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Inflammation and Atherosclerosis pp 331–352Cite as

Macrophages and Atherosclerosis

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Abstract

Atherosclerosis is a slowly-developing, focal thickening of the intimal layer of large and middle sized arteries. By definition, atherosclerotic plaques contain cholesterol, as crystals, as extracellular cholesterol-rich lipid pools or within foam cells [1]. Foam cells are mainly macrophages and to a lesser degree vascular smooth muscle and cells. Dendritic cells can also become foamy [2] (and see below). Connective tissue expansion (i.e. sclerosis) is the other defining feature of atherosclerosis [1]. Arterial connective tissue consists of vascular smooth muscle cells, collagens, elastins, proteoglycans and matrix glycoproteins, all of which are amplified in plaques [3]. A broader term, arteriosclerosis, includes also fibrotic intimal lesions that do not contain excess cholesterol and may therefore not share the same aetiology as atherosclerosis. Good examples are the lesions generated experimentally after balloon injury, which do not show elevated cholesterol concentration or persistent macrophage infiltration [4].

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  1. Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK

    Andrew C. Newby

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  1. Medical University Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 4 a, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria

    Georg Wick

  2. Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Division of Experimental Pathophysiology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Schöpfstraße 41, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria

    Cecilia Grundtman

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Newby, A.C. (2012). Macrophages and Atherosclerosis. In: Wick, G., Grundtman, C. (eds) Inflammation and Atherosclerosis. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0338-8_17

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