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Significance and Biological Consequences of Polyploidization in Land Plant Evolution

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Plant Genome Diversity Volume 2

Abstract

Although plant polyploidization is ubiquitous in nature, polyploidy has long been considered an evolutionary dead end, precluding further species diversification. However, recent genome sequencing projects have revealed that most, if not all angiosperms are in fact ancient polyploids, and that many plant species have undergone multiple whole-genome duplications (WGDs) in their evolutionary history. Moreover, studies investigating the genomic remains of WGDs have revealed that genome duplications have been essential for the expansion of developmentally important gene families, that they may have been crucial for plant speciation, diversification and evolutionary innovation, and that they may have facilitated the survival of plant species following large-scale ecological catastrophes. Although the significance of polyploidy in the evolution of angiosperms is now undeniable, many questions remain unanswered. A better understanding of WGDs and their consequences is crucial to really understand plant evolution. In this chapter, we discuss how genomic traces of ancient WGDs can be identified and dated, we describe the molecular biological consequences of polyploidization on shorter and longer evolutionary timescales, and we discuss in detail how WGDs might have contributed to the evolutionary success of descendant plant lineages.

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Acknowledgments

SM is a fellow of the Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders. JAF is a JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) postdoctoral fellow.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan

    Dr. Jeffrey A. Fawcett

  2. Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium

    Prof. Yves Van de Peer Ph.D.

  3. Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium

    Prof. Steven Maere

  4. Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium

    Prof. Steven Maere

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  1. Dr. Jeffrey A. Fawcett
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  1. Inst. Botanik und Botanischer Garten, Universität Wien, Rennweg 14, Wien, 1030, Austria

    Johann Greilhuber

  2. Inst. Experimental Botany, Dept. Plant Biotechnology, ASCR Olomouc, Sokolovska 6, Olomouc, 772 00, Czech Republic

    Jaroslav Dolezel

  3. Dept. Botany, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011-1024, Iowa, USA

    Jonathan F. Wendel

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Fawcett, J.A., Van de Peer, Y., Maere, S. (2013). Significance and Biological Consequences of Polyploidization in Land Plant Evolution. In: Greilhuber, J., Dolezel, J., Wendel, J. (eds) Plant Genome Diversity Volume 2. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1160-4_17

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