Abstract
Over the last few decades, the environmental impact of dyes and processes has become an increasingly large part of the dyer’s task. In recent years, the “default” choice is reactive dyes because of their generally good fastness to wet treatments and good range/brightness of shades. In seeking to achieve eco-friendly responsibility in dye application, there is no single solution since there is no single definition of what is green or environmentally responsible. Environmental responsibility is best achieved in cold pad batch application since little or no electrolyte is required, dye fixation is at ambient temperature, and fixation is high. This chapter represents general methodology of cold pad batch dyeing (CPB) of cotton fabric with reactive dyes and gives approach to eco-friendliness of this process.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Best management practices for pollution prevention in the textile industry (manual). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA/625/R-96/004, 1996
Wagner S (1993) Improvements in products and processing to diminish environmental impact. COTTECH Conference, Raleigh, NC
Sommerville WN (1988) Economic analysis of short lot dyeing techniques. Master’s thesis, Department of Textile Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
Smith B (1994) Waste minimization in the textile industry, Presented at the American AATCC Symposium, The Textile Industry 1994: Achieving an Environmental Commitment, Charlotte, NC
Smith B (1989) A workbook for pollution prevention by source reduction in textile wet processing. Office of the Waste Reduction, North Carolina Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources, Raleigh
Bradbury MJ, Collishaw PS, Moorhouse S (2001) Smart rinsing: a step change in reactive dye application technology. AATCC Rev 1(11):45–49
Haas J, Koenemund B, Vogt U (2000) New and better way to wash-off reactive dyestuffs. Melliand Textilber 81(10):847–848
Open width pad-batch dyeing of cotton fabrics. Cotton Incorporated Technical Bulletin, 1992 Issue TS 306-R
Girod K, Galafassi P (2004) The genuine low salt reactive days. Colourage 51(7):100–104
Kitamura S, Washimi T, Yamamoto K (1998) Low salt dyeing using fibre reactive dyes on cotton. Book of papers, AATCC International Conference and Exhibition, Philadelphia, 1998
Siegrist G, Haelters M (1979) Optimierung der Reactivfarberei von Cellulosefasern, Melliand Textilber., 60:590
Shore (ed.)(1995) Cellulosic Dyeing, The Society of Dyers and Colourists, UK
CPB: technical guidelines. Clariant Pakistan Limited, 2009
HYDREC program, for CPB. Clariant Pakistan Limited, 2009
Mark S Carlough, Warren S Perkins (1993) Radio-frequency-assisted fixation of reactive dyes by pad-batch application 109(2):65–71
Khatri Z (2007) Control of tailing and listing problems in continuous dyeing – a systematic and practical approach, published online by (SDC, Bradford, 2007); www.colourclick.com
Acknowledgments
The authors highly acknowledge Mr. Kamran Khatri, Clariant Pakistan Limited, for providing relevant data and Prof. Dr. Anwaruddin Tanwari, Chairman Department of Textile Engineering MUET, Jamshoro, for his continuous help and support in this work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag/Wien
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Khatri, Z., Memon, M.H., Brohi, K.M. (2012). Cold Pad Batch Dyeing: Eco-friendly Dye Application on Cotton. In: Uqaili, M., Harijan, K. (eds) Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0109-4_29
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0109-4_29
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna
Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-0108-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-0109-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)