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Gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität nach herzchirurgischen Eingriffen

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Kompendium der modernen Herzchirurgie beim Erwachsenen

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Zusammenfassung

Die eingeschränkte Lebensqualität und die Krankheitssymptome wecken in den Patienten die Hoffnung, der geplante chirurgische Eingriff werde die Lebensqualität verbessern. Der vom Patienten wahrgenommene Erfolg einer Operation bzw. die subjektive Belastung seines Gesundheitszustands durch eine bestimmte Erkrankung wird mithilfe von patientenzentrierten Beurteilungsinstrumenten bewertet. Traditionell umfassen Risikomodelle zur Beurteilung einer chirurgischen Intervention „harte“ Erfolgsparameter wie Morbidität und Mortalität, während dem subjektiv vom Patienten wahrgenommenen Erfolg eines Eingriffs häufig weniger Aufmerksamkeit beigemessen wurde. Dass den Erfolgsparametern der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität (health-related quality of life, HRQOL) bisher weniger Beachtung geschenkt wurde, könnte zum Teil daran liegen, dass es sich hierbei um „weiche“ Parameter handelt; ein weiterer Grund könnten die bisher weniger erforschten Messgrößen der Lebensqualität sein bzw. die Unsicherheit darüber, welche statistischen Ansätze sich auf dem Gebiet der Lebensqualität am besten zur Datenanalyse eignen. Manche Autoren betonen, dass die traditionellen Messgrößen der Morbidität und Mortalität keine umfassenden Informationen liefern und dass die HRQOL-bezogenen Messinstrumente die Ärzte in die Lage versetzen, sich bei der Therapie mehr auf den Patienten zu konzentrieren als auf die Erkrankung. Auf dem Gebiet der Herzchirurgie bieten die HRQOL-Parameter eine messbare Beurteilung des Patientennutzen im Hinblick auf die Wiederherstellung der Lebensqualität nach herzchirurgischen Eingriffen. Des Weiteren können diese Instrumente die Prognosegenauigkeit verbessern, indem sie die traditionellen Modelle der Risikobeurteilung hinsichtlich der Morbiditäts- und Mortalitätsergebnisse nach dem Eingriff ergänzen.

Die Lebensqualität ist ausschlaggebend, nicht die Lebensdauer. Martin Luther King, Jr.

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  1. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA

    Colleen G. Koch

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Correspondence to Colleen G. Koch .

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  1. Helios Klinikum München West, Klinik für Gefäßchirurgie Aortenzentrum Süd, München, Germany

    Olaf Stanger

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Koch, C.G. (2020). Gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität nach herzchirurgischen Eingriffen. In: Stanger, O. (eds) Kompendium der modernen Herzchirurgie beim Erwachsenen. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0451-4_18

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