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Telomeres and Their Biology

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Plant Genome Diversity Volume 1

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Abstract

In contrast to prokaryotic chromosomes and plasmids, which are usually circular, most eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of linear DNA. The organisation of genomes into linear chromosomes poses two major challenges for chromosome metabolism. First, conventional DNA replication processes are unable to completely replicate the 3′ ends of linear chromosomes (known as the ‘end replication problem’) and second, the natural ends of linear chromosomes must be distinguished from DNA double-strand breaks. This is necessary so that they are protected from being recognised as DNA damage and being inappropriately repaired by, for example, the formation of chromosome fusions. To overcome these problems, eukaryotes have evolved specialised nucleoprotein complexes at the ends of linear chromosomes called telomeres. Telomeres have their own replication mechanism and serve as a protective chromosome end capping structure.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

    Maria F. Siomos

  2. Austrian Academy of Sciences, Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030, Vienna, Austria

    Karel Riha

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  1. Maria F. Siomos
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  2. Karel Riha
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Correspondence to Karel Riha .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Botany, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011-1024, Iowa, USA

    Jonathan F. Wendel

  2. Inst. Botanik und Botanischer Garten, Universität Wien, Rennweg 14, Wien, 1030, Austria

    Johann Greilhuber

  3. Inst. Experimental Botany, Dept. Plant Biotechnology, ASCR Olomouc, Sokolovska 6, Olomouc, 772 00, Czech Republic

    Jaroslav Dolezel

  4. Dept. Jodrell Lab., Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AB, Surrey, United Kingdom

    Ilia J. Leitch

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Siomos, M.F., Riha, K. (2012). Telomeres and Their Biology. In: Wendel, J., Greilhuber, J., Dolezel, J., Leitch, I. (eds) Plant Genome Diversity Volume 1. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1130-7_5

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