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Karyotype Diversity and Evolutionary Trends in Angiosperms

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Plant Genome Diversity Volume 2

Abstract

Karyotypic change constitutes an important evolutionary mechanism contributing to in angiosperm diversification and speciation. Comparative analyses of the karyotype usually include numerical features (chromosome number) and their changes (dysploidy, aneuploidy, polyploidy), as well as morphological features (chromosome size, karyotype length and genome size, centromere position and karyotype symmetry, secondary constrictions, supernumerary chromosomal material). More detailed characterization of angiosperm karyotypes involves also analyses of the abundance, distribution, and organization of specific molecular landmarks of different types (heterochromatin, ribosomal DNA, telomeric sequences, transposable elements, tandemly repeated DNA) and sizes (ranging from small genomic blocks to entire chromosome sets). This chapter describes the above mentioned karyotypic features and discusses their variation and evolutionary trends within angiosperms with respect to, for instance, their phylogenetic distribution and significance, directionality of chromosome number changes, or the nature and function of genetic elements involved in genome diploidization.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), especially projects T218 (Hertha-Firnberg Fellowship) and P21440 to HWS.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna, A-1030, Austria

    Prof. Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss (Faculty Center Botany)

  2. Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

    Prof. Gerald M. Schneeweiss (Faculty Center Botany)

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  1. Prof. Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss
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Correspondence to Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Inst. Botanik und Botanischer Garten, Universität Wien, Rennweg 14, Wien, 1030, Austria

    Johann Greilhuber

  2. Inst. Experimental Botany, Dept. Plant Biotechnology, ASCR Olomouc, Sokolovska 6, Olomouc, 772 00, Czech Republic

    Jaroslav Dolezel

  3. Dept. Botany, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011-1024, Iowa, USA

    Jonathan F. Wendel

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Weiss-Schneeweiss, H., Schneeweiss, G.M. (2013). Karyotype Diversity and Evolutionary Trends in Angiosperms. In: Greilhuber, J., Dolezel, J., Wendel, J. (eds) Plant Genome Diversity Volume 2. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1160-4_13

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