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Auxin Coordinates Shoot and Root Development During Shade Avoidance Response

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Auxin and Its Role in Plant Development

Abstract

Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to sense the presence of other plants growing nearby and adjust their growth rate accordingly. The early perception of neighbor proximity depends on the detection of light quality changes. Within a vegetation community, the ratio of red (R) to far-red (FR) light is lowered by the absorption of R light by photosynthetic pigments. This light quality change is perceived through phytochrome (phyB, phyD, and phyE in Arabidopsis) as a signal of the proximity of neighbors and induces a suite of developmental responses (termed the shade avoidance response). In Arabidopsis shade avoidance is regulated by a balance of positive (PIF) and negative (HFR1/SICS1) regulators of gene expression which ensures a fast reshaping of the plant body toward an environment optimal for growth while at the same time avoiding an exaggerated reaction to low R/FR. Persistency of a low R/FR signal enhances the activity of phyA and, in turn, of HY5, a master regulator of seedling de-etiolation. Several hormones, such as gibberellins and brassinosteroids, have been implicated in shade-induced elongation. However, a compelling amount of evidence indicates that low R/FR-induced changes in auxin homeostasis and auxin transport are central in the shade avoidance response. This chapter describes the recent advances in understanding how auxin coordinates plant growth in a low R/FR light environment.

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Acknowledgments

We thank all our collaborators who made the work on shade avoidance a rewarding experience. Our apologies to the many researchers whose work or original publications could not be cited here because of space constraints. Authors work was funded by grants from the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research, FIRB-ERA-PG Program, and from the Italian Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies, AGRONANOTECH and NUTRIGEA Programs. This work was also supported by a grant from the Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance to the CNR for the Project FaReBio di Qualità.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biology, Molecular Medicine and NanoBiotechnology, National Research Council, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy

    Valentino Ruzza, Giovanna Sessa, Massimiliano Sassi & Ida Ruberti

  2. Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon 46, Allée d’Italie, 69364, Lyon, CEDEX 07, France

    Massimiliano Sassi

  3. Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Agricultural Research Council, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178, Rome, Italy

    Giorgio Morelli

Authors
  1. Valentino Ruzza
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  2. Giovanna Sessa
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  3. Massimiliano Sassi
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  4. Giorgio Morelli
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  5. Ida Ruberti
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ida Ruberti .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Prague 6, Czech Republic

    Eva Zažímalová

  2. Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Prague 6, Czech Republic

    Jan Petrášek

  3. Hormonal Cross-talk Group, Institute of Science and Technology (IST), Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria

    Eva Benková

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© 2014 Springer-Verlag Wien

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Ruzza, V., Sessa, G., Sassi, M., Morelli, G., Ruberti, I. (2014). Auxin Coordinates Shoot and Root Development During Shade Avoidance Response. In: Zažímalová, E., Petrášek, J., Benková, E. (eds) Auxin and Its Role in Plant Development. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1526-8_17

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