Abstract
The CNS control systems of the motor behavior reside in a very complex and highly organized network of neuronal circuits implying extremely numerous synaptic connections and interrelations among cortical and subcortical structures, allowing a very complex and refined integration of the motor activity in the global and adaptive behavior of each human being. This is mediated by a very complex biochemical and metabolic activity related to the synaptic and cellular activity, which in the same time explain at least partially the particular vulnerability of these neuronal networks’ activity to a great number of structural, biological, and even physical aggressive agents, which often are related not to primary neurological diseases but to systemic illnesses implying a multiorgan pathology (e.g., infective, immune-inflammatory, paraneoplastic, metabolic, endocrine, vascular, hematologic, toxic diseases). As clinical consequences, these types of lesions are often related to the appearance of many types of motor abnormalities alone but most often in association with other clinical neurological, psychiatric, and general clinical and biological modifications more or less suggestive for a specific etiology.
Keywords
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Alarcon F, Gimenez-Roldan S. Systemic diseases that cause movement disorders. Review. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2005;11:1–18.
Boisse L, Gill J, Power C. Neurological disorders associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. In: Schapira AHV, Byrne E, DiMauro S, Frackowiack RSJ, Johnson RT, Mizumo Y, Samuels MA, Silberstein SD, Wszolek ZK, editors. Neurology and clinical neuroscience. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier; 2007. p. 1261–72.
Jankovic J. Movement disorders. In: Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, editors. Bradley’s neurology in clinical practice. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2012. p. 1762–801.
Lees AJ. Odd and unusual movement disorders. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002;72 Suppl 1:117–21.
Brew BJ. HIV neurology. New York: Oxford University Press; 2001.
Nath A, Jankovic J, Pettigrew C. Movement disorders and AIDS. Neurology. 1987;37(1):37–41.
Mirsattari SM, Roke Berry ME, Holden JK, Ni W, Nath A, Power C. Paroxysmal dyskinesias in patients with HIV infection. Neurology. 1999;52(1):109–14.
Elder G, Sever JL. Neurologic disorders associated with AIDS retroviral infection. Rev Infect Dis. 1988;10(2):286–302.
Berger JR, Moskowitz L, Fisch L, Kelley RE. The neurologic complications of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Neurology. 1984;34 Suppl 1:134–5.
Metzer WS. Movement disorders with AIDS encephalopathy: case report. Neurology. 1987;37(8):1438.
Piccolo I, Causarano R, Sterzi R, Sberna M, Oreste PL, Maioli C, Caggese L, Girotti F. Chorea in patients with AIDS. Acta Neurol Scand. 1999;100(5):332–6.
Piccolo I, Sterzi R, Thiella G, Minazzi MS, Caraceni T. Sporadic choreas: analysis of a general hospital series. Eur Neurol. 1999;41(3):143–9.
Carranza EJ, Rossitch E, Samuels MA. Parkinsonian symptoms in a patient with AIDS and cerebral toxoplasmosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1989;52(12):1445–7.
Hirose G. Parkinsonism in a patient with AIDS. Intern Med. 2000;39(12):1006–7.
Maggi P, de Mari M, Moramarco A, Fiorentino G, Lamberti P, Angarano G. Parkinsonism in a patient with AIDS and cerebral opportunistic granulomatous lesions. Neurol Sci. 2000;21(3):173–6.
Mirsattari SM, Power C, Nath A. Parkinsonism with HIV infection. Mov Disord. 1998;13(4):684–9.
Factor SA, Troche-Panetto, Weaver SA. Dystonia in AIDS: report of four cases. Mov Disord. 2003;18(12):1492–8.
Kelly DV, Beique LC, Bowmer MI. Extrapyramidal symptoms with ritonavir/indinavir plus risperidone. Ann Pharmacother. 2002;36(5):827–30.
Abbruzzese G, Rizzo F, Dall’Agata D, Morandi N, Favale E. Generalized dystonia with bilateral striatal computed-tomographic lucencies in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Eur Neurol. 1990;30(5):271–3.
Kalita J, Misra UK. Markedly severe dystonia in Japanese encephalitis. Mov Disord. 2000;15(16):1168–72.
Misra UK, Kalita J. Prognosis of Japanese encephalitis patients with dystonia compared to those with Parkinsonian features only. Postgrad Med J. 2002;78(918):238–41.
Murgod UA, Muthane UB, Ravi V, Radhesh S, Desai A. Persistent movement disorders following Japanese encephalitis. Neurology. 2001;57(12):2313–5.
Pradhan S, Pandey N, Shashank S, Gupta RK, Mathur A. Parkinsonism due to predominant involvement of substantia nigra in Japanese encephalitis. Neurology. 1999;53(8):1781–6.
Kalita J, Das BK, Misra UK. SPECT studies of regional cerebral blood flow in 8 patients with Japanese encephalitis in subacute and chronic stage. Acta Neurol Scand. 1999;99(4):213–8.
Janavs JL, Aminoff MJ. Dystonia and chorea in acquired systemic diseases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1998;65(4):436–45.
Gollomp SM, Fahn S. Transient dystonia as a complication of varicella. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1987;50(9):1228–9.
Hargrave DR, Webb DW. Movement disorders in association with Herpes Simplex virus encephalitis in children: a review. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1998;40(9):640–2.
Verma A, Brozman B. Opsoclonus–myoclonus syndrome following Epstein-Barr virus infection. Review. Neurology. 2002;58(7):1131–2.
Ryan MM, Procopis PG, Ouvier RA. Influenza A encephalitis with movement disorders. Pediatr Neurol. 1999;21(3):669–73.
Dale RC, Church AJ, Benton S, Surtees RA, Lees A, Thompson EJ, Giovannoni G, Neville BG. Poststreptococcal autoimmune dystonia with isolated bilateral striatal necrosis. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2002;44(7):485–9.
Church AJ, Cardoso F, Dale RC, Lees AJ, Thompson EJ, Giovannoni G. Anti-basal ganglia antibodies in acute and persistent Sydenham’s chorea. Neurology. 2002;59(2):227–31.
Swedo SE. Sydenham’s chorea: a model for childhood autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders. JAMA. 1994;272(22):1788–91.
Cardoso F, Eduardo C, Silva AP, Mota CC. Chorea in fifty consecutive patients with rheumatic fever. Mov Disord. 1997;12(5):701–3.
Cardoso F, Vargas AP, Oliveira LD, Guerra AA, Amaral SV. Persistent Sydenham’s chorea. Mov Disord. 1999;14(5):805–7.
Murphy TK, Petitto JM, Voeller KK, Goodman WK. Obsessive compulsive disorder. Is there an association with childhood streptococcal infections and altered immune function? Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry. 2001;6(4):266–76.
Murphy TK, Goodman WK, Ayoub EM, Voeller KK. On defining Sydenham’s chorea: where do we draw the line? Biol Psychiatry. 2000;47(10):851–7.
Dale RC, Heyman I, Surtees RA, Church AJ, Giovannoni G, Goodman R, Neville BG. Dyskinesias and associated psychiatric disorders following streptococcal infections. Arch Dis Child. 2004;89(7):604–10.
Blocq P, Marinesco G. Sur un cas de tremblement parkinsonien hemiplegique symptomatique d’une tumeur du pedoncle cerebral. CR Soc Biol. 1893;5:105–11.
Brissaud E. Lecons sur les maladies nerveuses (Salpetriere 1893–1894). Paris: G. Masson; 1895. p. 469–501.
Alarcón F, Tolosa E, Muñoz E. Focal limb dystonia in a patient with a cerebellar mass. Arch Neurol. 2001;58(7):1125–7.
Tey HL, Seet RC, Lim EC. Tuberculomas causing cervical dystonia. Intern Med J. 2005;35(4):261–2.
Alarcon F, Duenas G, Cevallos N, Lees AJ. Movement disorders in 30 patients with tuberculous meningitis. Mov Disord. 2000;15(3):561–9.
Ashtekar CS, Jaspan T, Thomas D, Weston V, Gayatri NA, Whitehouse WP. Acute bilateral thalamic necrosis in a child with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2003;45(9):634–7.
Green C, Riley DE. Treatment of dystonia in striatal necrosis caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Pediatr Neurol. 2002;26(4):318–20.
Kumar A. Movement disorders in the tropics. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2002;9(2):69–75.
Sawhney IMS, Singh G, Lekhra OP, Mathuriya SN, Parihar PS, Prabhakar S. Uncommon presentations of neurocysticercosis. J Neurol Sci. 1998;154(1):94–100.
Aminoff MJ, Josephson A. Neurological complications of systemic disease: adults. In: Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, editors. Bradley’s neurology in clinical practice. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2012. p. 894–915.
Kwong KL, Chu R, Wong SN. Parkinsonism as unusual neurological complication in childhood systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2000;9(6):474–7.
Jankovic J, Patten BM. Blepharospasm and autoimmune diseases. Mov Disord. 1987;2(3):159–63.
Florance-Ryan N, Dalmau J. Update on anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis in children and adolescents. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2010;22(6):739–44.
Rosenfeld MR, Dalmau J. Cancer and the nervous system. Paraneoplastic disorders of the nervous system. In: Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, editors. Bradley’s neurology in clinical practice. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2012. p. 1200–10.
Panzer J, Dalmau J. Movement disorders in paraneoplastic and autoimmune disease. Curr Opin Neurol. 2011;24(4):346–53.
Chokroverty S, Avidan AY. Sleep and its disorders. In: Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, editors. Bradley’s neurology in clinical practice. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2012. p. 1634–702.
Hamati AI. Neurological complications of systemic disease: children. In: Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, editors. Bradley’s neurology in clinical practice. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2012. p. 916–30.
Jeren-Strujić B, Jeren T, Thaller N, Zivković Z, Raos V. A case of McLeod syndrome with chronic renal failure. Blood Purif. 1998;16(6):336–40.
Jimenez-Jimenez FJ, Burguera JA, Catalan MJ, Vazquez A, Vaamonde J, Vela-Desajo L, Martınez-Martin P, Balseiro J, Pondo-Sordo M, Domingo J, Garcıa-Ruiz PJ, Munoz-Vazquez A, Molina JA, Ceballos-Hernansont MA, Arcaya J, Duarte J. Delayed onset dystonia in patients with antecedents of perinatal asphyxia. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 1997;3(1):21–5.
Burke RE, Fahn S, Gold AP. Delayed-onset dystonia in patients with “static” encephalopathy. JNNP. 1980;43(9):789–97.
Roland EH, Poskitt K, Rodriguez E, Lupton BA, Hill A. Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic thalamic injury: clinical features and neuroimaging. Ann Neurol. 1998;44(2):161–6.
Carpenter MB. Athetosis and the basal ganglia. Arch Neurol Psychiatry. 1950;63(6):875–901.
Dalvi A, Lyons KE, Pahwa R. Secondary dystonia. In: Stacy MA, editor. Handbook of dystonia. 2nd ed. London: Informa Healthcare; 2012. p. 251–75.
Kupsky WJ, Drozd MA, Barlow CF. Selective injury of the globus pallidus in children with post-cardiac surgery choreic syndrome. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1995;37(2):135–44.
Alarcon F, Zijlmans JCM, Duenas G, Cevallos N. Post-stroke movement disorders: report of 56 patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75(11):1568–740.
Siniscalchi A, Gallelli L, Di Benedetto O, De Sarro G. Asterixis as a presentation of cerebellar ischemic stroke. West J Emerg Med. 2012;13(6):507–8.
Mejia NI, Jankovic J. Secondary tics and tourettism. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2005;27(1):11–7.
Kwak CH, Jankovic J. Tourettism and dystonia after subcortical stroke. Mov Disord. 2002;17(4):821–5.
Lockwood AH. Toxic and metabolic encephalopathies. In: Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, editors. Bradley’s neurology in clinical practice. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2012. p. 1321–39.
Cadranel JF, Lebiez E, Di Martino V, Bernard B, El Koury S, Tourbah A, Pidoux B, Valla D, Opolon P. Focal neurological signs in hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients: an underestimated entity? Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;96(2):515–8.
Thobois S, Giraud P, Debat P, Maurizi A, Pret-Liaudet A, Kopp NB, Rusolle E. Orofacial dyskinesias in a patient with primary biliary cirrhosis: clinicopathological case report and review. Mov Disord. 2002;17(2):415–9.
Demarquay G, Setiey A, Morel Y, Trepo C, Chazot G, Broussolle E. Clinical report of three patients with hereditary hemochromatosis and movement disorders. Review. Mov Disord. 2000;15(6):1204–9.
Federico P, Zochodne DW. Reversible Parkinsonism and hyperammonemia associated with portal vein thrombosis. Acta Neurol Scand. 2001;103(3):198–200.
Ropper AH, Samuels MA. Adams and Victor’s principles of neurology. 9th ed. New York: McGrawHill Medical; 2009. p. 1081–107. Chapter 40, The acquired metabolic disorders of the nervous system.
Bajenaru O. Osmotic demyelination syndromes. In: Lisak RP, Truong DD, Carroll WM, Bhidayasiri R, editors. International neurology. A clinical approach. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell; 2009. p. 386–9.
de Souza A. Movement disorders and the osmotic demyelination syndrome. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2013;19(8):709–16.
Wu CL, Lu CS. Delayed-onset dystonia following recovery from central pontine myelinolysis. J Formos Med Assoc. 1992;91(10):1013–6.
Maraganore DM, Folger WN, Swanson JW, Ahlskog JE. Movement disorders as sequelae of central pontine myelinolysis: report of three cases. Mov Disord. 1992;7(2):142–8.
Tison FX, Ferrer X, Julien J. Delayed onset movement disorders as a complication of central pontine myelinolysis. Mov Disord. 1991;6(2):171–3.
Seah AB, Chan LL, Wong MC, Tan EK. Evolving spectrum of movement disorders in extrapontine and central pontine myelinolysis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2002;9(2):117–9.
So YT, Simon RP. Deficiency diseases of the nervous system. In: Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, editors. Bradley’s neurology in clinical practice. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2012. p. 1340–52.
Powell LW. Hemochromatosis. In: Longo DL, Kasper DS, Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Loscalzo J, editors. Harrison’s principles of internal medicine. 18th ed. New York: McGrawHill Medical; 2012. p. 3162–7.
Ahlskog JE, Nishino H, Evidente VGH, Tulloch JW, Forbes GS, Caviness JN, Gwinn-Hardy KA. Persistent chorea triggered by hyperglycemic crisis in diabetics. Mov Disord. 2001;16(5):890–8.
Hefter H, Mayer P, Benecke P. Persistent chorea after recurrent hypoglycemia. Eur Neurol. 1993;33(3):244–7.
Newman, Kinkle WR. Paroxysmal choreoathetosis due to hypoglycemia. Arch Neurol. 1984;41(3):341–2 RP.
Schmidt BJ, Pillay N. Paroxysmal dyskinesia associated with hypoglycemia. Can J Neurol Sci. 1993;20(2):151–3.
Kurlan R. Postprandial (reactive) hypoglycemia and restless legs syndrome: related neurologic disorders? Mov Disord. 1998;13(3):619–20.
Milanov I, Georgiev D, Todorov T. Clinical and electromyographic characteristics of tremor in patients with depression. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2000;6(2):101–5.
Yen DJ, Shan DE, Lu SR. Hyperthyroidism present as recurrent short paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia. Mov Disord. 1998;13(2):361–3.
Castillo P, Woodruff B, Caselli R, Vernino S, Lucchinetti C, Swanson J, Noseworthy J, Aksamit A, Carter J, Sirven J, Hunder G, Fatourechi V, Mokri B, Drubach D, Pittock S, Lennon V, Boeve B. Steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis. Arch Neurol. 2006;63(2):197–202.
Ghika-Schmid F, Ghika J, Regli F, Dworak N, Bougousslavsky J, Stadler C, Portman L, Despland PA. Hashimoto’s myoclonic encephalopathy: an underdiagnosed treatable condition? Mov Disord. 1996;11(5):555–62.
Erickson JC, Carrasco H, Grimes JB, Jabbari B, Cannard KR. Palatal tremor and myorrythmias in Hashimoto’s encephalopathy. Neurology. 2002;58(3):504–5.
Klawans HL, Lupton M, Simon L. Calcification of the basal ganglia as a cause of levodopa-resistant Parkinsonism. Neurology. 1976;26(3):221–5.
Berger JR, Ross DB. Reversible parkinsonian syndrome complicating postoperative hypoparathyroidism. Neurology. 1981;31(7):881–2.
Gálvez-Jiménez N, Hanson MR, Cabral J. Dopa-resistant Parkinsonism, oculomotor disturbances, chorea, mirror movements, dyspraxia, and dementia: the expanding clinical spectrum of hypoparathyroidism. A case report. Mov Disord. 2000;15(6):1273–6.
Chroni E, Papadimitriou A, Avramidis T, Terentiou AE, Tzioras C, Divari R. Stiff-person like syndrome in a patient with multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies. Acta Neurol Scand. 2000;102(6):403–5.
Lee MT, Lee TI, Won JG, Chau WK, Yang HJ, Li JC, Lin HD, Tang KT. Primary hypothalamic lymphoma with panhypopituitarism presenting as stiff-man syndrome. Am J Med Sci. 2004;328(2):124–8.
Aminoff MJ, So YT. Effects of toxins and physical agents on the nervous system. In: Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, editors. Bradley’s neurology in clinical practice. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2012. p. 1353–76.
Ono K, Komai K, Yamada M. Myoclonic involuntary movement associated with chronic manganese poisoning. J Neurol Sci. 2002;199(1–2):93–6.
de Souza A, Narvencar KP, Sindhoora KV. The neurological effects of methyl bromide intoxication. J Neurol Sci. 2013;335(1–2):36–41.
Suwanlaong K, Phanthumchinda K. Neurological manifestation of methyl bromide intoxication. J Med Assoc Thai. 2008;91(3):421–6.
Song X, Hu Z, Zhang H. Acute dystonia induced by lamivudine. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2005;28(4):193–4.
Fabiani G, Pastro PC, Froehner C. Parkinsonism and other movement disorders in outpatients in chronic use of cinnarizine and flunarizine. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2004;62(3B):784–8.
Polizzi A, Incorpora G, Ruggieri M. Dystonia as acute adverse reaction to cough suppressant in a 3-year-old girl. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2001;5(4):167–8.
Weiner WJ, Rabinstein A, Levin B, Weiner C, Shulman LM. Cocaine-induced persistent dyskinesias. Neurology. 2001;56(7):964–5.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer-Verlag Wien
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bajenaru, O.A. (2017). Systemic Illnesses That Cause Movement Disorders. In: Falup-Pecurariu, C., Ferreira, J., Martinez-Martin, P., Chaudhuri, K. (eds) Movement Disorders Curricula. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1628-9_43
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1628-9_43
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna
Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-1627-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-1628-9
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)