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Spezifische Belastungsmuster des Alpinsports

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Alpin- und Höhenmedizin

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Zusammenfassung

Grundlage fast aller alpinen Sportarten ist das relativ starke Gefälle, das man im alpinen Bereich vorfindet. Neben dem Bergsteigen gibt es eine Vielzahl von Sportarten, die im alpinen Bereich betrieben werden. Bergwandern und Bergsteigen, Skifahren und Snowboarden, aber auch (wenn auch in einer abgeschwächten Form) Mountainbiking weisen eine bergsportspezifische Besonderheit auf: Während bei den Gegensportarten im flachen Gelände (z. B. Wandern oder Rennradfahren) die Hauptbelastungsform der großen Muskelgruppen in den Beinen vor allem konzentrischer Natur ist, ist bei den Bergsportarten neben der konzentrischen Belastungsform auch die exzentrische Belastungsform sehr stark vorhanden. Exzentrische Belastungen unterscheiden sich in vielerlei Hinsicht von konzentrischen Belastungen.Sportklettern zeichnet sich durch die besondere Bedeutung der Muskulatur der oberen Extremitäten, insbesondere der Fingerflexormuskulatur, aus.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Sportwissenschaft/ Bereich Sportmedizin, Universität Innsbruck, Fürstenweg 185, 6020, Innsbruck, Österreich

    M. Philippe

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. IFFB Sport- und Bewegungswissenschaften, Universität Salzburg, Kaprun, Salzburg, Austria

    Franz Berghold

  2. Europäische Akademie Bozen, Bruneck, Italy

    Hermann Brugger

  3. Universität Innsbruck, Thaur, Austria

    Martin Burtscher

  4. Klinische Abt. Lungenkrankheiten, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Austria

    Wolfgang Domej

  5. Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Gebirgsmedizin REGA, Lauterbrunnen, Switzerland

    Bruno Durrer

  6. Universität München, Martinsried, Germany

    Rainald Fischer

  7. Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

    Peter Paal

  8. Bayerische Bergwacht, Siegsdorf, Germany

    Wolfgang Schaffert

  9. UMIT Hall / TILAK Innsbruck, Institut für Sport-, Alpinmedizin und Gesundheitstourismus, Innsbruck, Austria

    Wolfgang Schobersberger

  10. Institut für Anästhesiologie und Intensi LKH Vöcklabruck, Vöcklabruck, Oberösterreich, Austria

    Günther Sumann

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Philippe, M. (2015). Spezifische Belastungsmuster des Alpinsports. In: Berghold, F., et al. Alpin- und Höhenmedizin. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1833-7_2

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