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Mechanosensing in Developing Lymphatic Vessels

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Book cover Developmental Aspects of the Lymphatic Vascular System

Part of the book series: Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology ((ADVSANAT,volume 214))

Abstract

The lymphatic vasculature is responsible for fluid homeostasis, transport of immune cells, inflammatory molecules, and dietary lipids. It is composed of a network of lymphatic capillaries that drain into collecting lymphatic vessels and ultimately bring fluid back to the blood circulation. Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) that line lymphatic capillaries present loose overlapping intercellular junctions and anchoring filaments that support fluid drainage. When interstitial fluid accumulates within tissues, the extracellular matrix (ECM) swells and pulls the anchoring filaments. This results in opening of the LEC junctions and permits interstitial fluid uptake. The absorbed fluid is then transported within collecting lymphatic vessels, which exhibit intraluminal valves that prevent lymph backflow and smooth muscle cells that sequentially contract to propel lymph.

Mechanotransduction involves translation of mechanical stimuli into biological responses. LECs have been shown to sense and respond to changes in ECM stiffness, fluid pressure-induced cell stretch, and fluid flow-induced shear stress. How these signals influence LEC function and lymphatic vessel growth can be investigated by using different mechanotransduction assays in vitro and to some extent in vivo.

In this chapter, we will focus on the mechanical forces that regulate lymphatic vessel expansion during embryonic development and possibly secondary lymphedema. In mouse embryos, it has been recently shown that the amount of interstitial fluid determines the extent of lymphatic vessel expansion via a mechanosensory complex formed by β1 integrin and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR3). This model might as well apply to secondary lymphedema.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany

    Lara Planas-Paz & Eckhard Lammert

  2. Paul-Langerhans-Group for Beta Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Auf’m Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany

    Eckhard Lammert

Authors
  1. Lara Planas-Paz
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  2. Eckhard Lammert
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Correspondence to Eckhard Lammert .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. MPI for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany

    Friedemann Kiefer

  2. Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Stefan Schulte-Merker

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Planas-Paz, L., Lammert, E. (2014). Mechanosensing in Developing Lymphatic Vessels. In: Kiefer, F., Schulte-Merker, S. (eds) Developmental Aspects of the Lymphatic Vascular System. Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology, vol 214. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1646-3_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1646-3_3

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