Abstract
Vasculitis is an inflammation of blood vessel walls due to infectious or non-infectious reasons. The size of the vessel serves for disease classification (e.g., large vessel vasculitis, medium vessel vasculitis, small vessel vasculitis). The morphological changes of the involved vessels might be variable. The pathogenesis of non-infectious vasculitis might be autoimmune, associated with an immunologic reaction directed at elastin, associated with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B∗51 (Behçet’s disease), associated with immune and inflammatory response, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides. Germ line mutations lead to adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency.
Treatment in infectious vasculitis uses antiviral and antibacterial agents, while in non-infectious vasculitis corticosteroids and immune suppressants (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, azathioprine) are used. Clinical outcome depends on the involvement of other organs and pre-existing illnesses.
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Weis, S. et al. (2019). Vascular Disorders: Vasculitis. In: Imaging Brain Diseases. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1544-2_24
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