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Diagnostic Assessment

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Cerebral Visual Impairment in Children

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Abstract

Diagnostic assessment of CVI in children is an interdisciplinary task, which needs close cooperation between the disciplines of (neuro-)ophthalmology, neuropaediatrics, developmental neuropsychology, orthoptics as well as early intervention and special education specialists. Observations reported by parents, brothers and sisters and other reference persons about the child’s visually guided behaviour such as grasping for toys, visual exploration, fixation, responses to display of toys and other objects and play behaviour can provide significant indications concerning spared and affected visual capacities. In principle, it has to be acknowledged that when assessing children, who do not possess sufficient language competence and, therefore, cannot report or comment on what they can see and why vision is problematic, behaviour-based methods are used. Even for older children with CVI, it might be difficult to report in detail what they can see and can make out, in terms of useful vision. Language development may be delayed, and naming may be impaired because of semantic problems or because visual accuracy is (was) not sufficient to learn reliable associations between visual stimuli and their labels. Delayed language development may also make understanding of instruction and giving the proper verbal response difficult for the child. In these cases, behaviour-based assessment methods should be given preference. The reliable assessment of visual capacities, and their impairments, respectively, supposes at least sufficient cognitive, in particular attention, motor capacities and motivation, including visual curiosity. It is important to note that responses to visual stimuli, or performance in a visual task, which cannot be replicated, should not be taken for granted as contributing to a diagnosis.

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  1. Department of Psychology, LMU Munich, München, Germany

    Josef Zihl

  2. Department of Visual Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK

    Gordon N. Dutton

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Zihl, J., Dutton, G.N. (2015). Diagnostic Assessment. In: Cerebral Visual Impairment in Children. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1815-3_6

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