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NKG2D Activating Receptor

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Animal Lectins: Form, Function and Clinical Applications

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Abstract

Information on receptor ligand systems used by NK cells to specifically detect transformed cells has been accumulating rapidly. Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily K, member 1, also known as KLRK1, is the product of human gene. The KLRK1 has been designated as CD314 and contains a C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD). KLRK1 is also known as: KLR; NKG2D; NKG2-D; FLJ17759; FLJ75772; D12S2489E. Human NKG2D was originally identified in 1991 as an orphan receptor on NK cells (Houchins et al. 1991). Although genetically mapping near the C-type lectin receptors CD94 and NKG2A-E, the NKG2D activating NK cell receptor has little sequence homology with these receptors and is expressed as a homodimer that signals through DAP10 rather than CD94 (Chap. 30). NKG2D binds to two distinct families of ligands, the MHC class I chain-related peptides (MICA and MICB) and the UL-16 binding proteins (ULBP). These ligands are upregulated in cells that have undergone neoplastic transformation, and NK cytotoxicity on tumor cells correlates with tumor expression of MICA and ULBP. The NKG2D differs from other members of the NKG2 family in significant ways. They do not form heterodimers with CD94 on the cell surface. Instead, they are expressed as homodimers, and each homodimer associates noncovalently with a homodimer of the adaptor protein DAP-10. The cytoplasmic tail of DAP-10 carries a YxxM motif, which can recruit the regulatory subunit p85 of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase and Grb2 (see also Chap. 30).

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  1. Vaccine Production Division, Panacea Biotec, Lalru (Mohali), Punjab, India

    Rajesh K. Gupta (General Manager)

  2. Department of Biophysics, Punjab University, Chandigarh, India

    G. S. Gupta (Former Professor and Chairman)

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Gupta, R.K., Gupta, G.S. (2012). NKG2D Activating Receptor. In: Animal Lectins: Form, Function and Clinical Applications. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1065-2_31

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