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Experimental Dengue Vaccines

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Molecular Vaccines

Abstract

Nearly half the global population is at risk of dengue, a viral disease transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes. Each of four closely related dengue viruses of the Flaviviridae family causes a wide spectrum of disease ranging from mild dengue fever to potentially fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever and shock. Unambiguous clinical diagnosis of dengue disease is difficult and needs laboratory confirmation. Though a wide range of diagnostic tools has been developed, including antigen detection tests in recent times, the lack of well-characterized sera panels has precluded their validation. Once diagnosed, the only treatment option available to severe dengue patients is symptomatic and supportive medical care. The failure of vector control measures and the lack of vaccines and drugs have made dengue a significant public health problem worldwide.

Vaccination against dengue offers an effective way to arrest the spread of dengue. Increased awareness in recent years has helped intensify ongoing vaccine development efforts by multiple players. As a result, a multitude of vaccine candidates are in various stages of development. Of these, live attenuated viral vaccines are in advanced phase of clinical development, triggering expectation that a dengue vaccine is imminent. The need to protect against all four serotypes in order to avoid immune enhancement of disease and the lack of a preclinical animal model to reliably predict efficacy in humans have made dengue vaccine development a challenging task.

Recent efficacy trial data underline the need to understand better the role of the immune system in pathogenesis and protection to be able to design potentially efficacious dengue vaccines.

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Acknowledgement

The authors thank the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, for supporting their work on dengue vaccines. Parts of both figures were produced using Servier Medical Art.

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  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad, 500078, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Sathyamangalam Swaminathan PhD & Navin Khanna PhD

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  1. Sathyamangalam Swaminathan PhD
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  2. Navin Khanna PhD
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Correspondence to Sathyamangalam Swaminathan PhD .

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  1. Institute for Molecular Vaccines, Heidelberg, Germany

    Matthias Giese

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Swaminathan, S., Khanna, N. (2013). Experimental Dengue Vaccines. In: Giese, M. (eds) Molecular Vaccines. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1419-3_7

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