Skip to main content

Personality Disorders

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Psychiatric Drugs in Children and Adolescents

Abstract

Personality disorders (PDs) are defined as an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture (American Psychiatric Association 2013). This disorder is expressed as the impairment of several aspects of personality, including identity, affect, cognition, and social and personal relationships. PDs develop during childhood and adolescence and can have a lifelong course. They are manifested in typical form in early adulthood.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Literature

  • American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edn (DSM-5TM). American Psychiatric Publishing, Washington/London

    Google Scholar 

  • Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (2011) AWMF S2-Leitlinie Psychiatrie: Persönlichkeitsstörungen. AWMF-Leitlinien-Register Nr. 038/015. http://www.awmf.org/uploads/tx_szleitlinien/038-015m_01.pdf. Accessed 6 June 2013

  • Bateman AW, Fonagy P (2000) Effectiveness of psychotherapeutic treatment of personality disorder. Br J Psychiatry 177:138–143

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker DF, Grilo CM, Morey LC, Walker ML, Edell WS, McGlashan TH (1999) Applicability of personality disorder criteria to hospitalized adolescents: evaluation of internal consistency and criterion overlap. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 38:200–205

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellino S, Paradiso E, Bogetto F (2005) Oxcarbazepine in the treatment of borderline personality disorder: a pilot study. J Clin Psychiatry 66:1111–1115

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bellino S, Rinaldi C, Bozzatello P, Bogetto F (2011) Pharmacotherapy of borderline personality disorder: a systematic review for publication purpose. Curr Med Chem 18:3322–3329

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Benedetti F, Sforzini L, Colombo C, Maffei C, Smeraldi E (1998) Low-dose clozapine in acute and continuation treatment of severe borderline personality disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 59:103–107

    Google Scholar 

  • Bogenschutz MP, Nurnberg GH (2004) Olanzapine versus placebo in the treatment of borderline personality disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 65:104–109

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cardish RJ (2007) Psychopharmacologic management of suicidality in personality disorders. Can J Psychiatry 52(Suppl 1):115S–127S

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coccaro EF (1993) Psychopharmacologic studies in patient with personality disorders: review and perspective. J Personal Disord 154(Suppl 2):181–192

    Google Scholar 

  • Coccaro EF, Kavoussi RJ (1997) Fluoxetine and impulsive aggressive behavior in personality-disordered subjects. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54:1081–1088

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cowdry R, Gardner DL (1988) Pharmacotherapy in borderline personality disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 45:111–119

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De la Fuente JM, Lotstra F (1994) A trial of carbamazepine in borderline personality disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 4:479–486

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fahlen T, Nilsson HL, Borg K, Humble M, Pauli U (1995) Social phobia: the clinical efficacy and tolerability of the monoamine oxidase-A and serotonin uptake inhibitor brofaromine. Acta Psychiatr Scand 92:351–358

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gerlach M, Warnke A (2010) Therapy with mood stabilizers in child and adolescent psychiatry. Psychopharmakotherapie 17:183–187

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg SC, Schulz SC, Schulz PM, Resnick RJ, Hamer RM, Friedel RO (1986) Borderline and schizotypal personality disorders treated with low-dose thiothixene vs placebo. Arch Gen Psychiatry 43:680–686

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hallahan B, Hibbeln JR, Davis JM, Garland MR (2007) Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in patients with recurrent self-harm: single-centre double-blind randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry 190:118–122

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herpertz S, Wenning B (2003) Spezifische Persönlichkeitsstörungen: Diagnose, Ätiologie und Psychotherapie. In: Herpertz S, Saß H (eds) Persönlichkeitsstörungen. Thieme, Stuttgart/New York, pp 61–147

    Google Scholar 

  • Herpertz SC, Zanarini M, Schulz CS, Siever L, Lieb K, Möller HJ, WFSBP Task Force on Personality Disorders (2007) World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for biological treatment of personality disorders. World J Biol Psychiatry 8:212–244

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hollander E, Tracy KA, Swann AC, Coccaro EF, McElroy SL, Wozniak P, Sommerville KW, Nemeroff CB (2003) Divalproex in the treatment of impulsive aggression: efficacy in cluster B personality disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 28:1186–1197

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hopwood CJ, Newman DA, Donnellan MB, Markowitz JC, Grilo CM, Sanislow CA, Ansell EB, McGlashan TH, Skodol AE, Shea MT, Gunderson JG, Zanarini MC, Morey LC (2009) The stability of personality traits in individuals with borderline personality disorder. J Abnorm Psychol 118:806–815

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ingenhoven T, Lafay P, Rinne T, Passchier J, Duivenvoorden H (2010) Effectiveness of pharmacotherapy for severe personality disorders: meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Psychiatry 71:14–25

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Keshavan M, Shad M, Soloff P, Schooler N (2004) Efficacy and tolerability of olanzapine in the treatment of schizotypal personality disorder. Schizophr Res 71:97–101

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kirrane RM, Siever LJ (2000) New perspectives on schizotypal personality disorder. Curr Psychiatry Rep 48:1–5

    Google Scholar 

  • Koenigsberg HW, Reynolds D, Goodman M, New AS, Mitropoulou V, Trestman RL, Silverman J, Siever LJ (2003) Risperidone in the treatment of schizotypal personality disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 64:628–634

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lieb K, Völlm B, Rücker G, Timmer A, Stoffers JM (2010) Pharmacotherapy for borderline personality disorder: cochrane systematic review of randomised trials. Br J Psychiatry 196:4–12

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Links PS, Steiner M, Boiago I (1990) Lithium therapy for borderline patients: preliminary findings. J Personal Disord 4:173–181

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malone RP, Delaney MA, Luebbert JF, Cater J, Campbell M (2000) A double-blind placebo-controlled study of lithium in hospitalized aggressive children and adolescents with conduct disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 57:649–654

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Markovitz PJ, Wagner SC (1995) Venlafaxine in the treatment of borderline personality disorder. Psychopharmacol Bull 31:773–777

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • National Health Medical Research Council (2012) Clinical practice guideline for the management of borderline personality disorder. National Health and Medical Research Council, Melbourne

    Google Scholar 

  • National Health Medical Research Council (2013) Caring for people with borderline personality disorder: a reference guide for health professionals. National Health and Medical Research Council, Melbourne

    Google Scholar 

  • National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (2009) Borderline personality disorder – treatment and management. NICE clinical guideline 78 (guidance.nice.org.uk/cg78. www.nice.org.uk/CG78)

  • Nickel MK, Muehlbacher M, Nickel C, Kettler C, Pedrosa Gil F, Bachler E, Buschmann W, Rother N, Fartacek R, Egger C, Anvar J, Rother WK, Loew TH, Kaplan P (2006) Aripiprazole in the treatment of patients with borderline personality disorder: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Am J Psychiatry 163:833–838

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nosé M, Cpriani A, Biancosino B, Grassi L, Barbui C (2006) Efficacy of pharmacotherapy against core traits of borderline personality disorder: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 21:345–353

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paris J (2002) Chronic suicidality among patients with borderline personality disorder. Psychiatr Serv 53:738–742

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paris J (2011) Pharmacological treatments for personality disorders. Int Rev Psychiatry 23:303–309

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pascual JC, Soler J, Puigdemont D, Pérez-Egea R, Tiana T, Alvarez E, Pérez V (2008) Ziprasidone in the treatment of borderline personality disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study. J Clin Psychiatry 69:603–608

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perry JC, Banon MD, Eanne F (1999) Effectiveness of psychotherapy for personality disorders. Am J Psychiatry 156:1312–1321

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Quante A, Röpke S, Merkl A, Anghelescu I, Lammers CH (2008) Pharmakologische Behandlung von und bei Persönlichkeitsstörungen. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 76:139–148

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ripoll LH, Triebwasser J, Siever LJ (2011) Evidence-based pharmacotherapy for personality disorders. Int Clin Neuropsychopharmacol 14:1257–1288

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salbach-Andrae H, Bürger A, Klinkowski N, Lenz K, Pfeiffer E, Fydrich T, Lehmkuhl U (2008) Diagnostic of personality disorders in adolescence according to SCID-II. Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother 36:117–125

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Salzman C, Wolfson AN, Schatzberg A, Looper J, Henke R, Albanese M, Schwartz J, Miyawaki E (1995) Effect of fluoxetine on anger in symptomatic volunteers with borderline personality disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 15:23–29

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schmeck K, Schlüter-Müller S (2009) Persönlichkeitsstörungen im Jugendalter. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg/Wien/New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Schmeck K, Schlüter-Müller S (2012) Course and prognosis of severe personality disorders. Swiss Arch Neurol Psychiatry 163:166–170

    Google Scholar 

  • Schultz SC, Camlin KL, Berry SA, Jesberger JA (1999) Olanzapine safety and efficacy in patients with borderline personality disorder and comorbid dysthymia. Biol Psychiatry 46:1429–1435

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simpson EB, Yen S, Costello E, Rosen K, Begin A, Pistorello J, Pearlstein T (2004) Combined dialectical behavior therapy and fluoxetine in the treatment of borderline personality disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 65:379–385

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Soler J, Pascual JC, Campins J, Barrachina J, Puigdemont D, Alvarez E, Pérez V (2005) Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of dialectical behavior therapy plus olanzapine for borderline personality disorder. Am J Psychiatry 162:1221–1224

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Soloff PH, Nathan RS, George A, Schulz PM, Cornelius JR, Perel JM, Ulrich RF (1986) Efficacy of phenelzine and haloperidol in borderline personality disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 50:377–385

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soloff PH, Nathan RS, George A, Schultz PM, Cornelius JR, Perel JM, Ulrich RF (1993) Progress in pharmacotherapy of borderline disorders: a double blind study of amitriptyline, haloperidol and placebo. Arch Gen Psychiatry 43:691–697

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stoffers JM, Völlm BA, Rücker G, Timmer A, Huband N, Lieb K (2012) Psychological therapies for people with borderline personality disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 8:CD005652, August 15

    Google Scholar 

  • Triebwasser J, Siever LJ (2007) Pharmacotherapy of personality disorders. J Ment Health 16:5–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Verkes RJ, Van der Mast RC, Hengeveld MW, Tuyl JP, Zwinderman AH, Van Kempen GM (1998) Reduction by paroxetine of suicidal behavior in patients with repeated suicide attempts but not major depression. Am J Psychiatry 155:543–547

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organisation (1996) Multiaxial classification of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders. The ICD – 10 classification of mental and behavioral disorders in children and adolescents. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Zanarini MC, Frankenburg FR (2001) Olanzapine treatment of female borderline personality disorder patients: a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. J Clin Psychiatry 62:849–854

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zanarini MC, Frankenburg FR (2003) Omega-3 fatty acid treatment of women with borderline personality disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Am J Psychiatry 160:167–169

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zanarini MC, Frankenburg FR, Parachini EA (2004) A preliminary, randomized trial of fluoxetine, olanzapine, and the olanzapine fluoxetine combination in women with borderline personality disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 7:903–907

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marcel Romanos MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer-Verlag Wien

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Romanos, M., Wewetzer, C., Schmeck, K. (2014). Personality Disorders. In: Gerlach, M., Warnke, A., Greenhill, L. (eds) Psychiatric Drugs in Children and Adolescents. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1501-5_22

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1501-5_22

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-1500-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-1501-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics