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A Roadmap Followed: The Path Towards the Elimination of Onchocerciasis in Latin America

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Neglected Tropical Diseases - Latin America and the Caribbean

Part of the book series: Neglected Tropical Diseases ((NTD))

Abstract

Onchocerciasis, a chronic, debilitating, poverty-promoting parasitic disease, is one of the five most common of the officially designated neglected tropical diseases. It has been found in 13 discrete foci distributed among six countries (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, and Venezuela) in Latin America (LA). Onchocerciasis was brought to the Americas through the slave trade in the sixteenth century, was transmitted to the indigenous American population once introduced, and was then spread through migration. Since its discovery in LA, numerous efforts have been put forth to understand the epidemiology of the disease to control and eventually eliminate the disease. The establishment of public–private partnerships and the development of community wide mass distribution programs of Mectizan® (ivermectin, donated by Merck, Sharpe, and Dohme) have resulted in dramatic progress against onchocerciasis in all of the endemic foci of LA. Transmission has been interrupted in 11 of 13 foci in LA, including all foci in Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Mexico as well as in two of the three foci in Venezuela. Transmission remains active only in the two foci straddling the border between Brazil and Venezuela. This area is inhabited by the Yanomami tribe indigenous to the Amazonian forest, and evidence suggests that transmission has been suppressed in some Yanomami communities. Interruption of transmission in these Amazonian foci, the last active foci in LA, will require intensified efforts and cross-border collaboration, but once successful, will culminate in the complete elimination of this scourge from the Americas.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Maestro esquina Elías Piña S/N, Colonia Narciso Mendoza, 88710, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, México

    Mario A. Rodríguez-Pérez

  2. Instituto de Salud Carlos III (host address for sabbatical), Carretera de Majadahonda a Pozuelo Km. 2,2, Majadahonda, 28220, Madrid, España

    Mario A. Rodríguez-Pérez

  3. Escuela de Medicina, Universidad México Americana del Norte, A.C., Calle Guerrero entre Bravo y 16 de Septiembre, Zona Centro, 88560, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, México

    Edgar E. Lara-Ramírez

  4. Consejería de Educación, Calle Maestro 19, 28914, Leganés (Madrid), España

    Olga Real-Najarro

  5. Consejería de Educación, Calle Santa Hortensia 30, 28002, Madrid, España

    Olga Real-Najarro

  6. Global Health Infectious Disease Research Program, Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA

    Thomas R. Unnasch

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  1. Mario A. Rodríguez-Pérez
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  2. Edgar E. Lara-Ramírez
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  3. Olga Real-Najarro
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  4. Thomas R. Unnasch
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Correspondence to Mario A. Rodríguez-Pérez .

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  1. Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Infantil de México, Federico Gómez, México D.F., Mexico

    Carlos Franco-Paredes

  2. Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico

    José Ignacio Santos-Preciado

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Rodríguez-Pérez, M.A., Lara-Ramírez, E.E., Real-Najarro, O., Unnasch, T.R. (2015). A Roadmap Followed: The Path Towards the Elimination of Onchocerciasis in Latin America. In: Franco-Paredes, C., Santos-Preciado, J. (eds) Neglected Tropical Diseases - Latin America and the Caribbean. Neglected Tropical Diseases. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1422-3_8

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