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Biomedical Applications of Peptide-, Glyco- and Glycopeptide Dendrimers, and Analogous Dendrimeric Structures pp 23–27Cite as

Sugar Code (Glycocode)

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Abstract

The vast majority of signal transduction processes in most living organisms are caused by four sorts of biomolecules: nucleic acids, proteins, glycoconjugates and lipids. The sequence and structure of nucleic acids, as well as, peptides and proteins have been extensively studied, including different sorts of interactions and functions. Genomics, proteomics, glycomics and lipomics represent four logically, chemically and biologically interconnected areas of research approaches to living organisms. The development in glycomics, in comparison with genomics and proteomics, was more demanding owing to the monumental growth of possible isomers and structural variations. Carbohydrates are unbeatable in information potential, compared with proteins and nucleic acids. This sort of coding (language) has been named glycocode resp. sugar code. It represents the complex information pool that carbohydrate structures are able to express. Monosaccharides as building blocks for oligo- and polysaccharide synthesis, represent therefore high-capacity information-storing and coding units, creating the third alphabet of life. The amount of information carried by glycopeptide dendrimers or glycodendrimers, in comparison with peptide dendrimers, is therefore much higher in all parameters, including structural variability, complexity, spectrum of biological activities, etc. The topics of sugar code, glycodendrimers and different sorts of nanoparticles partly overlap. Especially, carbohydrate-mediated molecular recognitions using nano-vehicles have a deep impact on medicine and open a new area of biomedical applications both in vitro and in vivo.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, AS CR, vvi, Prague, Czech Republic

    Jaroslav Šebestík

  2. Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, vvi, Prague, Czech Republic

    Milan Reiniš

  3. Laboratory of Glycoconjugates, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, AS CR, vvi, Prague, Czech Republic

    Jan Ježek

Authors
  1. Jaroslav Šebestík
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  2. Milan Reiniš
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  3. Jan Ježek
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Šebestík, J., Reiniš, M., Ježek, J. (2012). Sugar Code (Glycocode). In: Biomedical Applications of Peptide-, Glyco- and Glycopeptide Dendrimers, and Analogous Dendrimeric Structures. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1206-9_3

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