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Toxicity of Heavy Metals to Legumes and Bioremediation pp 67–88Cite as

Chromium–Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Interactions: Toxicity and Management

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Abstract

Among heavy metals, chromium is a highly toxic nonessential metal found in different environmental settings. Chromium pollution has been reported worldwide, causes undeniable damage to microbes and plant genotypes, and is carcinogenic and genotoxic for humans. Of the two most common oxidative states, hexavalent chromium is relatively more deleterious than the less-mobile trivalent form of chromium. Chromium toxicity, however, can be reduced by employing various physicochemical and biological processes. Among biomaterials, apart from plants, use of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria has been found effective, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly. Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria alleviate the metal toxicity by adopting different strategies like biosorption and bioaccumulation, bioreduction to a less-toxic state, and chromate efflux. Some of these methods have been proposed as effective biological tools for removing chromium from contaminated locations. The interaction of chromium with plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria and the bacterial-based management of chromium toxicity is reviewed and discussed. The detoxification of chromium by plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria is likely to reduce the adversity of chromium to various agroecosystems and may serve as a good candidate for bacterial-based bioremediation of chromium-polluted soils.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Mohammad Saghir Khan

  2. Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India

    Almas Zaidi

  3. Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Crescent University, Abeokuta, Ogun state, Nigeria

    Parvaze Ahmad Wani

Authors
  1. Mohammad Saghir Khan
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  2. Almas Zaidi
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  3. Parvaze Ahmad Wani
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Correspondence to Mohammad Saghir Khan .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Fac. Agricultural Sciences, Dept. Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Almas Zaidi

  2. , Department of Biological Sciences, Crescent University, College of Natural, Abeokuta, Ogun, Nigeria

    Parvaze Ahmad Wani

  3. Fac. Agricultural Sciences, Dept. Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Mohammad Saghir Khan

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© 2012 Springer-Verlag Wien

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Khan, M.S., Zaidi, A., Wani, P.A. (2012). Chromium–Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Interactions: Toxicity and Management. In: Zaidi, A., Wani, P., Khan, M. (eds) Toxicity of Heavy Metals to Legumes and Bioremediation. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0730-0_4

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