Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Determination of Protein Digestibility in the Growing Pig

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Nutritional and Physiological Functions of Amino Acids in Pigs

Abstract

The cost of feed is usually the most significant variable cost in modern intensive pork production, and protein is the most expensive component of the diet. There is thus a considerable financial incentive to maximise the efficiency of utilisation of the dietary amino acids, and especially the dietary first-limiting amino acid. The dietary first-limiting amino acid for the weaned and growing pig is often lysine. It is particularly important that the supply of dietary amino acids to the body tissues (i.e. absorbed amino acids) closely matches the amino acid requirements of the tissues for protein synthesis, to avoid unnecessary wastage.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Badawy AM, Campbell RM, Cuthbertson DP, Fell BF (1957) Changes in the intestinal mucosa of the sheep following death by humane killer. Nature 189:756–757

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bartelt J, Drochner W, Gotz KP, Szakacz J, Ceresnakova Z, Sommer A (1999) Determination of endogenous nitrogen associated with bacteria in ileal digesta of pigs receiving cereal-based diets with or without fish meal and various fibre supplements by using a simple N-15-dilution technique. J Anim Feed Sci 8(3):425–440

    Google Scholar 

  • Bohmer BM, Branner GR, Roth-Maier DA (2005) Precaecal and faecal digestibility of inulin (DP 10-12) or an inulin/Enterococcus faecium mix and effects on nutrient digestibility and microbial gut flora. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 89(11–12):388–396

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boisen S, Moughan PJ (1996) Different expressions of dietary protein and amino acid digestibility and their application in protein evaluation: A theoretical approach. Acta Agric Scand 46: 165–172

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Branner GR, Bohmer BM, Erhardt W, Henke J, Roth-Maier DA (2004) Investigation on the precaecal and faecal digestibility of lactulose and inulin and their influence on nutrient digestibility and microbial characteristics. Arch Anim Nutr 58(5):353–366

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Butts CA, James KAC, Koolaard JP, Booth CL, Donaldson HE, Scott MF, Moughan PJ (2002) The effect of digesta sampling time and dietary protein source on ileal nitrogen digestibility for the growing rat. J Sci Food Agric 82:343–350

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cho CY, Horney FD, Bayley HS (1971) Examination of amino acids in ileal digesta and feces of cannulated pigs. Fed Proc 30(2):A235

    Google Scholar 

  • Columbus D, de Lange CFM (2012) Evidence for validity of ileal digestibility coefficients in monogastrics. Br J Nutr 108:S264–272

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham HM, Friend DW, Nicholson JWG (1962) Note on a re-entrant fistula for digestion studies with pigs. Can J Anim Sci 42:112–113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham HM, Friend DW, Nicholson JWG (1963) Observations on digestion in the pig using a re-entrant intestinal fistula. Can J Anim Sci 43:215–225

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Darcy B, Laplace JP, Villiers PA (1980) Digestion in the Small-Intestine of the Pig.3. Kinetics of Passage of Starch and Crude Protein in the Ileum According to the Mode of Fistulation, the Type of Starch and Protein Level of the Diet. Annales De Zootechnie 29(3):277–298

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Darcy-Vrillon B, Laplace JP (1985) Ileal amino acid digestibility measurement in pigs fed high-fibre diet: ileo-rectal anastomosis versus ileo-colic post-valve fistulation. In: Just A, Jsrgensen H, Fernandez LA (eds) Digestive physiology in the pig, Vol. Report no. 580. National Institute of Animal Science, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp 184–187

    Google Scholar 

  • Darcy-Vrillon B, Laplace JP (1990) Digesta collection procedure may affect ileal digestibility in pigs fed diets based on wheat bran or beet pulp. Anim Feed Sci Technol 27:307–316

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davenport HW (1966) Physiology of the digestive tract year book, 2nd edn. Medical Publishers Inc., Chicago, IL

    Google Scholar 

  • Donkoh A, Moughan PJ (1994) The effect of dietary crude protein content on apparent and true ileal nitrogen and amino acid digestibilities. Br J Nutr 72:59–68

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Donkoh A, Moughan PJ, Smith WC (1994a) True ileal digestibility of amino acids in meat and bone meal for the growing pig—application of a routine rat digestibility assay. Anim Feed Sci Technol 49:73–86

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Donkoh A, Moughan PJ, Smith WC (1994b) Comparison of the slaughter method and simple T-piece cannulation of the terminal ileum for determining the ileal digestibility of amino acids in meat and bone meal for the growing pig. Anim Feed Sci Technol 49:43–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Easter RA, Tanksley TD (1973) Technique for reentrant ileocecal cannulation of swine. J Anim Sci 36(6):1099–1103

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Easter RA, Driedger A, Tanksley TD (1972) Technique for reentrant ileocecal cannulation of swine. J Anim Sci 35(1):215–216

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernández JA, Jørgensen H, Mroz S, Jongbloed AW (2001) Ileal digestibility determination of different diets by two fistulation techniques (T-cannula vs. steered ileocaecal valve cannula) and two markers (chromic oxide vs. titanium oxide). Paper presented at the 8th symposium of digestive physiology of pigs, Uppsala, Sweden

    Google Scholar 

  • Fontes DO, Donzele JL, Mascarenhas AG, Apolonio LR, Silva FCO, Fontes FAPV, Correa GSS (2007) Amino acids composition and ileal digestibility of amino acids in energetics feedstuffs measured in pigs with ileo-rectal anastomosis. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec 59(1):196–202

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuller MF (1991) Methodologies for the measurement of digestion. In: Verstegen MWA, Huisman J, de Hartog LA (eds) Digestive physiology in pigs. Proceedings of the 5th international symposium. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, pp 273–288

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuller MF, Livingstone RM (1982) Effect of ileorectal anastomosis on intestinal propulsion. Annual report of studies in animal nutrition and allied sciences. Rowett Research Institute, pp 38–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuller MF, Tomé D (2005) In vivo determination of amino acid bioavailability in humans and model animals. J AOAC Int 88(3):923–934

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuller MF, Darcy-Vrillon B, Laplace JP, Picard M, Cadenhead A, Jung J, Brown D, Franklin MF (1994) The measurement of dietary amino-acid digestibility in pigs, rats and chickens—a comparison of methodologies. Anim Feed Sci Technol 48(3–4):305–324

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goerke M, Eklund M, Sauer N, Rademacher M, Piepho HP, Borner C, Mosenthin R (2012) Effect of feed intake level on ileal digestibilities of crude protein and amino acids in diets for piglets. J Sci Food Agric 92(6):1261–1266

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hackl W, Pieper B, Pieper R, Korn U, Zeyner A (2010) Effects of ensiling cereal grains (barley, wheat, triticale and rye) on total and pre-caecal digestibility of proximate nutrients and amino acids in pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 94(6):729–735

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henderickx HK, Teague HS, Redman DR, Grifo AP (1964) Absorption of vitamin B12 from colon of pig. J Anim Sci 23(4):1036–1038

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendriks WH, van Baal J, Bosch G (2012) Ileal and faecal protein digestibility measurement in humans and other non-ruminants—a comparative species view. Br J Nutr 108:S247–257

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hennig U, Kuhla S, Souffrant WB, Tuchscherer A, Metges CC (2006) Effect of partial dehulling of two- and six-row barley varieties on precaecal digestibility of amino acids in pigs. Arch Anim Nutr 60(3):205–217

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hennig U, Hackl W, Priepke A, Tuchscherer A, Souffrant WB, Metges CC (2008) Comparison of ileal apparent, standardized and true digestibilities of amino acids in pigs fed wheat and lupine seeds. Livest Sci 118(1–2):61–71

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hodgkinson SM, Moughan PJ (2000a) The collection of ileal digesta and characterisation of the endogenous component. In: Moughan PJ, Verstegen MWA, Visser-Reyneveld MI (eds) Feed evaluation—principles and practice. Wageningen Pers, Wageningen, pp 105–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodgkinson SM, Moughan PJ (2000b) Amino acids—digestibility, availability and metabolism. In: Moughan PJ, Verstegen MWA, Visser-Reyneveld MI (eds) Feed evaluation—principles and practice. Wageningen Pers, Wageningen, pp 125–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodgkinson SM, Moughan PJ (2007) An effect of dietary protein content on endogenous ileal lysine flow in the growing rat. J Sci Food Agric 87:233–238

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hodgkinson SM, Moughan PJ, Reynolds GW, James KAC (2000) The effect of dietary peptide concentration on endogenous ileal amino acid loss in the growing pig. Br J Nutr 83:421–430

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hodgkinson SM, Moughan PJ, Morel PCH, Reynolds GW (2002) The diurnal pattern of ileal dry matter and endogenous ileal nitrogen flows for the growing pig. J Sci Food Agric 82: 1860–1866

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • James KAC, Butts CA, Koolaard JP, Donaldson HE, Scott MF, Moughan PJ (2002a) The effect of feeding regimen on apparent and true ileal nitrogen digestibility for rats fed diets containing different sources of protein. J Sci Food Agric 82:1050–1060

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • James KAC, Butts CA, Koolard JP, Donaldson HE, Scott MF, Moughan PJ (2002b) The effect of food dry matter intake on the flow of amino acids at the terminal ileum for rats fed an enzyme hydrolysed casein-based diet. J Sci Food Agric 82:1128–1135

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jansman AJM, Smink W, van Leeuwen P, Rademacher R (2002) Evaluation through literature data of the amount and amino acid composition of basal endogenous crude protein at the terminal ileum of pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 98:49–50

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Just A, Jorgensen H, Fernandez JA (1985) Correlations of protein deposited in growing female pigs to ileal and faecal digestible crude protein and amino acids. Livest Prod Sci 12:145–159

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knudsen KEB, Laerke HN, Steenfeldt S, Hedemann MS, Jorgensen H (2006) In vivo methods to study the digestion of starch in pigs and poultry. Anim Feed Sci Technol 130(1–2):114–135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Köhler T, Huisman J, Denhartog LA, Mosenthin R (1990) Comparison of different digesta collection methods to determine the apparent digestibilities of the nutrients at the terminal ileum in pigs. J Sci Food Agric 53(4):465–475

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Köhler T, Denhartog LA, Huisman J, Mosenthin R, Verstegen MWA (1991) Digestibility measurements in pigs by using post-valve T-cecum cannulation or end-to-side ileorectal anastomosis. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 66(5):278–286

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Köhler T, Mosenthin R, Verstegen MWA, Huisman J, den Hartog LA, Wensing T (1992a) Effect of ileo-rectal anastomosis and post-valve T-caecum cannulation on growing pigs. (2) Blood variables and mineral balances. Br J Nutr 68:305–315

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Köhler T, Mosenthin R, Verstegen MWA, Huisman J, den Hartog LA, Ahrens F (1992b) Effect of ileo-rectal anastomosis and post-valve T-caecum cannulation on growing pigs. 1. Growth performances, N-balance, and intestinal adaptation. Br J Nutr 68:293–303

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kowalik B, Kowalczyk J, Pajak JJ, Zebrowska T (2004) Digestion of starch and crude fibre in segments of the digestive tract of sheep fed different types and amounts of starch. J Anim Feed Sci 13(Suppl 1):123–126

    Google Scholar 

  • Laplace JP, Darcy-Vrillon B, Picard M (1985) Evaluation de la disponibilité des acides aminés: choix raisonné d’une méthode. Journées de la recherche porcine en France 17:353–370

    Google Scholar 

  • Laplace JP, Souffrant WB, Hennig U, Chabeauti E, Fevrier C (1994) Measurement of precaecal dietary protein and plant cell digestion in pigs; comparison of four surgical procedures for ileo-rectal anastomosis. Livest Prod Sci 40:313–328

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lindberg JE (1997) A comparison of the total tract digestibility in intact and PVTC-cannulated pigs. In: Laplace JP, Fevrier C, Barbeau A (eds) Digestive physiology in pigs, pp 404–407

    Google Scholar 

  • Livingstone RM, Fowler VR, White F, Wenham G (1977a) Annealed glass cannulae for use in digestion studies with pigs. Vet Rec 101(18):368

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Livingstone RM, Fowler VR, Atkinson T, Baird B (1977b) Diurnal patterns of digestion in pigs fitted with annealed glass cannulae. Anim Prod 24(FEB):156

    Google Scholar 

  • MacRae JC, Smith JS, White F (1982) Effects of gastrointestinal cannulation and jugular vein catheterization on the metabolism in sheep. Br J Nutr 47:637–644

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marinho MC, Pinho MA, Mascarenhas RD, Silva FC, Lordelo MM, Cunha LF et al (2007) Effect of prebiotic or probiotic supplementation and ileo rectal anastomosis on intestinal morphology of weaned piglets. Livest Sci 108(1–3):240–243

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moughan PJ (2003) Amino acid availability: aspects of chemical analysis and bioassay methodology. Nutr Res Rev 16:127–141

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moughan PJ (2005) Absorption of chemically unmodified lysine from proteins in foods that have sustained damage during processing or storage. J AOAC Int 88:949–954

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moughan PJ, Rutherfurd SM (1996) A new method for determining digestible reactive lysine in foods. J Agric Food Chem 44:2202–2209

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moughan PJ, Rutherfurd SM (2008) Available lysine in foods—a brief historical overview. J AOAC Int 91:901–906

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moughan PJ, Smith WC (1985) Determination and assessment of apparent ileal amino acid digestibility coefficients for the growing pig. N Z J Agric Res 28:365–370

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moughan PJ, Smith WC (1987) A note on the effect of cannulation of the terminal ileum of the growing pig on the apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in ground barley. Anim Prod 44: 319–321

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moughan PJ, Smith WC, James KAC (1984) Preliminary observations on the use of the rat as a model for the pig in the determination of apparent digestibility of dietary protein. N Z J Agric Res 27(4):509–512

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moughan PJ, Pedraza M, Smith WC, Williams M, Wilson MN (1990) An evaluation with piglets of bovine milk, hydrolysed bovine milk and isolated soybean proteins included in infant milk formulas. I. Effect on organ development, digestive enzyme activities, and amino acid digestibility. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and. Nutrition 10(3):385–394

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moughan PJ, Smith WC, Pearson G, James KAC (1991) Assessment of apparent ileal lysine digestibility for use in diet formulation for the growing pig. Anim Feed Sci Technol 34:95–109

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moughan PJ, Souffrant WG, Hodgkinson SM (1998) Physiological approaches to determining gut endogenous amino acid flows in the mammal. Arch Anim Nutr 51:237–252

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mroz Z, Bakker GCM, Dekker J, Jongbloed AW, Jongbloed R (1994) Application of the steered ileo-cecal valve cannulation (SICV) technique to measure digesta kinetics and ileal digestibility in pigs fed high fibrous diets. Paper presented at the VIth International Symposium on Digestive Physiology in Pigs. Dummersdorf, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Mroz Z, Bakker GCM, Jongbloed AW, Dekker RA, Jongbloed R, vanBeers A (1996) Apparent digestibility of nutrients in diets with different energy density, as estimated by direct and marker methods for pigs with or without ileo-cecal cannulas. J Anim Sci 74(2):403–412

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Payne WL, Combs GF, Kifer RR, Synder DG (1968) Investigation of protein quality—ileal recovery of amino acids. Fed Proc 27:1199–1203

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Phillipson AT (1952) The passage of digesta from the abomasum of sheep. J Physiol 116(1):84–97

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Picard M, Bertrand S, Genin F, Maillard RA (1984) Digestibilité des acides aminés: intérêt de la technique du shunt iléorectal chez le porc. Journées de la recherche porcine en France 16:355–360

    Google Scholar 

  • Potkins ZV, Lawrence TLJ, Thomlinson JR (1991) Effects of structural and nonstructural polysaccharides in the diet of the growing pig on gastric-emptying rate and rate of passage of digesta to the terminal ileum and through the total gastrointestinal-tract. Br J Nutr 65(3): 391–413

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Presto MH, Lyberg K, Lindberg JE (2011) Digestibility of amino acids in organically cultivated white-flowering faba bean and cake from cold-pressed rapeseed, linseed and hemp seed in growing pigs. Arch Anim Nutr 65(1):21–33

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Radcliffe JS, Rice JP, Pleasant RS, Apgar GA (2005) Technical note: improved technique for fitting pigs with steered ileocecal valve cannulas. J Anim Sci 83(7):1563–1567

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rapp C, Lantzsch HJ, Drochner W (2001) Hydrolysis of phytic acid by intrinsic plant or supplemented microbial phytase ( Aspergillus niger) in the stomach and small intestine of minipigs fitted with re-entrant cannulas. 1. Passage of dry matter and total phosphorus. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 85(11/12):406–413

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Redman DR, King NB, Henderickx HK, Teague HS (1964) Cecal fistulation of pig using 2 forms of indwelling cannulas. J Anim Sci 23(4):1032–1035

    Google Scholar 

  • Rutherfurd SM, Moughan PJ (1990) Guanidination of lysine in selected dietary proteins. J Agric Food Chem 38(1):209–211

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rutherfurd SM, Moughan PJ (1998) The digestible amino acid composition of several mile proteins: application of a new bioassay. J Dairy Sci 81(4):909–917

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rutherfurd SM, Moughan PJ, Morel PCH (1997a) Assessment of the true ileal digestibility of reactive lysine as a predictor of lysine uptake from the small intestine of the growing pig. J Agric Food Chem 45:4378–4383

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rutherfurd SM, Moughan PJ, van Osch L (1997b) Digestible reactive lysine in processed feedstuffs: application of a new bioassay. J Agric Food Chem 45:1189–1194

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salgado P, Martins JM, Carvalho F, Abreu M, Freire JPB, Toullec R, Lalles JP, Bento O (2002) Component digestibility of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) and pea (Pisum sativum) seeds and effects on the small intestine and body organs in anastomosed and intact growing pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 98(3–4):187–201

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sauer W, Ozimek L (1986) Digestibility of amino acids in swine: results and their practical application. A review. Livest Prod Sci 15:367–369

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sauer WC, Dugan MER, de Lange CFM, Imbeah M, Mosenthin R (1989) Considerations in methodology for the determination of amino acid digestibilities in feedstuffs for pigs. In: Friedmann M (ed) Absorption and utilization of amino acids, vol III. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 217–230

    Google Scholar 

  • Schröder H (1988) Untersuchungen zur scheinbaren Verdaulichkeit von N-Verbindungen in differenzierten Abschnitten des Intestinaltraktes am wachsenden Schwein, Kiel

    Google Scholar 

  • Skilton GA, Moughan PJ, Smith WC (1988) Determination of endogenous amino acid flow at the terminal ileum of the rat. J Sci Food Agric 44(3):227–235

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stein HH, Seve B, Fuller MF, Moughan PJ, de Lange CFM (2007a) Invited review: amino acid bioavailability and digestibility in pig feed ingredients: terminology and application. J Anim Sci 85:172–180

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stein HH, Fuller MF, Moughan PJ, Sève B, Mosenthin R, Jansman AJM, Fernández JA, de Lange CFM (2007b) Definition of apparent, true and standardised ileal digestibility of amino acids in pigs. Livest Sci 109:282–285

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thorpe E, Tomlinson JR (1967) Autolysis and post-mortem bacteriological changes in the alimentary tract of the pig. J Pathol Bacteriol 93:601–610

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van Leeuwen P, Huisman J, Verstegen MWA, Baak MJ, van Kleef DJ, Van Weerden EJ, den Hartog LA (1988) A new technique for collection of ileal chyme in pigs. Paper presented at the proceedings of the IVth international seminar on digestive physiology in the pig. Warsaw, Poland

    Google Scholar 

  • van Leeuwen P, van Kleef DJ, van Kempen GJM, Huisman J, Verstegen MWA (1991) The post valve T-cecum cannulation technique in pigs applicated (sic) to determine the digestibility of amino-acid in maize, groundnut and sunflower meal. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 65(3–4): 183–193

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Wijk HJ, Moughan PJ, Hodgkinson SM, Jansen PP, Pearson G (1998) Variation in apparent and true ileal amino acid digestibility in barley using a rat model. Anim Feed Sci Technol 76: 9–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Viljoen J, Coetzee SE, Fick JC, Siebrits FK, Hayes JP (2000) Evaluation of in vivo techniques for the determination of apparent ileal amino acid digestibilities in feedstuffs for piglets. S Afr J Anim Sci 30(1):7–15

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yin YL, McCracken KJ (1996) Methodological aspects of in vivo measurement of ileal AA digestibility in pigs—A review. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 9:495–502

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yin YL, McEvoy DG, McEvoy JDG, Schulze H, McCracken KJ (2000a) Studies on cannulation method and alternative indigestible markers and the effects of food enzyme supplementation in barley-based diets on ileal and overall apparent digestibility in growing pigs. Anim Sci 70: 63–72

    Google Scholar 

  • Yin YL, McEvoy JDG, Schulze H, Hennig U, Souffrant WB, McCracken KJ (2000b) Apparent digestibility (ileal and overall) of nutrients and endogenous nitrogen losses in growing pigs fed wheat (var. Soissons) or its by-products without or with xylanase supplementation. Livest Prod Sci 62(2):119–132

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang YC, Jorgensen H, Fernandez JA, Knudsen KEB (2004) Digestibility of carbohydrates in growing pigs: a comparison between the T-cannula and the steered ileo-caecal valve cannula. Arch Anim Nutr 58(3):219–231

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Riddet Institute, Massey University, 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand

    Paul J. Moughan & Warren Miner-Williams

Authors
  1. Paul J. Moughan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Warren Miner-Williams
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Paul J. Moughan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. for Agronomic Research, National Institute, rue Claude Bernard 16, Paris, 75005, French S.Territ

    Francois Blachier

  2. TAMU 2471, College Station, 77843-2471, USA

    Guoyao Wu

  3. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Hunan Engineering and Research Center of Animal and Poultry, Hunan, 410125, Hunan, China, People's Republic

    Yulong Yin

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag Wien

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Moughan, P.J., Miner-Williams, W. (2013). Determination of Protein Digestibility in the Growing Pig. In: Blachier, F., Wu, G., Yin, Y. (eds) Nutritional and Physiological Functions of Amino Acids in Pigs. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1328-8_17

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation