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Immune Cells Within the Tumor Microenvironment

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Interaction of Immune and Cancer Cells

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Abstract

A plethora of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including communication between tumorigenic cells and infiltrating immune cells, fibroblasts, epithelial cells, vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells, cytokines and chemokines, constitute the tumor microenvironment. Although cancer cells can be immunogenic, tumor progression is associated with the evasion of immune surveillance, the promotion of tumor tolerance, and even the production of pro-tumorigenic factors by tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Here we will review the different types of immune cells within the tumors, with a focus on their fundamental role in tumor growth and immune escape, namely “cancer immunoediting.” Unraveling their roles and the molecular mechanisms of action represents today an important issue for the development of new therapeutic approaches to fighting cancer.

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Abbreviations

APC:

Antigen-presenting cell

ARG1:

Arginase 1

bFGF:

Basic fibroblast growth factor

BST2:

Stromal cell antigen 2

BTLA:

B and T-cell lymphocyte attenuator

CD25:

Interleukin(IL)-2 receptor α chain

COX-2:

Cyclooxygenase-2

CSF-1:

Colony-stimulating factor 1

CTLA-4:

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4

CTLs:

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

DCs:

Dendritic cells

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

FGF2:

Fibroblast growth factor-2

FOXP3:

Transcription factor forkhead box P3

IDO:

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase

IFN:

Interferon

IGF:

Insulin-like growth factor

IL:

Interleukin

ILT7:

Immunoglobulin-like transcript 7

iNOS:

Inducible nitric oxide synthase

KLRG-1:

Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G, member 1

LAG:

Lymphocyte-activation gene

M-CSF:

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor

mDCs:

Myeloid DCs

MDSCs:

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells

MHC:

Major histocompatibility complex

MMP:

Matrix metalloproteinase

NGF:

Nerve growth factor

NK:

Natural killer cells

NKT:

Natural killer T cells

NO:

Nitric oxide

PD-1:

Programmed cell death protein 1

pDCs:

Plasmacytoid DCs

PDGF:

Platelet-derived growth factor

PD-L1:

Programmed cell death protein 1 ligand

PGE2:

Prostaglandin E2

PyMT:

Polyoma middle T

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SCF:

Stem cell factor

SDF1:

Stromal-cell-derived factor 1

TAMs:

Tumor-associated macrophages

TCR:

T-cell receptor

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor-β

Tim-3:

T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3

TNF-α:

Tumor-necrosis factor-α

Tregs:

Regulatory T cells

TSLP:

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin

uPA:

Urokinase plasminogen activator

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, “Federico II” University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy

    Daniela Spano & Massimo Zollo

  2. Centro di Ingegneria Genetica (CEINGE), Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy

    Daniela Spano & Massimo Zollo

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  1. Daniela Spano
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  2. Massimo Zollo
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Correspondence to Massimo Zollo .

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  1. Institute of Medical Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland

    Magdalena Klink

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Spano, D., Zollo, M. (2014). Immune Cells Within the Tumor Microenvironment. In: Klink, M. (eds) Interaction of Immune and Cancer Cells. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1300-4_1

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