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Melanoma Development pp 359–372Cite as

Immunotherapy of Melanoma: A New Era

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Abstract

After decades of phase III trials failing to demonstrate an impact on survival by cytokine-based regimens and the lack of progress in the development of therapeutic vaccines in patients with metastatic melanoma, novel ways of modulating the immune system by monoclonal antibodies have changed the landscape. For the first time a clinically important and statistically significant impact on survival by a systemic therapy in advanced metastatic melanoma patients has been developed. Immunotherapy has finally established itself and is here to stay. The impact of ipilimumab-based immunotherapy in patients with advanced melanoma is a new corner stone for many subsequent developments. Other novel monoclonal antibodies are being developed and substantial hope is emerging that these developments may be able to provide a future for the so far stagnant development of effective therapeutic vaccines in metastatic disease.

In the adjuvant setting, vaccines have performed remarkably poorly. In a number of trials multiple vaccinations seemed even associated with worse outcome. A similar boost to vaccine development, also in the adjuvant setting, may depend on combinations with innovative immunomodulators such as ipilimumab. A new development is also the relative IFN-sensitive profile discovered in patients with ulcerated primary melanomas and low tumor burden in large adjuvant EORTC trials. Here, we may finally target therapies for selected patient populations.

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  1. Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800, Villejuif, Paris, France

    Alexander M. M. Eggermont

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  2. Caroline Robert
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Correspondence to Alexander M. M. Eggermont .

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  1. , Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathololgy, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, Regensburg, 93053, Germany

    Anja Bosserhoff

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Eggermont, A.M.M., Robert, C., Schadendorf, D. (2011). Immunotherapy of Melanoma: A New Era. In: Bosserhoff, A. (eds) Melanoma Development. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0371-5_17

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