Zusammenfassung
Das folgende Kapitel beschaftigt sich mit der Fragestellung, inwieweit Beratung und psychosoziale Behandlung in der Tabakentwohnung effektiv sind und welche Interventionen und Therapieelemente für RaucherInnen, abstinenzmotivierte RaucherInnen, für konsonante RaucherInnen und für RaucherInnen, die erst seit kurzer Zeit abstinent sind, für die Praxis evidenzbasiert empfohlen werden konnen. Zu Beginn wird eine Zusammenfassung sowohl zu spezifischen Kurzinterventionen als auch zu intensiven Entwohnstrategien prasentiert (Kapitel 1 und 2). Die zugrunde liegenden Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerungen der Meta-Analysen in Bezug auf Beratung und psychosoziale Behandlung der „Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group (Cochrane Reviews)“ [1] und der Meta-Analysen des „Clinical Practice Guideline, Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: Update 2008“ des United States Department of Human Health and Services, [2] in Folge kurz „Update 2008 des USDHHS“ genannt, publiziert von Fiore et al. (Kapitel 3, 4, 6), werden mit dem Grad der wissenschaftlichen Evidenz dargestellt (Kapitel 3–8). Abschliesend werden die Empfehlungen für Beratung und psychosoziale Behandlung zusammengefasst.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literatur
Lancaster T, Stead LF. Individual behavioural counselling for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD001292. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001292.pub2.
Fiore, et al. Treating Tobacco Use And Dependence. Clinical Practice Guideline, 2008 Update,.US. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service, 2008
Stead LF, Bergson G, Lancaster T. Physician advice for smoking cessation. Cochrane database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 2.Art-No.: CD000165.DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000165.pub3.
Rice VH, Stead LF. Nurse interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 1-Art. No.: CD001188. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001188.pub3.
Stead LF, Lancaster T. Group behaviour therapy programmes for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD001007. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001007.pub2.
Myung SK et al. Effects of Web-and Computer-Based Smoking Cessation Programs. Arch Intern Med, Volume 169[10]: 929–037, 2009
Rebhandl, E, ⇐p; al. Raucherentwohnung in der allgemeinmedizinischen Praxis, OGAM Konsensus Statement. Internationale Zeitschrift für arztliche Fortbildung, 2007
Lichtenschopf, A., Aigner K., Homeier I., Koessler W., Zwick, H. Standards der Raucherentwohnung, Konsensus der OGP. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 117. Jg. Supplementum 2, 2005
Literatur
Abbot NC, Stead LF, White AR, Barnes J (2005). Hypnotherapy for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1998, Update 2005, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD001008. DOI: 10.1002/14651858. CD001008.
Fiore MC et al. (2008). Treating Tobacco Use And Dependence. Clinical Practice Guideline, 2008 Update, US. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service, 2008
Zernig, G, Wallner R, Grohs U, Kriechbaum N, Kemmler, G, Saria A (2008). A randomized trial of short psychotherapy versus sustained-ralease bupropion for smok
Moshammer H, Neuberger M (2007). Long term success of short smoking cessation seminars supported by occupational health care. Addictive Behaviours 32(2007) 1486–1493
Literatur
Lumley J, Chamberlain C, Dowswell T, Oliver S, Oakley L, Watson L. Interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD001055. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001055.pub3.
Rice VH, Stead LF. Nurse interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 1-Art. No.: CD001188. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001188.pub3.
Fiore, et al. Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence. Clinical Practice Guideline, 2008 Update. US. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service, 2008
Literatur
West R, Hajek P, Foulds J, Nilsson F, May S, Meadows A. A comparison of the abuse liability and dependence potential of nicotine patch, gum, spray and inhaler. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 149 (2000) 198–202
Hughes JR, Adams EH, Franzon MA, Maguire MK, Guary J. A prospective study of off-label use of, abuse of, and dependence on nicotine inhaler. Tob Control 14 (2005) 49–54
Stead LF, Perera R, Bullen C, Mant D, Lancaster T. Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. Cochran Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 1. Art.No.: CD000146. DOI: 10.1002/14651858. CD000146.pub.3.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Treating Tobacco Use And Dependence.Clinical Practice Guideline, 2008 Update, Public Health Service, 2008
Standards der Raucherentwohnung. Konsensus der OGP. Wien. Klin. Wochenschr, 117 (2005) Supplementum 2
Benowitz NL (1988) Toxicity of nicotine. Implications with regard to nicotine replacement therapy. In: Pomerleau OF, Pomerleau CS (eds) Nicotine replacement. A critical evaluation. Alan R. Liss. mc, New York, 187–218
Killen JD, Fortman SP, Newman B, Varady A. Evaluation of a treatment approach combining nicotine gum with self-guided behavioral treatments for smoking relapse prevention. J Consult Clin Psychol 1990; 13: 17–27
Fagerstrom KO, Sawe U, Tonnesen P. Therapeutic use of nicotine patches: efficacy and safety. J Smoking Rel Dis 1992; 3: 247–261.
Tonnesen P, Paoletti P, Gustavsson G, Russell MA, Saracci R, Gulsvik A, et al. Higher dosage nicotine patches increase one-year smoking cessation rates: Results from the European CEASE trial. European Respiratory Journal 13 (1999) 238–246
Bolin LJ, Antonuccio DO, Follette WC, Krumpe P. Transdermal nicotine: the long and short of it. Psychology of Addicitve Behaviours 13 (1999) 152–156
Glavas D, Rumpoldt Z. Smoking cessation using the transdermal nicotine system. Lijernicki Vjesnik 125 (2003) 8–12
Sutherland G, Stapleton JA, Russel MAH et al. Randomized controlled trial of a nicotine nasal spray in smoking cessation. Lancet 1992; 340: 324–329
Glover ED, Glover PN, Franzon M, Sullivan CR, Cerullo CC, Howell RM, et al. A comparison of a nicotine sublingual tablet and placebo for smoking cessation. Nicotine Tob Res. 4 (2002) 441–450
Silagy C, Mant D, Fowler G, Lancaster T. Nicotine replacement for smoking cessation. Cochran Database of Systematic Reviews 2000 (3) CD000146
Hand S, Edwards S, Campbell IA, Cannings R. Controlled trial of three weeks nicotine replacement treatment in hospital patients also given advice and support. Thorax 57 (2002) 715–718
Blondal T, Gudmundsson LJ, Olafsdottir I, Gutavsson G, Westin A. Nicotine nasal spray with nicotine patch for smoking cessation: randomised trial with six year follow up. Br Med J 318 (1999) 285–289
Nides MA, Rakos RF, Gonzales D, et al. Predictors of initial smoking cessation and relapse through the first 2 years of the Lung Health Study. J Consult Clin Psychol 63 (1995) 60–69
Henningfield JE. Nicotine medications for smoking cessation. N Eng J Med 333 (1995) 1196–1203.
Kozlowski LT, Strasser AA, Giovino GA, et al. Applying the risk/use equilibrium: use medicinal nicotine now for harm reduction. Tob Control 10 (2001) 201–203
Meine TJ, Patel MR, Washam JB, et al. Safety and effectiveness of transdermal nicotine patch in smokers admitted with acute coronary syndromes. Am J Cardiol 95 (2005) 976–978
Mohiuddin SM, Mooss AN, Hunter CB, et al. Intensive smoking cessation intervention reduces mortality in high-risk smokers with cardiovascular disease. Chest 131 (2007) 446–452
Working Group for the Study of Transdermal Nicotine in Patients with Coronary artery disease. Nicotine replacement therapy for patients with coronary artery disease. Arch Intern Med 154 (1994) 989–995
Lee AH, Afessa B. The association of nicotine replacement therapy with mortality in a medical intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 35 (2007) 1517–1521
Literatur
Fiore, et al. Treating Tobacco Use And Dependence. Clinical Practice Guideline, 2008 Update, US. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service, 2008
Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence Clinical Practice Guideline, Michael C Fiore, MD, MPH Panel Chair, Hughes JR, Stead LF, Lancaster T; Antidepressants for Smoking cessation (Cochrane Review) The Cochrane Library; Issue 1, 2007
Parsons AC, Shraim M, Inglis J, Aveyard P, Hajek P. Interventions for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD006219.
Literatur
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Treating Tobacco Use And Dependence. Clinical Practice Guideline, 2008 Update, Public Health Service, 2008
Cahill K, Stead LF, Lancaster T. Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD006103. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006103.pub3
R Freedman. Exacerbation of Schizophrenia by Vareniclin. Am J Psychiatry 2007; 168: 1269
JA Stapleton, L Watson, LI Spirling, R Smith, A Milbrandt, M Ratcliffe, G Sutherland. Varenicline in the routine treatment of tobacco dependence: a pre-post comparison in those with mental illness. Addiction 2007; 103: 146–154
KE Williams, KR Reeves. Varenciline, and α4β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Partial Agonist, vs Sustained-Release Bupropion and Placebo for Smoking Cessation.
Rigotti NA, Pipe AL, Benowitz NL, Arteaga C, Garza D, Tonstad S. Efficacy and safety of varenicline for smoking cessation in patients with cardiovascular disease: a randomized trial. Circulation, 121: 221–229, 2010
Weitere Literatur zu Vareniclin
HJ Aubin, A Bobak, JR Britton, Ch Oncken, CB Billing Jr, J Gong, KE Williams, KR Reeves. Varenicline versus transdermal nicotine patch for smoking cessation: Results from a randomised, open-label trial. Thorax 2008; 0: 1–8.doi: 10.1136/thx.2007.090647
D Gonzales, SI Rennard, M Nides, Ch Oncken, S Azoulay, CB Billing, EJ Watsky, J Gong, JAMA 2006; 296: 47–55
DE Jorenby, JT Hays, NA Rigotti, S Azoulay, EJ Watsky, KE Williams, CB Billing, J Gong, KR Reeves Efficacy of Varenicline, an α4β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Partial Agonist, vs Placebo or Sustained-Release Bupropion for Smoking Cessation. JAMA 2006; 296: 56–63
I Kohen, G Oaks, N Kremen. Varenicline-Induced Manic Episode in a Patient With Bipolar Disorde. Am J Psychiatry 2007; 168: 1269–1270
R Niaura, JT Hays, DE Jorneby, FT Leone, JE Pappas, KR Rfeeves, KE Williams, CB Billing Jr. The efficacy and safety of varenicline for smoking cessation using a flexible dosing strategy in adult smokers: a randomized controlled trial. Current Medical Research and Opinions 2008; 24: 1931–1941
Literatur
Fiore et, Treating Tobacco Dependence; Clinical Practice Guideline 2008 Update. U.S. Department of Health an Human Services
Gourlay SG, Stead LF, Benowitz N. Clonidin for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, Issue 3 — last assessed as up to date 15 June 2008
Hughes JR, Stead LF, Lancaster T. Antidepressants for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 1 — last assessed as up to date 11 October 2008
Hughes JR, Stead LF, Lancaster T. Anxiolytics for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2000, Issue 4 — last assessed as up to date 25 April 2007
Lancaster T, Stead LF. Mecamylamine (a nicotine antagonist) for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1998, Issue 2 — last assessed as up to date 25 April 2007
Glover ED, Laflin MT, Schuh KJ, et al. A randomized, controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of a transdermal delivery system of nicotine/ mecamylamine in cigarette smokers. Addiction 2007; 102: 795–802.
Lancaster T, Stead LF. Silver acetate for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1997, Issue 3 — last assessed as up to date 26 April 2006
David S, Lancaster T, Stead LF, Evins AE. Opiod antagonists for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 4 — last assessed as up to date 8 August 2006
Stead LF, Lancaster T. Nicobrevin for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 2 — last assessed as up to date 6 February 2006
Stead LF, Hughes JR. Lobelin for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1997, Issue 4 — last assessed as up to date 27 April 2006
White AR, Rampes H, Campbell J. Acupuncture and related interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 1 — last assessed as up to date 23 October 2005
Abbot NC, Stead LF, White AR, Barnes J. Hypnotherapy for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1998, Issue 2 — last assessed as up to date 15 February 2005
Hasan FM, Pischke K, Saiyed S, et al. Hypnotherapy as an aid to smoking cessation of hospitalised patients: Preliminary results. Chest 2007; 132: 527s.
Hajek P, Stead LF. Aversive Smoking for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2001, Issue 3 — last assessed as up to date 29 January 2007
Ussher MH, Taylor A, Faulkner G. Exercise Interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 4 — last assessed as up to date 8 October 2008
Taylor AH, Ussher MH, Faulkner G. The acute effects of exercise on cigarette cravings, withdrawal symptoms, affect and smoking behaviour: a systematic review. Addiction 2007; 102: 534–43.
Literatur
Malin DH, Lake JR, Carter VA, Cunningham JS, Herbert KM, Conrad DL, Wilson OB (1994). The nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine prcipates nicotine abstinence syndrome in the rat; Psychopharmacology 115: 180–184
Stolerman IP, Goldfarb T, Fink R, Jarvik ME (1973) Influencing cigarette Smoking with Nicotine Antagonists. Psychopharmacologia (berl.) 28: 247–259
Bonese K F, Wainer B H, Fitch F W, Rothberg R M, Schuster C R (1974) Nature (London) 252: 708–710, pmid: 4474602.
Ricio M, Carrera A, Ashley JA, Wirsching P, Koob GF, Janda KD (2001); A second-generation vaccine protects against the psychoactive effects of cocaine PNAS 98(4): 1988–1992
Cornuz J, Klingker K, Mueller P, Jungi F, Cerny T (2005); A therapeutic vaccine for nicotine dependence: Results of a Phase I and a randomized phase II study; J.clin.oncology, 23(16S): 1008
Kosten TR, Rosen M, Bond J, Settles M, Roberts JStC, Shields J, Jack, Fox B (2002); Human therapeutic cocaine vaccine: safety and immunogenicity; Vaccine 20: 1196–1204
Pentel P, Lesage M, Keyler DE, Hatsukami D(2006); Immunological approches to nocotine addiction; in Medication treatments for nicotine dependence Von Tony P. George: 151–166
Kusma B, Deissenrieder F, Quarcoo D, Welte T, Groneberg D; Aktuelle und neue Medikamente in der Tabakentwohnung (2009), Laryng-Rhino-otol, 88: 410–423
Orson FM, Kinsey BM, Singh RA, Wu Y, Gardner T, Kosten TR (2008). Substance abuse vaccines. Ann N Y Acad Sci. Oct; 1141: 257–69
Maurer P, Jennings GT, Willers J, Rohner F, Lindman Y, Roubicek K, Renner WA, Muller Philip, Bachmann MF (2005); a therapeutic vaccine for nicotine dependence: preclinical efficacy, and phase I safety and immunogenocity; Eur.J.Immunol; 35: 2031–2040
Pentel PR (2004); A Vaccines and Depot Medications for Drug Addiction: Rationale, Mechanisms of Action, and Treatment Implications in New Treatments for Addiction: Behavioral, Ethical, Legal, and Social Questions von Henrick J. Harwood and Tracy G. Myers: 63–97
LeSage MG, Keyler DE, Pentel PR. (2006) Current Status of Immunologic Approaches to Treating Tobacco Dependence: Vaccines and Nicotine-specific Antibodies; AAPS Journal. 8(1): E65–E75.
Cornuz J, Zwahlen S, Jungi WF, Osterwalder J, Klingler K, van Melle G, Bangala Y, Guessous I, Muller Ph, Willers J, Maurer P,. Bachmann M F, Cerny T (2008); a vaccine against Nicotine for Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Controlled Trial; PLoS One. 25;3 (6): e2547.
Keyler D. E, Shoeman D, LeSage M. G, Calvin A. D, Pentel P R. (2003) Maternal Vaccination Against Nicotine Reduces Nicotine Distribution to Fetal Brain in Rats; JPET(Journal of Pharmacology And Experimental Therapeutics Fast Forward) 305[2]: 587–592
Literatur
Lamkin L, Houston TP. Nicotine dependency and adolescents: preventing and treating. Primary Care, 1998, 25: 123–135.
American Lung Association. Adolescent smoking statistics. 2003.
US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control, Center for Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health. Preventing tobacco use among young people: a report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA. 1994.
Escobedo LG et al. Sports participation, age at smoking initiation and the risk of smoking among US high school students. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1993; 269: 1391–1395.
HBSC (Health behavior in school-aged children) international report from the 2005/2006 survey. Inequalities in young people’s health, Chapter 2, Section 4, 2008. http://www.euro.who.int/Document/ E91416_Ch2_4.pdf, 25.5.2009
Baker TB, Brandon TH, Chassin L. Motivational influences on cigarette smoking. Annu Rev Psychol 2004; 55: 463–491.
Jackson C, Brown JD, L’Engle KL. R-rated movies, bedroom televisions, and initiation of smoking by white and black adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2007; 161: 260–268.
Lovato C, Linn G, Stead LF, et al. Impact of tobacco advertising and promotion on increasing adolescent smoking behaviours. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003: CD003439.
McCool JP, Cameron LD, Petrie KJ. The influence of smoking imagery on the smoking intentions of young people. Testing a media interpretation model. J Adolesc Health 2005; 36: 475–485.
Braverman MT, Aaro LE. Adolescent smoking and exposure to tobacco marketing under a tobacco advertising ban: findings from 2 Norwegian national samples. Am J Public Health 2004; 94: 1230–1238.
Hill KG, Hawkins JD, Catalano RF, et al. Family influences on the risk of daily smoking initiation. J Adolesc Health 2005; 37: 202–210.
Weiss JW, Merrill V, Gritz ER. Ethnic variation in the association between weight concern and adolescent smoking. Addict Behav 2007; 32: 2311–2316.
Cawley J, Markowitz S, Tauras J. Lighting up and slimming down: the effects of body weight and cigarette prices on adolescent smoking initiation. J Health Econ 2004; 23: 293–311.
Maggi S, Hertzman C, Vaillancourt T. Changes in smoking behaviors from late childhood to adolescence: insights from the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth. Health Psychol 2007; 26: 232–240.
Kobus K. Peers and adolescent smoking. Addiction 2003; 98: 37–55.
DiFranza JR, Savageau JA, Fletcher K, et al. Symptoms of tobacco dependence after brief intermittent use: the Development and Assessment of Nicotine Dependence in Youth-2 study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2007; 161: 704–710.
Al-Delaimy WK, White MM, Pierce JP. Adolescents’ perceptions about quitting and nicotine replacement therapy: findings from the California Tobacco Survey. J Adolesc Health 2006; 38: 465–468.
Health Research Inc: National Youth Smoking Cessation Survey. 2004. http://www.rwjf.org/programareas/resources/product.jsp?id=15433&pid=1141. 8.6.2009.
Hollis JF, Polen MR, Lichtenstein E, et al. Tobacco use patterns and attitudes among teens being seen for routine primary care. Am J Health Promot 2003; 17: 231–239.
Zhu SH, Sun J, Billings SC, et al. Predictors of smoking cessation in U.S. adolescents. Am J Prev Med 1999; 16: 202–207.
Engels RC, Knibbe RA, de Vries H, et al. Antecedents of smoking cessation among adolescents: who is motivated to change? Prev Med 1998; 27: 348–357.
Robinson LA, Vander Weg MW, Riedel BW, et al. „Start to Stop“: results of a randomised controlled trial of a smoking cessation programme for teens. Tob Control 2003; 12 (Suppl IV): 26–33.
Kaufman NJ, Castrucci BC, Mowery PD, et al. Predictors of change on the smoking uptake continuum among adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2002; 156: 581–588.
Sussman S, Dent C W, Stacy A W. Project towards no tobacco use: 1-year behavior outcomes. Am J Public Health 1993; 83: 1245–1250.
Weiglhofer H. Ich brauch’s nicht — ich rauch’ nicht. Nichtrauchen — Die coole Alternative. NichtraucherInnenprojekt an den Schulen von Stadt und Land Salzburg. Abschlussbericht nach drittem Projektjahr. 2005. http://www.kissme smokefree.eu/uploads/media/Evaluation_Endbericht.doc. 9.6.2009
Sussman S, Sun P, Dent CW. A meta-analysis of teen cigarette smoking cessation. Health Psychol 2006; 25: 549–557.
Winickoff JP, Hibberd PL, Case B, et al. Child hospitalization: an opportunity for parental smoking intervention. Am J Prev Med 2001; 21: 218–220.
Winickoff JP, Buckley VJ, Palfrey JS, et al. Intervention with parental smokers in an outpatient pediatric clinic using counseling and nicotine replacement. Pediatrics 2003; 112: 1127–1133.
Winickoff JP, Hillis VJ, Palfrey JS, et al. A smoking cessation intervention for parents of children who are hospitalized for respiratory illness: The Stop Tobacco Outreach Program. Pediatrics 2003a; 111: 140–145.
Curry SJ, Ludman EJ, Graham E, et al. Pediatric-based smoking cessation intervention for low-income women: a randomized trial. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2003; 157: 295–302.
Wall MA, Severson HH, Andrews JA, et al. Pediatric office-based smoking intervention: impact on maternal smoking and relapse. Pediatrics 1995; 96: 622–628.
Severson HH, Andrews JA, Lichtenstein E, et al. Reducing maternal smoking and relapse: long-term evaluation of a pediatric intervention. Prev Med 1997; 26: 120–130.
Sharif I, Oruwariye T, Waldman G, et al. Smoking cessation counseling by pediatricians in an inner-city setting. J Natl Med Assoc 2002; 94: 841–845.
Muramoto ML, Leischow SJ, Sherrill D, et al. Randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial of 2 dosages of sustained-release bupropion for adolescent smoking cessation. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2007; 161: 1068–1074.
Niederhofer H, Huber M. Bupropion may support psychosocial treatment of nicotine-dependent adolescents: preliminary results. Pharmacotherapy 2004; 24: 1524–1528.
Houtsmuller EJ, Henningfield JE, Stitzer ML. Subjective effects of the nicotine lozenge: assessment of abuse liability. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2003; 167: 20–27.
Hanson K, Allen S, Jensen S, et al. Treatment of adolescent smokers with the nicotine patch. Nicotine Tob Res 2003; 5: 515–526.
Moolchan ET, Robinson ML, Ernst M, et al. Safety and efficacy of the nicotine patch and gum for the treatment of adolescent tobacco addiction. Pediatrics 2005; 115: 407–414.
Roddy E, Romilly N, Challenger A, et al. Use of nicotine replacement therapy in socioeconomically deprived young smokers: a communitybased pilot randomised controlled trial. Tob Control 2006; 15: 373–376.
Literatur
Heath AC, Knopik VS, Madden PA, et al. Accuracy of mothers’ retrospective reports of smoking during pregnancy: comparison with twin sister informant ratings. Twin Res 2003; 6:297–301.
Wong M, Koren G. Bias in maternal reports of smoking during pregnancy associated with fetal distress. Can J Public Health 2001; 92:109–12.
Campbell E, Sanson-Fisher R, Walsh R. Smoking status in pregnant women assessment of self-report against carbon monoxide (CO). Addict Behav 2001;26:1–9.
Walsh RA, Redman S, Adamson L. The accuracy of self-report of smoking status in pregnant women. Addict Behav 1996; 21: 675–9.
Kendrick JS, Zahniser SC, Miller N, et al. Integrating smoking cessation into routine public prenatal care: the Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy project. Am J Public Health 1995;85: 217–22.
Lumley J, Oliver SS, Chamberlain C, et al. Interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004: CD001055.
Rigotti NA, Park ER, Regan S, et al. Efficacy of telephone counseling for pregnant smokers: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2006; 108: 83–92.
Ershoff DH, Quinn VP, Boyd NR, et al. The Kaiser Permanente prenatal smoking-cessation trial: when more isn’t better, what is enough? Am J Prev Med 1999; 17: 161–8.
Walsh RA, Redman S, Brinsmead MW, et al. A smoking cessation program at a public antenatal clinic. Am J Public Health 1997; 87: 1201–4.
Windsor RA, Cutter G, Morris J, et al. The effectiveness of smoking cessation methods for smokers in public health maternity clinics: a randomized trial. Am J Public Health 1985; 75: 1389–92.
Dornelas EA, Magnavita J, Beazoglou T, et al. Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a clinic-based counseling intervention tested in an ethnically diverse sample of pregnant smokers. Patient Educ Couns 2006;64: 342–9.
U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke: a report of the Surgeon General, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2006.
Walsh RA, Lowe JB, Hopkins PJ. Quitting smoking in pregnancy. Med J Aust 2001; 175: 320–3.
Pletsch PK, Kratz AT. Why do women stop smoking during pregnancy? Cigarettes taste and smell bad. Health Care Women Int 2004; 25: 671–9.
Solomon L, Quinn V. Spontaneous quitting: self-initiated smoking cessation in early pregnancy. Nicotine Tob Res 2004;6Suppl 2: S203–16
England LJ, Grauman A, Qian C, et al. Misclassification of maternal smoking status and its effects on an epidemiologic study of pregnancy outcomes. Nicotine Tob Res 2007;9: 1005–13.
Webb DA, Boyd NR, Messina D, et al. The discrepancy between self-reported smoking status and urine continine levels among women enrolled in prenatal care at four publicly funded clinical sites. J Public Health Manag Pract 2003; 9: 322–5.
Mullen PD, Carbonari JP, Tabak ER, et al. Improving disclosure of smoking by pregnant women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;165: 409–13
Lindqvist R, Lendahls L, Tollbom O, et al. Smoking during pregnancy: comparison of self-reports and cotinine levels in 496 women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2002; 81: 240–4.
Husten CG, Thorn SL. Tobacco: health effects and control. Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Appleton & Lange. In press.
England LJ, Kendrick JS, Wilson HG, et al. Effects of smoking reduction during pregnancy on the birth weight of term infants. Am J Epidemiol 2001; 154:694–701.
Lieberman E, Gremy I, Lang JM, et al. Low birthweight at term and the timing of fetal exposure to maternal smoking. Am J Public Health 1994; 84: 1127–31.
DiClemente CC, Dolan-Mullen P, Windsor RA. The process of pregnancy smoking cessation: implications for interventions. Tob Control 2000;9Suppl 3: III16–21.
U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. The health benefits of smoking cessation: a report of the Surgeon General. Publication No.(CDC) 90-8416. Rockville, MD, U.S Department of Health and Human Services, 1990.
U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. Women and smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2001.
American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Smoking and infertility. Available at: http://www.asrm.org/Patients/FactSheets/smoking.pdf
Colman GJ, Joyce T. Trends in smoking before, during, and after pregnancy in ten states. Am J Prev Med 2003; 24: 29–35.
Lelong N, Kaminski M, Saurel-Cubizolles MJ, et al. Postpartum return to smoking among usual smokers who quit during pregnancy. Eur J Public Health 2001;11: 334–9.
Matturri L, Ottaviani G, Lavezzi AM. Maternal smoking and sudden infant death syndrome: epidemiological study related to pathology. Virchows Arch 2006;449:697–706.
Lannero E, Wickman M, Pershagen G, et al. Maternal smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of recurrent wheezing during the first years of life (BAMSE). Respir Res 2006; 7: 3.
Billaud N. [What are the other long-term consequences of maternal smoking during pregnancy?]. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) 2005;34 Spec No 1: 3S234–40.
Shenassa ED, Brown MJ. Maternal smoking and infantile gastrointestinal dysregulation: the case of colic. Pediatrics 2004; 114:e497–505.
Schmitz M, Denardin D, Laufer Silva T, et al. Smoking during pregnancy and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, predominantly inattentive type: a case-control study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006; 45: 1338–45.
Vielwerth SE, Jensen RB, Larsen T, et al. The impact of maternal smoking on fetal and infant growth. Early Hum Dev 2007; 83: 491–5.
French GM, Groner JA, Wewers ME, et al. Staying smoke free: an intervention to prevent postpartum relapse. Nicotine Tob Res 2007; 9: 663–70.
Hajek P, Stead LF, West R, et al. Relapse prevention interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005: CD003999
Windsor RA, Woodby LL, Miller TM, et al. Effectiveness of Agency for Health Care Policy and Research clinical practice guideline and patient education methods for pregnant smokers in Medicaid maternity care. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 182: 68–75.
Wisborg K, Henriksen TB, Jespersen LB, et al. Nicotine patches for pregnant smokers: a randomized controlled study. Obstet Gynecol 2000; 96: 967–71.
Kapur B, Hackman R, Selby P, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of nicotine replacement therapy in pregnancy. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2001; 62: 274–8.
Pollack KI, Oncken C, Lipkus IM, et al. Nicotine replacement and behavioral therapy for smoking cessation in pregnancy. Am J Prev Med. 2007 Oct; 33(4): 297–305
Armour BS, Campbell VA, Crews JE, et al. State-level prevalence of cigarette smoking and treatment advice, by disability status, United States, 2004. Prev Chronic Dis 2007;4:A86.
Nielsen A, Hannibal CG, Lindekilde BE. Maternal smoking predicts the risk of spontaneous abortion. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2006; 85: 1057–65.
Kyrklund-Blomberg NB, Granath F, Cnattingius S. Maternal smoking and causes of very preterm birth. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2005; 84: 572–7.
Ananth CV, Cnattingius S. Influence of maternal smoking on placental abruption in successive pregnancies: a population-based prospective cohort study in Sweden. Am J Epidemiol 2007; 166: 289–95.
Jaddoe VW, Verburg BO, de Ridder MA, et al. Maternal smoking and fetal growth characteristics in different periods of pregnancy: the generation R study. Am J Epidemiol 2007; 165: 1207–15.
Lampl M, Kuzawa CW, Jeanty P. Growth patterns of the heart and kidney suggest inter-organ collaboration in facultative fetal growth. Am J Hum Biol 2005; 17: 178–194.
Dejmek J, Solansky I, Podrazilova K, et al. The exposure of nonsmoking and smoking mothers to environmental tobacco smoke during different gestational phases and fetal growth. Environ Health Perspect 2002; 110: 601–6.
McMartin KI, Platt MS, Hackman R, et al. Lung tissue concentrations of nicotine in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). J Pediatr 2002; 140: 205–9.
Shah T, Sullivan K, Carter J. Sudden infant death syndrome and reported maternal smoking during pregnancy. Am J Public Health 2006; 96: 1757–9.
Chiolero A, Bovet P, Paccaud F. Association between maternal smoking and low birth weight in Switzerland: the EDEN study. Swiss Med Wkly 2005; 135: 525–30.
Woody RC, Brewster MA. Telencephalic dysgenesis associated with presumptive maternal carbon monoxide intoxication in the first trimester of pregnancy. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1990; 28: 467–75.
Okeda R, Matsuo T, Kuroiwa T, et al. Experimental study on pathogenesis of the fetal brain damage by acute carbon monoxide intoxication of the pregnant mother. Acta Neuropathol 1986; 69: 244–52.
Molinari C, Grossini E, Mary DA, et al. The role of nitric oxide in the peripheral vasoconstriction caused by human placental lactogen in anaesthetized pigs. Exp Physiol 2006; 91: 603–10.
Stennett AK, Khalil RA. Neurovascular mechanisms of hypertension in pregnancy. Curr Neurovasc Res 2006; 3: 131–48.
Jacobsen LK, Slotkin TA, Mencl WE, et al. Gender-specific effects of prenatal and adolescent exposure to tobacco smoke on auditory and visual attention. Neuropsychopharmacology 2007; 32: 2453–64.
Ginzel KH, Maritz GS, Marks DF, et al. Critical review: nicotine for the foetus, the infant and the adolescent? J Health Psychol 2007; 12: 215–24.
Slotkin TA, Ryde IT, Tate CA, et al. Lasting effects of nicotine treatment and withdrawal on serotonergic systems and cell signaling in rat brain regions: separate or sequential exposure during fetal development and adulthood. Brain Res Bull 2007; 73: 259–72.
Oncken CA, Kranzler HR. Pharmacotherapies to enhance smoking cessation during pregnancy. Drug Alcohol Rev 2003; 22: 191–202
Morales-Suarez-Varela MM, Bille C, Christensen K, et al. Smoking habits, nicotine use, and congenital malformations. Obstet Gynecol 2006; 107: 51–7.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Smoking cessation during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2005; 106: 883–8.
Smoking and infertility. Fertil Steril 2006; 86: S172–7.
Gage JD, Everett KD, Bullock L: A review of research literature addressing male partners and smoking during pregnancy. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2007 Nov–Dec; 36(6): 574–80.Review
Bottorff JL, Kalaw C, Johnson JL, Stewart M, Greaves L, Carey J.: Couple dynamics during women’s tobacco reduction in pregnancy and postpartum. Nicotine Tob Res. 2006 Aug;8(4): 499–509
Ma Y, Goins KV, Pbert L, Ockene JK.: Predictors of smoking cessation in pregnancy and maintenance postpartum in low-income women. Matern Child Health J. 2005 Dec;9(4): 393–402
Fang WL, Goldstein AO, Butzen AY, Hartsock SA, Hartmann KE, Helton M, Lohr JA.: Smoking cessation in pregnancy: a review of postpartum relapse prevention strategies. J Am Board Fam Pract. 2004 Jul–Aug;17(4): 264–75. Review
Earhart AD, Patrikeeva S, Wang X, Abdelrahman DR, Hankins GD, Ahmed MS, Nanovskaya T.: Transplacental transfer and metabolism of bupropion. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2010 May; 23(5): 409–16.
Tschabitscher P, Homaier I, Lichtenschopf A, Groman E.: Varenicline-pharmacological therapy of tobacco dependence. Wien Med Wochenschr 2009; 159(1–2): 17–23
Crawford JT, Tolosa JE, Goldenberg RL.: Smoking cessation in pregnancy: why, how, and what next... Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Jun; 51(2):419–35
Coleman T.: Recommendations for the use of pharmacological smoking cessation strategies in pregnant women. CNS Drugs. 2007;21(12):983–93
Oncken CA, Kranzler HR.: What do we know about the role of pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation before or during pregnancy? Nicotine Tob Res. 2009 Nov;11(11): 1265–73
Coleman T, Chamberlain C, Cooper S, Leonardi-Bee J.: Efficacy and safety of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation in pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction. 2010 Nov 4. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03179.x. [Epub ahead of print)
Literatur
G. Lee et al. Chronic inflammation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. Curr. Opinion in pulm. Med. 2009; 15: 303–307.
M.G. Cosio et al.: Immunologic aspects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N.Engl.J.Med. 2009; 360: 2445–2454.
M. Saetta et al. Cellular and Structural Bases Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. AJRCCM 2001; 163: 1304–1309.
www.goldcopd.org
J.C. Hogg et al. Pathophysiology of air flow limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lancet 2004; 364: 709–721.
F.J. Martinez et al. Longitudinal Change in the BODE Index Predicts Mortality in Severe Emphysema. AJRCCM 2008; 178: 491–499.
J.B. Soriano et al. Patterns of comorbidity in newly diagnosed COPD and Asthma in primary care. CHEST 2005; 128: 2099–2107.
B.R. Celli. Update on the Management of COPD. CHEST 2008; 133: 1451–1462.
D.D. Sinn et al. Mortality in COPD: roll of comorbidities. Eur. Resp. J. 2006; 28: 1245–1257.
K. Stavem et al. Lung function, smoking and mortality in a 26-year follow up of healthy middle-aged males. Eur. Resp. J. 2005; 26: 618–625
D.M. Mannino. COPD and Lung Cancer Have Come a Long Way... Baby. AJRCCM 2007; 176: 108–109.
C.J.L. Murray et al. Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990–2020: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 1997; 349: 1498–1504.
S. Rennard et al. COPD: the dangerous underestimate of 15 %. Lancet 2006; 367: 1216–1219.
A.S. Buist et al. The burden of lung disease initiative (BOLD) Rationale und Design. J. COPD 2005; 2: 277–283.
L. Schirnhofer et al. COPD Prevalence in Salzburg, Austria. CHEST 2007; 131: 29–36.
R.J. Halbert et al. Global burden of COPD, systematic review and metaanalysis. Eur. Respir. J. 2006; 28: 924–928.
Eur. Respir. Society. Europ. Lung White Book 2003.
www. who.int/evidence
G.E. Silva et al. Asthma is a risk factor for COPD in a longitudinal study. Chest 2004; 126: 59–65.
M.W. Gerbase et al. Respiratory Effects of Environmental Tobacco Exposure Are Enhanced by Bronchial Hyperreactivity. AJRCCM 2006; 174: 1125–1131.
M.P. Oryszcyn et al. Relationship of Active and Passive Smoking to Total IgE in Adults. AJRCCM 2000; 161: 1241–1246.
Z.X. Wu et al. Airway Hyperresponsiveness to Cigarette Smoke in Ovalbumion-sensitized Guinea Pigs. AJRRCM 2000; 161: 73–80.
E.H. Bel. Smoking. A Neglected Cause of Glukocorticoid Resistence in Asthma. AJRCCM 2003; 168: 1265–1266.
R. Strassmann et al. Smoking cessation in interventions in COPD: a network meta-analysis of randomised trials. Eur. Resp. J. 2009; 34: 634–640.
D.P. Tashkin et al. Smoking cessation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Resp Med 2009; 103: 963–974.
N.S. Godtfredsen et al. COPD-related morbidity and mortality after smoking cessation: status of evidence. Eur. Respir. J. 2008; 32: 844–853.
N.R. Anthonisen et al. The Effects of a smoking cessation intervention on 14, 5-year mortality. Ann. Int. Med. 2005; 142: 233–239.
D.M. Mannino et al. Global burden of COPD: risk factors, prevalence, and future trends. Lancet 2007; 370: 765–773.
A.U. Wells et al. Smoking-induced diffuse interstitial lung diseases. Thorax 2007; 62: 904–910.
R. Nagarjun Rao et al. Smoking-related interstitial lung disease. Ann. Diagn. Pathol. 2008; 12: 445–457.
M. Fraig et al. Respiratory bronchiolitis: a clinicopathological study in current smokers, ex-smokers and never smokers. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 2002; 26: 647–653.
R. Doll et al. Smoking and carcinoma of the lung: a preliminary report. Brit. Med. J. 1950; 2: 739–748.
R. Doll et al. The british doctors study. Brit. Med. J. 1956; 2: 1451–1456.
A. Jemal et al. Cancer statistic 2007. Cancer J. Clin. 2007; 57: 43–66.
C.I. Henschke et al. Women’s susceptibility to tobacco carcinogens and survival after diagnosis of lung cancer. JAMA 2006; 296: 180–184.
E.F. Patz et al. Lung cancer screening, overdiagnosis bias, and reevaluation of the Mayer Lung Project. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 2006; 98: 724–725.
R. MacRedmont et al. Screening for lung cancer using low dose CT scanning: result for 2 year follow up. THORAX 2006; 61: 54–56.
A. Risch et al. Lung cancer epigenetics and genetics. Int. J. Cancer 2008; 123: 1–7.
S. Dubey et al. Update in Lung Cancer 2006. AJRCCM 2007; 175: 868–874.
S. Dubey et al. Update in Lung Cancer 2007. AJRCCM 2008; 177: 941–946.
L.F. Stead et al. Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008.
G.R. Hughes et al. Antidepressants for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007.
K. Cahill et al. Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008.
W. Zhau et al. Smoking cessation before diagnosis and survival in early non-small cell lung cancer patients. Lung Cancer 2006; 53: 375–380.
G.M. Videtic et al. Continued cigarette smoking by patients receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy is associated with decreased survival. J. Clin. Oncol. 2003; 21: 1544–1549.
Van der Meer, E Wagema et al. Smoking cessation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systenatic Reviews 2009, Issue 4
Literatur
Jee SH, Suh I, Kim IS, Appel LJ. Smoking and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in men with low levels of serum cholesterol: the Korea Medical Insurance Corporation Study. JAMA, 282: 2149–2155, 1999.
Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, Dans T, Avezum A, Lanas F, McQueen M, Budaj A, Pais P, Varigos J, Lisheng L; INTERHEART Study Investigators. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet, 364: 937–952, 2004.
Prescott E, Scharling H, Osler M, Schnohr P. Importance of light smoking and inhalation habits on risk of myocardial infarction and all cause mortality. A 22 year follow up of 12 149 men and women in The Copenhagen City Heart Study. J Epidemiol. Community Health, 56: 702–706, 2002.
Bjartveit K and Tverdal A. Health consequences of smoking 1—4 cigarettes per day. Tob. Control, 14: 315–320, 2005.
Njolstad I, Arnesen E, Lund-Larsen PG. Smoking, serum lipids, blood pressure, and sex differences in myocardial infarction. A 12-year follow-up of the Finnmark Study. Circulation, 93: 450–456, 1996.
Howard G, Burke GL, Szklo M, Howard G, Burke GL, Szklo M, Tell GS, Eckfeldt J, Evans G, Heiss G. Active and passive smoking are associated with increased carotid wall thickness. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Arch Intern Med, 154: 1277–1282, 1994.
Lee AJ, Fowkes FG, Carson MN, Leng GC, Allan PL. Smoking, atherosclerosis and risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Eur Heart J, 18: 671–676, 1997.
Leng GC, Lee AJ, Fowkes FG, Lowe GD, Housley E. The relationship between cigarette smoking and cardiovascular risk factors in peripheral arterial disease compared with ischaemic heart disease. The Edinburgh Artery Study. Eur Heart J, 16: 1542–1548, 1995.
The health benefits of smoking cessation. A report of the Surgeon General, Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. DHHS Publication (CDC) 90-8416, 1990.
Critchley JA, Capewell S. Mortality risk reduction associated with smoking cessation in patients with coronary heart disease: a systematic review. JAMA, 290: 86–97, 2003.
Kenfield SA, Stampfer MJ, Rosner BA, Colditz GA. Smoking and smoking cessation in relation to mortality in women. JAMA, 299: 2037–2047, 2008.
Teo KK, Ounpuu S, Hawken S, Pandey MR, Valentin V, Hunt D, Diaz R, Rashed W, Freeman R, Jiang L, Zhang X, Yusuf S; INTERHEART Study Investigators. Tobacco use and risk of myocardial infarction in 52 countries in the INTERHEART study: a case-control study. Lancet, 368: 647–658, 2006.
Hasdai D, Garratt KN, Grill DE, Lerman A, Holmes DR Jr. Effect of smoking status on the long-term outcome after successful percutaneous coronary revascularization. N Engl J Med, 336: 755–761, 1997.
Mohiuddin SM, Mooss AN, Hunter CB, Grollmes TL, Cloutier DA, Hilleman DE. Intensive smoking cessation intervention reduces mortality in high-risk smokers with cardiovascular disease. Chest, 131: 446–452, 2007.
Silagy C, Lancaster T, Stead L, Mant D, Fowler G. Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, CD000146, 2004.
Joseph AM, Norman SM, Ferry LH, Prochazka AV, Westman EC, Steele BG, Sherman SE, Cleveland M, Antonuccio DO, Hartman N, McGovern PG. The safety of transdermal nicotine as an aid to smoking cessation in patients with cardiac disease. N Engl J Med, 335: 1792–1798, 1996.
Lee, AH, Afessa, B. The association of nicotine replacement therapy with mortality in a medical intensive care unit. Crit Care Med, 35: 1517–1521, 2007.
Tonstad S, Farsang C, Klaene G, Lewis K, Manolis A, Perruchoud AP, Silagy C, van Spiegel PI, Astbury C, Hider A, Sweet R. Bupropion SR for smoking cessation in smokers with cardiovascular disease: a multicentre, randomised study. Eur Heart J, 24: 946–955, 2003.
Rigotti NA, Pipe AL, Benowitz NL, Arteaga C, Garza D, Tonstad S. Efficacy and safety of varenicline for smoking cessation in patients with cardiovascular disease: a randomized trial. Circulation, 121: 221–229, 2010.
Smith SC Jr, Allen J, Blair SN, Bonow RO, Brass LM, Fonarow GC, Grundy SM, Hiratzka L, Jones D, Krumholz HM, Mosca L, Pasternak RC, Pearson T, Pfeffer MA, Taubert KA; AHA/ACC; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. AHA/ACC guidelines for secondary prevention for patients with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease: 2006 update: endorsed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Circulation, 113: 2363–2372, 2006.
Cesaroni G, Forastiere F, Agabiti N, Valente P, Zuccaro P, Perucci CA. Effect of the Italian smoking ban on population rates of acute coronary events. Circulation, 117: 1183–1188, 2008.
Literatur
Wolf PA, D’Agostino RB, Belanger AJ, Kannel WB. Probability of stroke: a risk profile from the Framingham Study. Stroke. 1991; 22: 312–318
Manolio TA, Kronmal RA, Burke GL, O’Leary DH, Price TR. Short-term predictors of incident stroke in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Stroke. 1996; 27: 1479–1486
Rodriguez BL, D’Agostino R, Abbott RD, Kagan A, Burchfiel CM, Yano K, Ross GW, Silbershatz H, Higgins MW, Popper J, Wolf PA, Curb JD. Risk of hospitalized stroke in men enrolled in the Honolulu Heart Program and the Framingham Study: a comparison of incidence and risk factor effects. Stroke. 2002; 33: 230–236
Lesch OM, Raucherentwöhnung — Tipps zur Pravention und Therapie in der Praxis; 1. Auflage-Bremen: UNI-MED, 2007
Abbott RD, Yin Y, Reed DM, Yano K: risk of stroke in male cigarette smokers. N Engl J Med 1986; 315: 717–720.
Colditz DA, Bonita R, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Manson JE, Rosner B, Speizer FE, Hennekens CH: Cigarette smoking and risk of stroke in middle-aged women. N Engl J Med 1988; 318: 937–941.
Kurth T, Kase CS, Berger K, Schaeffner ES, Buring JE, Gaziano JM Smoking and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke in men. Stroke. 2003 May; 34(5): 1151–1155. Epub 2003 Mar 27
Broderick JP, Viscoli CM, Brott T, Kernan WN, Brass LM, Feldmann E, Morgenstern LB, Wilterdink JL, Horwitz RI; Hemorrhagic Stroke Project Investigators; Major risk factors for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in the young are modifiable. Stroke. 2003 Jun; 34(6): 1375–1381. Epub 2003 May 22
Shinton R, Beevers G. Meta-analysis of relation between cigarette smoking and stroke. Br Med J. 1989; 298: 789–794
Goldstein LB, Adams R, Alberts MJ, Appel LJ, Brass LM, Bushnell CD, Culebras A, Degraba TJ, Gorelick PB, Guyton JR, Hart RG, Howard G, Kelly-Hayes M, Nixon JV, Sacco RL; American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council; Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease Interdisciplinary Working Group; Cardiovascular Nursing Council; Clinical Cardiology Council; Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism Council; Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group; American Academy of Neurology. Primary prevention of ischemic stroke: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council Stroke. 2006 Jun; 37(6): 1583–633. Epub 2006 May 4. Erratum in: Stroke. 2007 Jan; 38 (1): 207.
Ischemic Stroke and combined oral contraceptives: Results of an international, multicenter case control study; WHO Collaberative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. Lancet 1996; 138; 498–505
World Health Organization: Hemorrhagic stroke, overall stroke risk and combined oral contraceptives: Results of an international, multicenter case control study; WHO Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. Lancet 1996; 138; 505–510
Qureshi AI, Suri MF, Kirmani JF, Divani AA: Cigarette smoking among spouses: nother risk factor for stroke in women. Stroke 2005; 36: e74–76.
Lesch OM, Walter H (2008) Alkohol und Tabak Medizinische und Soziologische Aspekte von Gebrauch, Missbrauch und Abhangigkeit. Mit einem Beitrag von Christian Wetschka. Springer Verlag.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2003 Apr; 5(2): 141–144, Introduction: studies of tobacco dependence treatment and methodology, Olov Fagerstrom K.
Circulation. 2006 Mar 14; 113(10): e409–e449. Guidelines for prevention of stroke in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke: Sacco RL, Adams R, Albers G, Alberts MJ, Benavente O, Furie K, Goldstein LB, Gorelick P, Halperin J, Harbaugh R, Johnston SC, Katzan I, Kelly-Hayes M, Kenton EJ, Marks M, Schwamm LH, Tomsick T; American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke; Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention; American Academy of Neurology.
Stead LF, Perera R, Bullen C, Mant D, Lancester T. Nicotin replacement therapy for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008; (1): CD000146.
Literatur
Facchini FS, Hollenbeck CB, Jeppesen J, Chen YD, Reaven GM. Insulin resistance and cigarette smoking. Lancet. 1992 May 9; 339(8802): 1128–1130.
Chaturvedi N, Stephenson JM, Fuller JH. The relationship between smoking and microvascular complications in the EURODIAB IDDM Complications Study. Diabetes Care. 1995 Jun; 18(6): 785–792.
Tonstad S, Svendsen M. Am J Cardiol, 2005 Dec 15; 96(12): 1681–1685.
Manson JE, Ajani UA, Liu S, Nathan DM, Hennekens CH. A prospective study of cigarette smoking and the incidence of diabetes mellitus among US male physicians. Am J Med. 2000 Nov; 109(7): 538–542.
Kawakami N, Takatsuka N, Shimizu H, Ishibashi H: Effects of smoking on the incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Am J Epidemiol 1997; 145: 103–109.
Cho NH, Chan JC, Jang HC, Lim S, Kim HL, Choi SH: Cigarette smoking is an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes: a four-year community-based prospective study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2009 Mar 28.
Willi C, Bodenmann P, Ghali WA, Faris PD, Cornuz J: Active smoking and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2007 Dec 12; 298(22): 2654–2664.
Sairenchi T, Iso H, Nishimura A, Hosoda T, Irie F, Saito Y, Murakami A, Fukutomi H. Cigarette smoking and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among middle-aged and elderly Japanese men and women. Am J Epidemiol. 2004 Jul 15; 160(2): 158–162.
Wannamethee SG, Shaper AG, Perry IJ; British Regional Heart Study. Smoking as a modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes in middle-aged men. Diabetes Care. 2001 Sep; 24(9): 1590–1595.
Weitzman M, Cook S, Auinger P, Florin TA, Daniels S, Nguyen M, Winickoff JP. Tobacco Smoke Exposure Is Associated With the Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents. Circulation 2005; 112: 862–869.
Houston TK, Person SD, Pletcher MJ, Liu K, Iribarren C, Kiefe CI. Active and passive smoking and development of glucose intolerance among young adults in a prospective cohort: CARDIA study. Br Med J 2006; 332: 1064–1069.
Nilsson PM, Cederholm J, Eeg-Olofsson K, Eliasson B, Zethelius B, Fagard R, Gudbjornsdottir S; Swedish National Diabetes Register. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2009 Aug; 16(4): 506–12
Haire-Joshu D, Glasgow RE, Tibbs TL. Smoking and diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1999 Nov; 22(11): 1887–98.
Howard G, Wagenknecht LE, Burke GL, Diez-Rouz A, Evans GW, McGovern P, Nieto FJ, Tell GS: Smoking and Progression of Atherosclerosis: The ARIC Study. JAMA 1998; 279: 119–124.
Orth SR, Schroeder T, Ritz E, Ferrari P. Effects of smoking on renal function in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2005 Nov; 20(11): 2414–9.
Biesenbach G, Grafinger P, Janko O, Zazgornik J. Influence of cigarettesmoking on the progression of clinical diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients. Clin Nephrol. 1997 Sep; 48(3): 146–50.
Anan F, Takahashi N, Shinohara T, Nakagawa M, Masaki T, Katsuragi I, Tanaka K, Kakuma T, Yonemochi H, Eshima N, Saikawa T, Yoshimatsu H. Smoking is associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients. Eur J Clin Invest. 2006 Jul; 36(7): 459–65.
Tesfaye S, Chaturvedi N, Eaton SE, Ward JD, Manes C, Ionescu-Tirgoviste C, Witte DR, Fuller JH; EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study Group. Vascular risk factors and diabetic neuropathy. N Engl J Med. 2005 Jan 27; 352(4): 341–50.
Canoy D, Canoy D, Wareham N, Luben R, Welch A, Bingham S, Day N, Khaw KT. Cigarette smoking and fat distribution in 21,828 British men and women: a population-based study. Obes Res. 2005; 13: 1466–75.
Assali AR, Beigel Y, Schreibman R, Shafer Z, Fainaru M. Weight gain and insulin resistance during nicotine replacement therapy. Clin Cardiol. 1999 May; 22(5): 357–60.
Filozof C, Fernandez Pinilla MC, Fernandez-Cruz A. Smoking cessation and weight gain. Obes Rev. 2004 May; 5(2): 95–103.
Muhlhauser I: Cigarette smoking and diabetes: An update. Diabetic Medicine, 1994; 11: 336–43.
Turner RC, Turner RC, Millns H, Neil HA, Stratton IM, Manley SE, Matthews DR, Holman RR. Risk factors for coronary artery disease in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS: 23) Br Med J 1998; 316: 823–828.
Gill GV, Morgan C, MacFarlane IA. Diabet Med. 2005 May; 22(5): 658–660.
Albareda M, Sanchez L, Gonzalez J, Viguera J, Mestron A, Vernet A, Vila L. Metabolism. 2009 Sep; 58(9): 1234–1238.
Brath H, Lasar D, Buchhausl I, Kastenbauer T, Binter E. Acta Med Austriaca. 1999; 26(5): 163–167
Canga N, De Irala J, Vara E, Duaso MJ, Ferrer A, Martinez-Gonzalez MA. Intervention study for smoking cessation in diabetic patients: a randomized controlled trial in both clinical and primary care settings. Diabetes Care. 2000 Oct; 23(10): 1455–160.
Literatur
Kunze M, Schoberberger R, Abelin Th, Gutzwiller F, Keil U, Kruse W, Matthys H. Smoking cessation: consensus in the German speaking countries. Int J Smoking Cessation 1992; 1: 6–9
Zhu S, Melcer T, Sun J et al. Smoking cessation with and without assistance: a population based analysis. Am J Prev Med 2000; 18(4): 305–311
West R, McNeill A and Raw M. Smoking Cessation Guidelines for Health Professionals. Thorax 2000; 55: 987–999
Kunze M, Schoberberger R, Groman E. Diagnose-und Therapieempfehlung zur Behandlung von Rauchern. Onkologisch spezial. Informationsreihe der Österreichischen Krebshilfe — Krebsgesellschaft, 7. Jahrgang, Nr.4/1999
Fiore MC. Smoking cessation. Rockville, Md.: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1996. Clinical Practice guideline no. 18; AHCPR publication no. 96-0692
Benowitz NL. Drug therapy. Pharmacologic aspects of cigarette smoking and nicotine addiction. N Engl J med 1988; 319(29): 1318–1330
Groman E, Bayer P, Kunze U, Schmeiser-Rieder A, Schoberberger R. Diagnostik und Therapie der Tabakabhängigkeit — eine Analyse des Bedarfs in Österreich. Wien med Wschr 2000; 150: 109–114
Prochaska JO, Di Clemente CC, Norcross JC. In search of how people change. Applications to addictive behaviors. Am Psychol 1992; 47(9): 1102–1114
Raw M, McNeill A and West R. Smoking Cessation Guidelines for Health Professionals — A guide to effective smoking cessation interventions for the health care system. Thorax 1998; 53(Suppl 5): 1–18
Silagy C, Lancaster T, Stead L et al. Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. The Cochrane Library, Issue 3, 2004
Silagy C, Stead LF. Physician advice for smoking cessation. The Cochrane Library, Issue 3, 2004. The Smoking Cessation Clinical Practice Guideline Panel and Staff. The Agency for Health Care Policy and Research smoking cessation clinical practice guideline. JAMA 1996; 275: 1270–1280
Miller WR. Motivational interviewing: research, practice and puzzles. Addict Behav 1996; 21(6): 835–842
Schoberberger R, Kunze U, Schmeiser-Rieder A. et al. Wiener Standard zur Diagnostik der Nikotinabhängigkeit: Wiener Standard Raucher-Inventar (WSR). Wiener Med.Wochenschr 1998; 148: 52–64
Kössler W, 13th Annual Congress of the European Respiratory Society, Sept. 2003; Vienna, Austria
Rieder A, Kunze U, Groman E et al. Nocturnal sleep-disturbing nicotine craving: a newly described symptom of extreme nicotine dependence. Acta Med Austriaca 2001; 28(1): 21–22
Literatur
Kraus L, Rösner S, Baumeister SE, Pabst A, Steiner S. Epidemiologischer Suchtsurvey 2006. Repräsentativerhebung zum Gebrauch und Missbrauch psychoaktiver Substanzen bei Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen in Berlin. München, 2008 (IFT-Berichte Bd. 167).
Galanti MR, Rosendahl I, Post A, Gilljam H. Early gender differences in adolescent tobacco use-The experience of a Swedish cohort Scandinavian. Journal of Public Health, 2001; 29(4): 314–317.
Franke A, Winkler K. (2001). Störungen durch psychotrope Substanzen. In: Franke A, Kämmerer A. Klinische Psychologie der Frau. Göttingen: Hogrefe, S. 93–142.
Costello EJ, Mustillo S, Erkanli A, Keeler G, Angold A. Prevalence and Development of Psychiatric Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003; 60: 837–844.
Marshall J. Alcohol and drug misuse in women. In Kohen D. Women and Mental Health: Routledge, London 2000.
Wilens TE, Biederman J, Spencer TJ, et al. A pilot controlled clinical trial of ABT-418, a cholinergic agonist, in the treatment of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1999; 156: 1931–1937.
Biederman J. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a selective overview. Biol Psychiatry. 2005; 57(11): 1215–1220.
Upadhyaya HP, Deas D, Brady KT, Kruesi M. Cigarette smoking and psychiatric comorbidity in children and adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002 Nov; 41(11): 1294–1305.
Biederman J, Mick E, Faraone SV, Braaten E, Doyle A, Spencer T, Wilens TE, Frazier E, Johnson MA. Influence of gender on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children referred to a psychiatric clinic Am J Psychiatry. 2002; 159(1): 36–42.
Döpfner M, Breuer D, Wille N, Erhart M, Ravens-Sieberer U and the BELLA study group. How often do children meet ICD-10/DSM-IV criteria of attention deficit-/hyperactivity disorder and hyperkinetic disorder? Parent-based prevalence rates in a national sample — results of the BELLA study. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2008; 17(1): 59–70. Farley TM, Meirik O, Chang CL, Poulter NR. Combined oral contraceptives, smoking, and cardiovascular risk. J Epidemiol Community Health, 1998; 52 (12): 775–85.
Mackay J, Amos A. Women and Tobacco. Respirology, 2003; 8(2): 123–130.
Payne S. “Smoke like a man, die like a man”?: a review of the relationship between gender, sex and lung cancer. Social Science & Medicine, 2001; 53: 1067–1080.
Samet JM, Yoon S, editors. Women and the Tobacco Epidemic: Challenges for the 21st Century [monograph on the Internet]. Canada: WHO, 2001 [cited 22 June 2007]. Available from: http://www.who.int/tobacco/media/en/WomenMonograph.pdf. WHO. Women and the tobacco Epidemic-challenges for the 21st Century, 2001 http://www.who.int/tobacco/health_impact/women/en/
Farley TM, Meirik O, Chang CL, Poulter NR. Combined oral contraceptives, smoking, and cardiovascular risk. J Epidemiol Community Health, 1998; 52(12): 775–785.
Reynolds P, Hurley S, Goldberg DE, Anton-Culver H, Bernstein L, Deapen D, Horn-Ross PL, Peel D, Pinder P, Ross RK, West D, Wright WE, Ziogas A. Active Smoking, Household Passive Smoking, and Breast Cancer: Evidence From the California Teachers Study. JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2004; 96(1): 29–37.
Fentiman IS, Allen DS, Hamed H. Smoking and prognosis in women with breast cancer. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 2005; 59(9): 1051–1054.
MacMahon BE, Trichopoulos D, Cole P et al. Cigarette smoking and urinary estrogens. N Engl J Med, 1982; 307: 1062–1065.
Khaw K-T, Tazuke S, Barrett-Connor E. Cigarette smoking and levels of adrenal androgens in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med, 1988; 318: 1705–1709.
Lasser K, Boyd JW, Woolhandler S, Himmelstein DU, McCormick D, Bor DH. Smoking and Mental Illness. A Population-based Prevalence Study. JAMA, 2000; 284(20): 2606–2610.
Dalack GW, Healy DJ, Meador-Woodruff JH. Nicotine dependence and schizophrenia: clinical phenomenon and laboratory findings. Am J Psychiatry, 1998; 155: 1490–1501.
Ziedonis DM, George TP. Schizophrenia and nicotine use: report of a pilot smoking cessation program and review of neurobiological and clinical issues. Schizophr Bull. 1997; 23: 247–254.
Tobias M, Templeton R, Collings S. How much do mental disorders contribute to New Zealand’s tobacco epidemic? Tobacco Control, 2008; 17: 347–350.
Perkonigg A, Wittchen HU. (1995): Epidemiologie von Angststörungen. In: Kasper, S.; Möller H.-J. (Hrsg.): Angst-und Panikerkrankungen. Fischer, Jena Stuttgart, 137–156.
Breslau N, Klein DF. Smoking and panic attacks: an epidemiological investigation. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 1999; 56: 1141–1147.
Kalman D, Baker Morissette S, George TP. Co-Morbidity of Smoking in Patients with Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders. The American Journal on Addictions, 2005; 14: 106–123.
Samet JM, Yoon S, editors. Women and the Tobacco Epidemic: Challenges for the 21st Century [monograph on the Internet]. Canada: WHO, 2001 [cited 22 June 2007]. Available from: http://www.who.int/tobacco/media/en/WomenMonograph.pdf. WHO. Women and the tobacco Epidemic-challenges for the 21st Century, 2001 http://www.who.int/tobacco/health_impact/women/en/
Farley TM, Meirik O, Chang CL, Poulter NR. Combined oral contraceptives, smoking, and cardiovascular risk. J Epidemiol Community Health, 1998; 52(12): 775–785.
Reynolds P, Hurley S, Goldberg DE, Anton-Culver H, Bernstein L, Deapen D, Horn-Ross PL, Peel D, Pinder P, Ross RK, West D, Wright WE, Ziogas A. Active Smoking, Household Passive Smoking, and Breast Cancer: Evidence From the California Teachers Study. JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2004; 96(1): 29–37.
Fentiman IS, Allen DS, Hamed H. Smoking and prognosis in women with breast cancer. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 2005; 59(9): 1051–1054.
MacMahon BE, Trichopoulos D, Cole P et al. Cigarette smoking and urinary estrogens. N Engl J Med, 1982; 307: 1062–1065.
Khaw K-T, Tazuke S, Barrett-Connor E. Cigarette smoking and levels of adrenal androgens in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med, 1988; 318: 1705–1709.
Lasser K, Boyd JW, Woolhandler S, Himmelstein DU, McCormick D, Bor DH. Smoking and Mental Illness. A Population-based Prevalence Study. JAMA, 2000; 284(20): 2606–2610.
Dalack GW, Healy DJ, Meador-Woodruff JH. Nicotine dependence and schizophrenia: clinical phenomenon and laboratory findings. Am J Psychiatry, 1998; 155: 1490–1501.
Ziedonis DM, George TP. Schizophrenia and nicotine use: report of a pilot smoking cessation program and review of neurobiological and clinical issues. Schizophr Bull. 1997; 23: 247–254.
Tobias M, Templeton R, Collings S. How much do mental disorders contribute to New Zealand’s tobacco epidemic? Tobacco Control, 2008; 17: 347–350.
Perkonigg A, Wittchen HU. (1995): Epidemiologie von Angststörungen. In: Kasper, S.; Möller H.-J. (Hrsg.): Angst-und Panikerkrankungen. Fischer, Jena Stuttgart, 137–156.
Breslau N, Klein DF. Smoking and panic attacks: an epidemiological investigation. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 1999; 56: 1141–1147.
Kalman D, Baker Morissette S, George TP. Co-Morbidity of Smoking in Patients with Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders. The American Journal on Addictions, 2005; 14: 106–123. Working Memory Function in Schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology, 2002; 26 (1): 75–85.
Strand JE, Nybäck H. Tobacco use in schizophrenia: a study of cotinine concentrations in the saliva of patients and controls. European Psychiatry, 2005:(20): 50–54.
Winklbaur B, Ebner N, Sachs G, Thau K, Fischer G. Substance abuse in patients with schizophrenia. Dialogues Clin Neurosci, 2006; 8(1): 37–43.
Dervaux A, Laqueille X. Smoking and schizophrenia: epidemiological and clinical features. Encephale, 2008; 34(3): 299–305.
Levav I, Kohn R, Barchana M, Lipshitz I, Pugachova I, Weizman A, Grinshpoon A. The risk for cancer among patients with schizoaffective disorders. J Affect Disord. 2009114(1—3): 316–320.
Stice E, Shaw H. Prospective Relations of Body Image, Eating, and Affective Disturbances to Smoking Onset in Adolescent Girls: How Virginia Slims. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2003; 71(1): 129–135.
Uchtenhagen A, Zieglgänsberger W. Suchtmedizin, Konzept, Strategien und therapeutisches Management. Urban & Fischer, München, Jena 2000.
WHO. Women and the tobacco Epidemic-challenges for the 21st Century, 2001 http://www.who.int/tobacco/health_impact/women/en/ (download 2. Feber 2009)
Simon GE, Ludman EJ, Linde JA, Operskalski BH, Ichikawa L, Rohde P, Finch EA, Jeffery RW. Association between obesity and depression in middle-aged women. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2008; 30(1): 32–39.
Benowitz NL, Hatsukami D. Gender differences in the pharmacology of nicotine addiction. Addiction Biology, 1998; 3(4), 383–404.
Piper ME, Fox BJ, Welsch SK, Fiore MC, Baker TB. Gender and racial/ethnic differences in tobacco-dependence treatment: a commentary and research recommendations. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2001; 3(4): 291–297.
Stead LF, Perera R, Bullen C, Mant D, Lancaster T. Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008; 1. Art. No.: CD000146. DOI: 10.1002/14651858. CD000146.pub3.
Bjornson W, Rand C, Connett J E, Lindgren P, Nides M, Pope F, Buist A S, Hoppe-Ryan C, O’Hara P. Gender differences in smoking cessation after 3 years in the Lung Health Study. American Journal of Public Health, 1995; 2: 223–230.
Pierce JP, Fiore MC, Novotny TE, Hatziandreu EJ, Davis RM. Trends in cigarette smoking in the United States: educational differences are increasing. JAMA, 1989; 261: 56–60.
Hurt RD, Sachs DP, Glover ED, Offord KP, Johnston JA, Dale LC, Khayrallah MA, Schroeder DR, Glover PN, Sullivan CR, Croghan IT, Sullivan PM. A comparison of sustained-release bupropion and placebo for smoking cessation. N Engl J Med, 1997; 337(17): 1195–1202.
Dale LC, Glover ED, Sachs DP, Schroeder DR, Offord KP, Croghan IT, Hurt RD. Buproprion for smoking cessation: predictors of successful outcome. Chest, 2001; 119: 1357–1364.
Lasser KE, Boyd JW. Varenicline and smokers with mental illnesses. Lancet. 2008; 372(9645): 1218–1219.
Lasser K, Boyd JW, Woolhandler S, Himmelstein DU, McCormick D, Bor DH. Smoking and Mental Illness. A Population-based Prevalence Study. JAMA, 2000; 284(20): 2606–2610.
Cahill K, Perera R Competitions and incentives for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD004307. DOI: 10.1002/14651858. CD00 4307.pub3. 2008
Metz V., Radler D., Fischer G.: Geschlechtsunterschiede in der Psychopharmakologie — Gendermedizin in der Psychiatrie. Psychiatrie & Psychotherapie, 2009; 2/4: 64–69
Perkins, Kenneth A. Smoking Cessation in Women: Special Considerations, Review Article. CNS Drugs, 2001; 15(5): 391–411.
Gritz ER, Nielsen IR, Brooks LA. Smoking cessation and gender: The influence of physiological, psychological and behavioral factors. J Am Med Womens Assoc, 1996; 51(1): 35–42.
Winklbaur B., Baewert A., Jagsch R., Rohrmeister K., Aeschbach Jachman C., Thau K., Fischer G.: Association between prenatal tobacco exposure and neonatal outcomes of opioid maintained pregnant women and how to handle it. European Addiction Research, 2009; 15: 150–156
Metz V, Fischer G (2009) Sex and gender in addiction research and therapy. In: I. Klinge, C. Wiesemann (eds) Sex and Gender in Biomedicine, Theories, Methodologies, Results. Göttinger Universitätsverlag. In press
Literatur
Goodman E, Whitaker RC. A prospective study of the role of depression in the development and persistence of adolescent obesity. Pediatrics 2002; 110(3): 497–504.
Hertling I, Ramskogler K, Dvorak A, Klinger A, Saletu-Zyhlarz G, Schoberberger R, Walter H, Kunze M, Lesch OM. Craving and other characteristics of the comorbidity of alcohol and nicotine dependence, European Psychiatry 2005; 20(5/6): 442–450.
Gritz ER, Nielsen IR, Brooks LA. Smoking cessation and gender: the influence of phsysiological. Psychological and behavioural factors. J Am Med Womens Assoc 1996; 51(1–2): 35–42.
Lesch OM, Dvorak A, Hertling I, Klingler A, Kunze M, Ramskogler K, Saletu-Zyhlarz G, Schoberberger R, Walter H. The Austrian Multicentre Study on Smoking: Subgroups of Nicotine Dependence and their Craving. In Neuropsychobiology 2004; 50: 78–88.
Moffatt RJ, Owens SG: Cessation from cigarette smoking: changes in body weight, body composition, resting metabolism, and energy consumption. Metabolism 1991; 40: 465–470.
Jo YH, Talmage DA, Role LW. Nicotinic Receptor-Mediated Effects on Appetite and Food Intake. J Neurobiol 2002; 53(4): 618–632.
Jensen, Fusch, Jaeger et al.: Impact of chronic cigarette smoking on fuel metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995; 80(7): 2181–2185.
Ferrara CM, Kumar M, Nicklas B, McCrone S, Goldberg AP. Weight gain and adipose tissue metabolism after smoking cessation in women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001; 25(9): 1322–1326.
Pomerleau CS, Zucker AN, Stewart AJ: Characterizing concerns about post-cessation weight gain: results from a national survey of women smokers. Nicotine Tob Res. 2001; 3(1): 51–60.
Ussher, West, Taylor, Mcewen A: Exercise interventions for smoking cessation (Cochrane Methodology Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 4. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK, 2003.
Jonsdottir D, Jonsdottir H. Does physical exercise in addition to a multicomponent smoking cessation program increase abstinence rate and suppress weight gain? An intervention study. Scand J Caring Sci; 2001;15(4); 275–282.
Marcus BH, Albrecht AE, Niaura RS, Abrams DB, Thompson BD. Usefulness of physical exercise for maintaining smoking cessation in women. Am J Cardiol 1991; 68(4): 406–407.
Parsons AC, Shraim M, Inglis J, Aveyard P, Hajek P. Interventions for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009 (1) Art.No.: CD006219.: CD006219. DOI: 10._1002/14651858.CD006219.pub 2.
Literatur
Shiffman, S.; Fischer L.A.; Paty, J.A.; Gnys, M.; Hickox, M.; Kassel, J.D. (1994). Drinking and Smoking: a field study of their association. Ann. Behav. Med 16, 203–209.
Kozlowski, L.T. and Ferrance, R.G. (1990). Statistical control in research on alcohol and tobacco: an example from research on alcohol and mortality. Br. J. Addict. 85, 271–278.
Hughes JR, Novoy P, Hatsukami DK, Jensen J, Callas PW (2003); Efficacy of Nicotine Patch in Smokers with a History of Alcoholism; Alcohol Clin Exp Res 27(6): 946–954
Bobo, J. K. (1989). Nicotine Dependence and alcoholism epidemiology and treatment. J. Psychoactive Drugs, 3, 323–329.
Cummings, R.O., Shaper, A.G.; Walker, M.; Wale, C.J. (1981). Smoking and Drinking by middle aged British men: effects of class and town of residence. Br. Med. 283, 1497–1502.
Istvan, J. and Matarazzo, J.D. (1984). Tobacco, alcohol and caffeine use: a review of their relationships. Psychol. Bull. 95, 301–326.
Sobell, L.C.; Sobell, M.B.; Kozlowski, L.T.; Toneatto, T. (1990). Alcohol or tobacco research versus alcohol and tobacco research. Br. J. Addict. 85, 263–269.
York, J.L. and Hirsch, J.A. (1995). Drinking patterns and health status in smoking and non-smoking alcoholics. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 19, 666–673.
Hays, J.T.; Schroeder, D.R.; Offord, K.P. et al. (1999). Response to nicotine dependence treatment in smokers with current and pas alcohol problems. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 21, 244–250.
Breslau, N. (1995). Psychiatric comorbidity of smoking and nicotine dependence. Behavior Genetics 25: 95–101, 1995.
Hurt, R.D., Offord, K.P., Croghan, I.T. et al. (1996). Mortality following inpatient addictions treatment. JAMA Journal of American Medical Association 275, 1097–1103.
Miller, N.S. and Gold, M.S. (1998). Comorbid cigarette and alcohol addiction: epidemiology and treatment. Journal Addici Dis, 17, 55–56.
Petro R., Lopez A.D.; Boreham J., Thun, M.; Heath C.Jr.; Doll R. (1996). Mortality from smoking worldwide. Br Med Bull, 52, 12–21.
Bobo, J.K. and Husten C. (2000). Sociocultural Influence on Smoking and Drinking. Alcohol Research and Health Vol. 24, No. 4, 225–232.
Conrad, K.M., Flay, B.R. and Hill, D. (1992). Why children start smoking cigarettes: Predictors of onset. British Journal of Addiction 87(12), 1711–1724.
Flay, B.R.; Hu, F.B. and Richardson, J. (1998). Psychosocial predictors of different stages of cigarette smoking among high school students. Preventive Medicine (27), A9–A18.
Gritz, E.R.; Prokhorv, A.V.; Hudmon, K: S. et al. (1998). Cigarette smoking in a multiethnic population of youth: methods and baseline findings. Preventive Medicine 27(3) 365–385.
Mittelmark, M.B., Murray, D.M., Luepker, R.V. et al. (1987). Predicting experimentation with cigarettes: The childhood antecedents of smoking study (CASS). American Journal of Public Health 77(2), 206–208.
Botvin, G.J., Malgady, R.G., Griffin, K.W., Scheier, L.M. and Epstein, J.A. (1998). Alcohol and Marijuana use among rural youth: Interaction of social and interpersonal influences. Addictive Behavior 23(3), 379–387.
Brook, J.S., Whiteman, M. Gordon, A.S., Nomura, C. and Brook, D.W. (1986). Onset of adolescent drinking: A longitudinal study of intrapersonal and interpersonal antecedents. Advances in Alcohol and Substance Abuse 5(3), 91–110.
Rittenhouse, J.D. and Miller, J.D. (1984). Social learning and teenage drug use: An analysis of family dyads. Health Psychology 3(4), 329–345.
Lesch, O.M. and Walter, H. (2009). Alkohol und Tabak. Medizinische und sozialogische Aspekte von Gebrauch, Missbrauch und Abhangigkeit. Wien: Springer Verlag.
Diehl, A. and Scherbaum, N. (2008). Nikotinabhängigkeit als komorbide Störung bei Alkoholabhängigkeit-Epidemiologie, Ôtiologie und Therapie. Fortschr Neurol Psychiat, 76, 14–20.
Pierce, R.C. and Kumaresan, V. (2006). The mesolimbic dopamin system: the final common pathway for the reinforcement effect of drugs of abuse? Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 30, 215–238.
Balfour, D.J. (2004). The neurobiology of tobacco dependence: a preclinical perspective on the role of the dopamine projections to the nucleus. Nicotine Tob Res, 6, 899–912.
Hughes, J., Rose, G.L. and Callas, P.W. (2000). Nicotine is more reinforcing in smokers with a past history of alcoholism than in smokers without this history. Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 24, 1633–1638.
Rose, J.E., Brauer, L.H., Beham, F.M., Cramblett, M., Calkins, K. and Lawhon, D. (2002). Potentiation of nicotine reward bay alcohol. Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 26, 1930–1931.
Howard, L.A., Miksys, S., Hoffmann, E., Mash D. and Tyndale, R.F. (2003). Brain CYP2E1 is induced by nicotine and ethanol in rat and is higher in smokers and alcoholics. Br Journal Pharmacol, 138, 1376–1386.
Lopez, M.F., White, N.M. and Randall, C.L. (2001). Alcohol tolerance and nicotine cross-tolerance in adolescent mice. Addict Biol, 6, 119–127.
Madden, P.A. Heath, A.C., Starmer, G.A., Whitfield, J.B. and Martin, N.G. (1995). Alcohol sensitivity and smoking history in men and woman. Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 19, 1111–1120.
Cloninger C. R., Bohman M., Sigvardsson S. (1981) Inheritance of alcohol abuse. Archives of General Psychiatry 38: 861–868
Johnson EO, van den Bree MB, Uhl GR, Pickens RW (1996): Indicators of genetic and environmental influences in drug-abusing individuals. Drug Alcohol Depend.41: 17–23 Kendler 1998
Kenneth S. Kendler, John M. Myers and Michael C. Neale. A Multidimensional Twin Study of Mental Health in Women Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157: 506–513
Kenneth S. Kendler, John M. Myers and Michael C. Neale, (2000) A Multidimensional Twin Study of Mental Health in Women Am J Psychiatry 157: 506–513
True, W.R., Xian, H., Scherrer, J.F., Madden, P.A., Bucholz, K.K., Heath, A.C., Lyons, M.J., Goldberg, J. and Tsuang, M. (1999). Common genetic vulnerability for nicotine and alcohol dependence in men. Archives of General Psychiatry 56, 655–661.
Maes HH, Woodard CE, Murrelle L, Meyer JM, Silberg JL, Hewitt JK, Rutter M, Simonoff E, Pickles A, Carbonneau R, Neale MC, Eaves LJ. (1999) Tobacco, alcohol and drug use in eight-to sixteen-year-old twins: The Virginia twin study of adolescent behavioral development. J Stud Alcohol 60, 293–305
Heath, A.C., Bucholz, K.K., Madden, P.A.F., Dinwiddie, S.H., Slutske, W.S., Statham, D.J., Dunne, M.P., Whitfield, J. and Martin, N. (1997). Genetic and environmental contributions to alcohol dependence risk in a national twin sample consistency of findings in men and women. Psychological Medicine, 27, 1381–1396.
True, W.R., Heath, A.C., Scherrer, J.F., Waterman, B., Goldberg, J., Lin, N., Eisen, S.A., Lyons, M.J. and Tsuang, M.T. (1997). Genetic and environmental contributions to smoking. Addiction 92, 1277–1287.
McGue M, Elkins I, Iacono WG. (2000) Genetic and environmental influences on adolescent substance use and abuse Am J Med Genet (Neuropsychiatr Genet) 96, 671–677
Lerman, C., Caporaso, N.E. and Audrain, J. et al. (1999). Evidence suggesting the role of specific genetic factors in cigarette smoking. Health Psychology, 18, 14–20.
Li, T.-K. (2000). Pharmocogenetics of responses to alcohol and genes that influence alcohol drinking. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 61, 5–12.
Brandon, T.H., Tiffany, S.T, Obremski, K.M. and Baker, T.B. (1990). Postcessiation cigarette use: The process of relapse. Addictive Behaviors, 15, 105–114.
Drobes, D.J. (2002). Concurrent Alcohol and Tobacco Dependence: Mechanism and treatment. NIAAA.
Gulliver, S.B., Rohsenow, D.J., Colby, S.M. et al. (1995). Interrelationship of smoking and alcohol dependence, use and urges to use. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 56, 202.206.
Rohsenow, D.J, Monti, P.M., Colby, S.M. et al. (1997). Effects of alcohol cues on smoking urges and topography among alcoholic men. Alcoholism: Clinical and experimental research, 21, 101–107.
Onaivi, E.S., Todd, S., and Martin, B.R. (1989). Behavioral effects in the mouse during and following withdrawal from ethanol ingestion and /or nicotine administration. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 24, 205–211.
Markou, A., Kosten, T.R. and Koob, G.F. (1998). Neurobiological similarities in depression and drug dependence: A self-medication hypothesis. Neuropsychopharmacology, 18, 135–174.
Little, H. (2000). Behavioral Mechanisms underlying the link between smoking and drinking. Alcohol Research and Health, Vol. 24, No. 4, 215–224.
Poulos, C.X., Parker, J.L. and Le, D.A. (1998). Increased impulsivity after injected alcohol predicts later alcohol consumption in rats: Evidence for loss of control drinking and marked individual differences. Behavioral Neuroscience, 112, 1247–1257.
Mitchell, S.H. (1999). Measures of impulsivity in cigarette smokers and non-smokers. Psychopharmocology, 146, 455–464.
Zuckerman, M. (1994). Smoking, drinking, drugs and eating. In Behavioral Expression and Biosocial Basis of Sensation Seeking. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 225–257.
Hertling, I.; Ramskogler, K.; Dvorak, A.; Klinger, A.; Saletu-Zyhlarz, G.; Schberberger, R.; Walter, H.; Kunze, M. and Lesch, O. (2005). Craving and other characteristics of the comorbidity of alcohol and nicotine dependence. European Psychiatry 20, 442–450.
Richard A. Brown, Christopher W. Kahler, Raymond Niaura, David B. Abrams, Suzanne D. Sales, Susan E. Ramsey, Michael G. Goldstein, Ellen S. Burgess, and Ivan W. Miller (2001) Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment for Depression in Smoking Cessation J Consult Clin Psychol.; 69(3): 471–480.
Currie, S.R., Hodgins, D.C., El-Guebaly, N. and Campbell, W. Influence of depression and gender on smoking expectancies and temptations in alcoholics in early recovery. Journal of Substnce Abuse, 13, 443–458.
Kodl, M.M., Fu, S.S., Willenbring, M.L., Gravely, A., Nelson, D.B. and Joseph, M.J. (2008). The impact of depressive symptoms on alcohol and cigarette consumption following treatment for alcohol and nicotine dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res, Vol. 32, No.1 92–99.
Metz, K., Kröger, C., Bühringer G. (2005) Tabakentwöhnung bei Personen mit einer Alkoholabhängigkeit im Setting der Suchtrehabilitation — Ein Überblick. Gesundheitswesen, 2005; 67: 461–467
Monti, P., Roshenow, D., Colly, M. et al. (1995) Smoking among alcoholics during and after treatment: Implications for models, treatment strategies and policy. In: Fertig J., Allen J. (Hrsg.). Alcohol and tobacco: From basic science to clinical practice. Bethesda, M.: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), 1995: 187–206
Bobo, J., McIlvain, H., Lando, H., Walker, R., Leed-Kelly. A. (1998) Effect of smoking cessation counselling on recovery from alcoholism: findings from a randominzed community intervention trial. Addiction, 1998; 93(6), 877–887
Cooney N.L., M. D. Litt, and J. L. Cooney 2002 In Vivo Assessment of the Effects of Smoking Cessation in Alcoholic Smokers Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 26(12): 1952–1953
Cooney, J., Cooney N., Pilkey, D., Kranzler, H., Oncken, C. (2003) Effects of nicotine deprivation on urges to drink and smoke in alcoholic smokers. Addiction, 2003; 98, 913–921
Drobes D.J (2002) Cue Reactivity in Alcohol and Tobacco Dependence Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 26(12): 1759–1955
Joseph A.M., M.L. Willenbring, D. Nelson, S.M. Nugent (2002) Timing of Alcohol and Smoking Cessation Study Alcohol Clin Exp Res 26(12): 1945–1946
Kalman D., Hayes BA, Colby SM, Eaton CA, Rohsenow DJ, Monti PM; Concurrent versus delayed smoking Cessation treatment for person in early alcohol recovery a pilot study (2001), Journal of substance abuse Treatment 20: 233–238
Capretto, N. (1993) Confronting nicotine dependency at the Gateway Rehabilitation Center. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 1993; 10, 113–116
Joseph, A. (1993) Nicotine dependence treatment at the drug dependence program of the Minneapolis VA medical center. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 1993; 10, 147–152
Kotz, M. (1993) A smoke-free chemical dependency unit: The Cleveland clinic experience. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 1993; 10, 125–131
Gulliver, S., Kamholz, B., Helstrom, A. (2006) Smoking cessation and alcohol abstinence: What do the data tell us? Alcohol research and health, 2006; 29(3), 208–212
Hinds, M., Thomas, D., O’Reilly, H. (1979) Asbestos, dental x-rays, tobacco and alcohol in the epidemiology of laryngeal cancer. Cancer, 1979; 44, 114–120
Metz, K., Kröger, C., Orth, B. (2005) Tabakentwöhnung an Suchtrehabilitationskliniken-Ergebnisse des WIRK-Projekts. Sucht aktuell, 2005; 1, 39–44
Joseph, A., Nichol, K., Anderson H. (1993) Effect of treatment for nicotine dependence on alcohol and drug treatment outcomes. Addictive Bahaviours, 1993; 18, 635–644
Kalman D, Kahler CW, Garvey AJ, Monti PM; High-dose nicotine patch therapy for smokers with a history of alcohol dependence: 36-week outcomes (2006); Journal of substance abuse Treatment 30: 213–217
Duffner, A., Gerber, U., Bischoff, M. (1995) Nichtrauchertraining in der Forel Klinik. Jahresbericht Forel Klinik, 1995; 29–32
Sieber, M., Duffner, A., Meyer, T. (2002) Nikotinentwöhnung bei Alkoholabhängigen: Evaluation des Nichtrauchertrainings der Forel Klinik. Forel Klinik, 2002; 1
Zemlin, U., Cabanis, A., Prexl-Mager, H. et al. (1996) Integrierte Raucherentwöhnung in einer Fachklinik für Alkohol-und Medikamentenabhängige. Praxis der klinischen Verhaltensmedizin und Rehabilitation, 1996; 34, 90–96
Zimdars, P., Lindenmayer, J., Kolling, R. (2002) Ein Laster braucht der Mensch!? Raucherentwöhnung bei Alkoholabhängigen. In: Fachverband Sucht e. V. (Hrsg.). Die Zukunft der Suchtbehandlung. Trends und Prognosen. Schriftenreihe des Fachverbandes Sucht e.V. Geesthacht-Neuland Verlag, 2002
Stuyt EB. (1997); Recovery Rates After Treatment for Alcohol/Drug Dependence Tobacco users vs. non-Tobacco Users; Am J Addiction 6(2): 159–167
Ait-Daoud, N., Lynch, W., Penberthy, K., Breland, A., Marzani-Nissen, G., Johnson, B. (2006) Traeting smoking dependence in depressed alcoholics. Alcohol research and health, 2006; 29(3), 213–220
Orleans, CT., Hutchinson, D. (1993) Tailoring nicotine addiction treatments for chemical dependency patients. Journal of Substance Abuse treatment, 1993, 10, 197–208
Deci, WL. (1992) On the nature and functions of motivation theories. Psychol Sci, 1992, 3, 161–171
Dweck, CS. (1992) The study of goals in psychology. Psychol Sci, 1992, 3, 165–166
Curry, SJ., Wagner, EH., Grothaus, LC. (1991) Evaluation of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation interventions with a self-help smoking cessation program. Journal of Consult Clinical Psychology, 1991; 59, 318–324
Rosengren, A., Wilhelmsen, L. and Wedel, H. (1988) Separate and combined effects of smoking and alcohol abuse in middle-aged men. Acta Medica Scandinavica, 233, 111–118.
Unger, J.B. and Chen, X. (1999). The role of social networks and media receptivity in predicting age of smoking initiation: A proportional hazards model of risk and protective factors. Addictive Behavior 24(3), 371–381.
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag/Wien
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Meingassner, S. et al. (2012). Behandlung. In: Standards der Tabakentwöhnung. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0979-3_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0979-3_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna
Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-0978-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-0979-3
eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)