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Diabetische Entgleisung im Alter

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Geriatrische Notfallversorgung

Zusammenfassung

Gerade bei älteren Patienten und Patientinnen hat die Diagnose Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 eine große klinische Relevanz. Die Prävalenz in der Bevölkerungsgruppe der über 70‑Jährigen beträgt 20–25 %. In Pflegewohnheimen kann der Anteil der Diabetiker/innen bis zu 50 % betragen.

Das Alter alleine gibt keine ausreichende Information über den funktionellen Status einer Person. Hier spielen zahlreiche Faktoren wie Multimorbidität und der typische geriatrische Komplex von Immobilität, Instabilität, intellektuellem Abbau, Inkontinenz und Immundefizienz eine Rolle. Auch Sehschwäche oder Einschränkungen der Motorik durch Gelenkerkrankungen oder Tremor müssen berücksichtigt werden [1], [2].

Da die Heterogenität in dieser Altersgruppe sehr hoch ist, werden die Therapieziele individuell festgesetzt. Für rüstige Seniorinnen und Senioren ohne wesentliche funktionelle Beeinträchtigungen („Go-Go“) sollte die Therapie so gewählt werden, dass sie nicht in ihren Aktivitäten eingeschränkt werden. Im Einverständnis mit den Patienten und bei gegebener guter Mitarbeit kann durchaus ein Therapieziel von zumindest HbA1c < 7 %, bei niedrigem Hypoglykämierisiko sogar < 6,5 %, angestrebt werden.

Für die durch Komorbiditäten eingeschränkten Patienten („Slow-Go“) sind v. a. die Therapiesicherheit, d. h. eine geringe Hypoglykämiegefahr, und gute Verträglichkeit (erhöhtes Arzneimittelnebenwirkungsrisiko bei altersbedingt eingeschränkten Organfunktionen) wesentliche Kriterien der Therapieauswahl. Der angestrebte Therapiezielbereich liegt bei einem HbA1c zwischen 7 und 8 %.

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de de Campo, A., Possnig, K. (2013). Diabetische Entgleisung im Alter. In: Pinter, G., Likar, R., Schippinger, W., Janig, H., Kada, O., Cernic, K. (eds) Geriatrische Notfallversorgung. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1581-7_26

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1581-7_26

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