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The Creation of the Biennale

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Book cover Biennials — Art on a Global Scale

Part of the book series: Edition Angewandte ((EDITION))

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Abstract

“The City Council of Venice has taken on the initiative of this (the exhibition), since it is convinced that art as one of the most valuable elements of civilization offers both an unbiased development of the intellect and the fraternal association of all peoples.” 5 With these words the history of the biennials begins. Riccardo Selvatico, the mayor of Venice at the time, formulated these high expectations that were placed in art on April 6, 1894, when he announced the foundation of the Biennale di Venezia.

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References

  1. Riccardo Selvatico, mayor of Venice, in a speech he gave on April 6, 1894, cited in Christoph Becker (94), p. 13.

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  2. David Hume, “Of the Refinement of the Arts”, cited from Dorinda Outram (41), p. 89.

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  3. Cf. J.G.A. Pocock (42) p.12.

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  4. Gernot Böhme (13) chapter I, p. 2–6; cf. Zur Aufklärung in der Kunst (On Enlightenment in Art): Klaus Herding (25), p. 65f.

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  5. Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno (27) p. 3.

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  6. loc. cit., p. 12.

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  7. As Werner Busch (14) but also Klaus Herding (25) and Beat Wyss (56), have shown the Enlightenment is by no means free from mythology and esotericism as the free masons lodges and thesophy prove.

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  8. loc. cit., p. 54.

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  9. Cf. Schieder (45) p. 3.

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  10. Cf. Hürten (29) p. 78.

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  11. “Before the revolution of the 18th century, in the hisotry of ideas, there can be no talk of nation in a political sense.” Anne-Marie Thiesse (52).

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  12. Cf. Thiesse (52).

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  13. Ibid.

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  14. Arjan Appadurai (2), p. 15f. Cf. here also Benedict R. Anderson, Die Erfindung der Nation. Zur Karriere eines folgenreiches Konzepts, Frankfurt 1988, Campus Verlag; James C. Scott, Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Conditions Have Failed; New Haven: Yale University Press 1996.

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  15. Hagen Schulze (48) p. 111.

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  16. Cf. Werner Plum (43), p. 9.

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  17. Cf. Plum (43) p. 101.

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  18. Cf. Alfred Nemczek (101) 2000.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Fine Arts and Media Art, University of Applied Arts Vienna, Austria

    Sabine B. Vogel

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  1. Sabine B. Vogel
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© 2010 Springer-Verlag/Wien

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Vogel, S.B. (2010). The Creation of the Biennale. In: Biennials — Art on a Global Scale. Edition Angewandte. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0251-0_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0251-0_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-0250-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-0251-0

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