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Nanopartikel – Gesundheitliche Gefahren

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Nano Risiko Governance

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Zusammenfassung

Nanomaterialien zeichnen sich durch ihre extrem kleine Strukturgröße aus und haben das Potenzial für vielfältige industrielle, biomedizinische und elektronische Anwendungen. Viele nanomedizinische Produkte sind bereits in klinischen Studien, auch ist eine Reihe von Anwendungen der Nanotechnologie bereits im Handel erhältlich und viele mehr tauchen täglich auf. Das Wissen über die Exposition des Menschen durch Nanomaterialien ist spärlich. Allerdings löst der Einsatz von Nanopartikeln potenziellen Sicherheits-, Gesundheits-und Umweltschutz Bedenken aus. Trotz der jüngsten Fortschritte in der medizinischen und toxikologischen Forschung ist es noch unklar, wie Nanomaterialien mit biologischem Material interagiert, welche Eigenschaften der Nanomaterialien sind relevant die diese Reaktionen auslösen und eine etablierte dosimetrischen Algorithmus für Nanopartikel fehlt ebenfalls. Es gibt Hinweise darauf, dass einige dieser Materialien die Zellmembran und Gewebe-Barrieren (einschließlich der Blut-Hirn-Schranke) durchdringen. Die Mechanismen die mögliche schädliche Wirkungen auslösen ist wenig bekannt, obwohl die Bildung freier Radikale, die Lipidoxidation und auch Bildung von Granulomen und andere Reaktionen nach Exposition durch Nanopartikeln beschrieben wurden. Die Sicherheitsaspekte der Nanomaterialien sind noch nicht systematisch untersucht um schlüssige Risikobewertungen zu ermöglichen. Daher sind für die Risikobewertung entsprechende Daten erforderlich, wie auch ein Algorithmus zur Berechnung der Dosis.

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  1. Austrian Institute of Technology, Wien, Österreich

    Myrtill Simkó

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  1. Myrtill Simkó
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Correspondence to Myrtill Simkó .

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  1. Institut für Technikfolgen-Abschätzung, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Austria

    André Gazsó

  2. Institut für Technikfolgen-Abschätzung, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Austria

    Julia Haslinger

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Simkó, M. (2014). Nanopartikel – Gesundheitliche Gefahren. In: Gazsó, A., Haslinger, J. (eds) Nano Risiko Governance. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1405-6_1

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