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Surveillance of Anabolic Abuse in Cattle: Suitability of Transcriptomic Technologies as Screening Tools

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Food Quality, Safety and Technology

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Abstract

The European Council Directive 23/96/EC requires the EU member States to adopt National Monitoring Plans to control the illegal use of growth promoters in beef cattle due to the potential risk for the consumers derived from the presence of hormones and drug residues. To elude official analytical controls based on the analytical residue detection, often new effective anabolic compounds are developed and used at very low doses, or several less effective are combined in growth-promoting cocktails. Anabolic steroids act on multiple organs and metabolic pathways either through primary interaction or secondary effects. Thus indirect approaches, based on the evaluation of perturbations of different biological systems, have been proposed to identify growth promoter-treated animals. Target organ histology, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have been explored as screening tools to address the confirmative analyses. Recently, the application of transcriptomics in toxicology has experienced an impressive growth leading to the foundation of a new discipline, toxicogenomics, increasingly applied to monitor the effects of xenobiotics in non-model species. This chapter reviews the application of transcriptomic technologies for the identification of gene markers for anabolic treatments not only in experimentally treated animals but also in beef cattle commercial samples collected at the slaughterhouse. Studies including the application of quantitative real-time PCR on selected candidate markers or more comprehensive approaches based on DNA microarray or RNA sequencing to obtain a whole transcriptome signature of the treatment were considered and their performances were discussed and compared.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, Italy

    Sara Pegolo & Clara Montesissa

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  1. Sara Pegolo
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  2. Clara Montesissa
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Correspondence to Sara Pegolo .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State Univeristy (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

    Giuseppina P. P. Lima

  2. Department of Chemical Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

    Fabio Vianello

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Pegolo, S., Montesissa, C. (2013). Surveillance of Anabolic Abuse in Cattle: Suitability of Transcriptomic Technologies as Screening Tools. In: Lima, G., Vianello, F. (eds) Food Quality, Safety and Technology. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1640-1_8

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