres and in the positioning of nuclei. In this review, the principles of microtubule organization in different cell types will be described. The role of microtubules in muscle cells and the potential involvement of microtubule-dependent processes in muscular diseases will be documented in detail.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre de Biologie du Développement, Université Toulouse III, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France

    Vyacheslav Dyachuk, Christiane Bierkamp & Andreas Merdes

  2. Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

    Vyacheslav Dyachuk

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  1. Vyacheslav Dyachuk
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  2. Christiane Bierkamp
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Correspondence to Andreas Merdes .

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  1. The Barcelona Institute of Science and T, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (I, Barcelona, Spain

    Jens Lüders

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Dyachuk, V., Bierkamp, C., Merdes, A. (2016). Non-centrosomal Microtubule Organization in Differentiated Cells. In: Lüders, J. (eds) The Microtubule Cytoskeleton. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1903-7_2

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