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An immunohistochemical search for an age-related atrophy of smooth muscle cells in the aorta

Immunhistochemische Untersuchungen zur Frage einer altersbedingten Atrophie der glatten Muskelzellen in der Aorta

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Abstract

Based on a morphometrical evaluation of paraffin sections obtained from 113 autopies covering the age range of 1–80 years in an approximately equal distribution, and immunohistochemically stained for α-actin to visualize smooth muscle cells (SMC), evidence is presented that SMC of the media aortae undergo marked atrophy linearly progressing with age. Since the decrease in volumetrical as well as numerical density of SMC, in particular, has been encountred even outside overlaying atherosclerotic plaques, SMC atrophy seems to represent a primary event connected with general somatic ageing. — It can be expected that the speed of interstitial fluid transport directed along the pulse wave towards the periphery, slows down with increasing SMC atrophy and loss of contractile capacity. Those settings promote age-dependent chemical modification of stagnant intramural low density lipoprotein (LDL) and eventually lead to atheroma formation due to enhanced scavenger endocytosis. This chain of events may account mainly for the abdominal type of aortal atherosclerosis of the elderly, rather than for the more proximally residing atherosclerotic lesions as seen in younger individuals primarily suffering from hyperlipoproteinaemia with an intravascular increase of the life span of LDL and a more rapid endocytosis of chemically modified LDL immediately ensuing after transendothelial passage.

Zusammenfassung

An der multifaktoriellen Pathogenese der Arteriosklerose sind interagierende Prozesse einer gesteigerten Lipidablagerung sowie pathologischen Biomineralisation, Akkumulation interstitieller Matrix, einer zumindest intimalen Gewebsproliferation und eventuell auch einer Atrophie von Gefäßwandzellen beteiligt. Während die an der Plaquebildung beteiligte Zellproliferation in der Intima vielfache Aufmerksamkeit gefunden hat [1, 2, 3], ist das Schicksal der glatten Muskelzellen (GMZ) der Gefäßmedia wenig systematisch untersucht worden. Allerdings hat THOMA bereits im 19. Jahrhundert [4, 5] auf eine mit einer Gefäßwanddilatation verbundene Atrophie der Arterienmedia hingewiesen. Möglicherweise sind die Untersuchungen von THOMA später deshalb in Vergessenheit geraten, weil seinem Ansatz die in der Folge als unzutreffend erwiesene Hypothese zugrunde gelegen hatte, daß eine primäre Atrophie von einer als sekundäres Ereignis aufgefaßten, atheromatösen Intimaproliferation gewissermaßen kompensiert werde.

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© 1992 Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden

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Schaefer, H.E., Bürger, B. (1992). An immunohistochemical search for an age-related atrophy of smooth muscle cells in the aorta. In: Heinle, H., Schulte, H., Schaefer, H.E. (eds) Arteriosklerotische Gefäßerkrankungen. Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-19646-4_20

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-19646-4_20

  • Publisher Name: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, Wiesbaden

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-528-07841-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-663-19646-4

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