Skip to main content

Animal Models

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

The malignant course of the disease and its poor prognosis, combined with the lack of effective treatment, challenges researchers to search for therapeutic approaches for MSA. In this respect, animal models are needed to preclinically test possible therapeutic candidates before going into a clinical trial. Furthermore, the lack of knowledge on the pathogenesis of the disease presents another urgent reason for developing relevant animal models that may answer basic questions about the molecular mechanisms, which may then be targeted to prevent disease progression. Since the etiology of MSA is still enigmatic, existing models are based on phenotypic replication in rodents of the main neuropathological features of the human disease. Despite their limitations, the phenotypic models have proven to be a valuable tool for preclinical studies on the pathogenesis and therapeutic options for MSA.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ahmed Z, Asi YT, Sailer A, Lees AJ, Houlden H, Revesz T, Holton JL (2012) The neuropathology, pathophysiology and genetics of multiple system atrophy. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 38:4–24

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boudes M, Uvin P, Pinto S, Voets T, Fowler CJ, Wenning GK, de Ridder D, Stefanova N (2013) Bladder dysfunction in a transgenic mouse model of multiple system atrophy. Mov Disord 28:347–355

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dodel R, Spottke A, Gerhard A, Reuss A, Reinecker S, Schimke N, Trenkwalder C, Sixel-Doring F, Herting B, Kamm C, Gasser T, Sawires M, Geser F, Kollensperger M, Seppi K, Kloss M, Krause M, Daniels C, Deuschl G, Bottger S, Naumann M, Lipp A, Gruber D, Kupsch A, Du Y, Turkheimer F, Brooks DJ, Klockgether T, Poewe W, Wenning G, Schade-Brittinger C, Oertel WH, Eggert K (2010) Minocycline 1-year therapy in multiple-system-atrophy: effect on clinical symptoms and [(11)C] (R)-PK11195 PET (MEMSA-trial). Mov Disord 25:97–107

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fellner L, Irschick R, Schanda K, Reindl M, Klimaschewski L, Poewe W, Wenning GK, Stefanova N (2013) Toll-like receptor 4 is required for alpha-synuclein dependent activation of microglia and astroglia. Glia 61:349–360

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ghorayeb I, Fernagut PO, Aubert I, Bezard E, Poewe W, Wenning GK, Tison F (2000) Toward a primate model of L-dopa-unresponsive parkinsonism mimicking striatonigral degeneration. Mov Disord 15:531–536

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghorayeb I, Fernagut PO, Stefanova N, Wenning GK, Bioulac B, Tison F (2002) Dystonia is predictive of subsequent altered dopaminergic responsiveness in a chronic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine+3-nitropropionic acid model of striatonigral degeneration in monkeys. Neurosci Lett 335:34–38

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilman S, Low P, Quinn N, Albanese A, Ben-Shlomo Y, Fowler C, Kaufmann H, Klockgether T, Lang A, Lantos P, Litvan I, Mathias C, Oliver E, Robertson D, Schatz I, Wenning G (1998) Consensus statement on the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy. American Autonomic Society and American Academy of Neurology. Clin Auton Res 8:359–362

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kahle PJ, Neumann M, Ozmen L, Muller V, Jacobsen H, Spooren W, Fuss B, Mallon B, Macklin WB, Fujiwara H, Hasegawa M, Iwatsubo T, Kretzschmar HA, Haass C (2002) Hyperphosphorylation and insolubility of alpha-synuclein in transgenic mouse oligodendrocytes. EMBO Rep 3:583–588

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kollensperger M, Stefanova N, Reindl M, Poewe W, Wenning GK (2007) Loss of dopaminergic responsiveness in a double lesion rat model of the Parkinson variant of multiple system atrophy. Mov Disord 22:353–358

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuzdas D, Stemberger S, Gaburro S, Stefanova N, Singewald N, Wenning GK (2013) Oligodendroglial alpha-synucleinopathy and MSA-like cardiovascular autonomic failure: experimental evidence. Exp Neurol. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.02.002

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lantos PL (1998) The definition of multiple system atrophy: a review of recent developments. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 57:1099–1111

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee PH, Kim JW, Bang OY, Ahn YH, Joo IS, Huh K (2008) Autologous mesenchymal stem cell therapy delays the progression of neurological deficits in patients with multiple system atrophy. Clin Pharmacol Ther 83:723–730

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee PH, Lee JE, Kim HS, Song SK, Lee HS, Nam HS, Cheong JW, Jeong Y, Park HJ, Kim DJ, Nam CM, Lee JD, Kim HO, Sohn YH (2012) A randomized trial of mesenchymal stem cells in multiple system atrophy. Ann Neurol 72:32–40

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mantoan L, Stefanova N, Egger KE, Jellinger KA, Poewe W, Wenning GK (2005) Failure of caspase inhibition in the double-lesion rat model of striatonigral degeneration (multiple system atrophy). Acta Neuropathol 109:191–197

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Papay R, Zuscik MJ, Ross SA, Yun J, McCune DF, Gonzalez-Cabrera P, Gaivin R, Drazba J, Perez DM (2002) Mice expressing the alpha(1B)-adrenergic receptor induces a synucleinopathy with excessive tyrosine nitration but decreased phosphorylation. J Neurochem 83:623–634

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Park HJ, Bang G, Lee BR, Kim HO, Lee PH (2011) Neuroprotective effect of human mesenchymal stem cells in an animal model of double toxin-induced multiple system atrophy parkinsonism. Cell Transplant 20:827–835

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Poewe W, Barone P, Gliadi N, Gilman S, Low PA, Sampaio C, Seppi K, Wenning GK, for the Rasagiline-for-MSA Investigators (2012) Abstracts of the sixteenth international congress of Parkinson’s disease and movement disorders, June 17–21, 2012. Dublin, Ireland. Mov Disord 27(Suppl 1):S1–639

    Google Scholar 

  • Scherfler C, Puschban Z, Ghorayeb I, Goebel GP, Tison F, Jellinger K, Poewe W, Wenning GK (2000) Complex motor disturbances in a sequential double lesion rat model of striatonigral degeneration (multiple system atrophy). Neuroscience 99:43–54

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scherfler C, Sather T, Diguet E, Stefanova N, Puschban Z, Tison F, Poewe W, Wenning GK (2005) Riluzole improves motor deficits and attenuates loss of striatal neurons in a sequential double lesion rat model of striatonigral degeneration (Parkinson variant of multiple system atrophy). J Neural Transm 112:1025–1033

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shults CW, Rockenstein E, Crews L, Adame A, Mante M, Larrea G, Hashimoto M, Song D, Iwatsubo T, Tsuboi K, Masliah E (2005) Neurological and neurodegenerative alterations in a transgenic mouse model expressing human alpha-synuclein under oligodendrocyte promoter: implications for multiple system atrophy. J Neurosci 25:10689–10699

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stefanova N, Puschban Z, Fernagut PO, Brouillet E, Tison F, Reindl M, Jellinger KA, Poewe W, Wenning GK (2003) Neuropathological and behavioral changes induced by various treatment paradigms with MPTP and 3-nitropropionic acid in mice: towards a model of striatonigral degeneration (multiple system atrophy). Acta Neuropathol 106:157–166

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stefanova N, Lundblad M, Tison F, Poewe W, Cenci MA, Wenning GK (2004a) Effects of pulsatile L-DOPA treatment in the double lesion rat model of striatonigral degeneration (multiple system atrophy). Neurobiol Dis 15:630–639

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stefanova N, Mitschnigg M, Ghorayeb I, Diguet E, Geser F, Tison F, Poewe W, Wenning GK (2004b) Failure of neuronal protection by inhibition of glial activation in a rat model of striatonigral degeneration. J Neurosci Res 78:87–91

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stefanova N, Reindl M, Neumann M, Haass C, Poewe W, Kahle PJ, Wenning GK (2005a) Oxidative stress in transgenic mice with oligodendroglial alpha-synuclein overexpression replicates the characteristic neuropathology of multiple system atrophy. Am J Pathol 166:869–876

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stefanova N, Tison F, Reindl M, Poewe W, Wenning GK (2005b) Animal models of multiple system atrophy. Trends Neurosci 28:501–506

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stefanova N, Reindl M, Neumann M, Kahle PJ, Poewe W, Wenning GK (2007) Microglial activation mediates neurodegeneration related to oligodendroglial alpha-synucleinopathy: implications for multiple system atrophy. Mov Disord 22:2196–2203

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stefanova N, Poewe W, Wenning GK (2008) Rasagiline is neuroprotective in a transgenic model of multiple system atrophy. Exp Neurol 210:421–427

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stefanova N, Hainzer M, Stemberger S, Couillard-Despres S, Aigner L, Poewe W, Wenning GK (2009) Striatal transplantation for multiple system atrophy – are grafts affected by alpha-synucleinopathy? Exp Neurol 219:368–371

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stefanova N, Fellner L, Reindl M, Masliah E, Poewe W, Wenning GK (2011) Toll-like receptor 4 promotes alpha-synuclein clearance and survival of nigral dopaminergic neurons. Am J Pathol 179:954–963

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stefanova N, Georgievska B, Eriksson H, Poewe W, Wenning GK (2012a) Myeloperoxidase inhibition ameliorates multiple system atrophy-like degeneration in a transgenic mouse model. Neurotox Res 21:393–404

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stefanova N, Kaufmann WA, Humpel C, Poewe W, Wenning GK (2012b) Systemic proteasome inhibition triggers neurodegeneration in a transgenic mouse model expressing human alpha-synuclein under oligodendrocyte promoter: implications for multiple system atrophy. Acta Neuropathol 124:51–65

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stemberger S, Jamnig A, Stefanova N, Lepperdinger G, Reindl M, Wenning GK (2011) Mesenchymal stem cells in a transgenic mouse model of multiple system atrophy: immunomodulation and neuroprotection. PLoS One 6:e19808

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ubhi K, Rockenstein E, Mante M, Patrick C, Adame A, Thukral M, Shults C, Masliah E (2008) Rifampicin reduces alpha-synuclein in a transgenic mouse model of multiple system atrophy. Neuroreport 19:1271–1276

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ubhi K, Lee PH, Adame A, Inglis C, Mante M, Rockenstein E, Stefanova N, Wenning GK, Masliah E (2009) Mitochondrial inhibitor 3-nitroproprionic acid enhances oxidative modification of alpha-synuclein in a transgenic mouse model of multiple system atrophy. J Neurosci Res 87:2728–2739

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ubhi K, Inglis C, Mante M, Patrick C, Adame A, Spencer B, Rockenstein E, May V, Winkler J, Masliah E (2012) Fluoxetine ameliorates behavioral and neuropathological deficits in a transgenic model mouse of alpha-synucleinopathy. Exp Neurol 234:405–416

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wenning GK, Granata R, Laboyrie PM, Quinn NP, Jenner P, Marsden CD (1996) Reversal of behavioural abnormalities by fetal allografts in a novel rat model of striatonigral degeneration. Mov Disord 11:522–532

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wenning GK, Stefanova N, Jellinger KA, Poewe W, Schlossmacher MG (2008) Multiple system atrophy: a primary oligodendrogliopathy. Ann Neurol 64:239–246

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yazawa I, Giasson BI, Sasaki R, Zhang B, Joyce S, Uryu K, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VM (2005) Mouse model of multiple system atrophy alpha-synuclein expression in oligodendrocytes causes glial and neuronal degeneration. Neuron 45:847–859

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zuscik MJ, Chalothorn D, Hellard D, Deighan C, McGee A, Daly CJ, Waugh DJ, Ross SA, Gaivin RJ, Morehead AJ, Thomas JD, Plow EF, McGrath JC, Piascik MT, Perez DM (2001) Hypotension, autonomic failure, and cardiac hypertrophy in transgenic mice overexpressing the alpha 1B-adrenergic receptor. J Biol Chem 276:13738–13743

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nadia Stefanova MD, PhD, PD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer-Verlag Wien

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Stefanova, N. (2014). Animal Models. In: Wenning, G., Fanciulli, A. (eds) Multiple System Atrophy. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0687-7_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0687-7_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-0686-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-0687-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics