Skip to main content

Motivation in Art

  • Chapter
Alternative Traditionen

Part of the book series: Konzeption Empirische Literaturwissenschaft ((KEL,volume 10))

  • 155 Accesses

Abstract

Owing to the influence of psychoanalytic concepts upon the psychology of art motivation, previous studies of the roots of artistic activity have stressed the role of unconscious drives and conflicts in precipitating the creation of art. Without questioning the existence of unconscious motives, I have attempted to study motivational forces which are more directly related to conscious behavior. In pursuing this research I interviewed 100 people (50 adults and 50 children) to determine their motives for making art. The adult group included both professional and nonprofessional artist. I chose to define art in the broad sense and interviewed actors, dancers, musicians, poets, visual artists, and writers. Although there are motives which are unique to a particular medium, this study will be more concerned with motivational principles which apply to all of the arts.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 49.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliography

  • Allport, Gordon (1955): Becoming, New Haven, Conn.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allport, Gordon (1968): The person in psychology, Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnheim, Rudolf (1954): Art and visual perception, Berkeley/Los Angeles.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnheim, Rudolf (1966): Toward a psychology of art, Berkeley/Los Angeles.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnheim, Rudolf (1962): Picassó s Guernica: The genesis of a painting, Berkeley/Los Angeles.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnheim, Rudolf (1949): The gestalt theory of expression. In: Psych. Review 56, 156–171.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnheim, Rudolf (1971): Entropy and art: An essay on disorder and order, Berkeley/Los Angeles.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barron, Frank (1963): The needs for order and for disorder as motives in creative activity. In: Calvin Taylor and Frank Barron (Eds.), Scientific creativity: It’s recognition and development, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barron, Frank (1963): Creativity and psychological health, Princeton, N.J.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berkowitz, Leonhard (1964): The development of motives and values in the child, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berlyne, D.E. (1963): Conflict, arousal and curiosity, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bronowski, Jacob (1973): The ascent of man, Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cannon, Walter (1932): The wisdom of the body, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cassirer, Ernst (1975): The philosophy of symbolic forms, Vols. 1, 2 and 3, New Haven, Conn.

    Google Scholar 

  • Child, C.M. (1924): Physiological foundations of behavior, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cofer, C.N., and M.H. Appley (1964): Movitation: Theory and Research, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dellas, Marie, and Eugene Gaier (1970): Identification of creativity. In: Psychol. Bull. 73, 55–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Enrenzweig, Anton (1965): The psychanalysis of artistic vision and hearing, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eliade, Mircea (1961): The sacred and the profane, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, Willis (Ed.) (1939): Source book of gestalt psychology, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erikson, Erik (1959): Identity and the life cycle, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Erikson, Erik (1963): Childhood and society, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Festinger, Leon (1957): A theory of cognitive dissonance, Evanstone, Ill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frankl, Victor (1962): Man’s search for meaning, Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freud, Sigmund (1968): Leonardo Da Vinci. In: The complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud, Vol. XI, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freud, Sigmund (1968): Five lectures on psychoanalysis. In: The complete works, Vol. XI, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freud, Sigmund (1968): Creative writers and daydreaming. In: The complete works, Vol. IX, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freud, Sigmund (1956): The interpretation of dreams, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freud, Sigmund (1933): New introductory lectures on psychoanalysis, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, Kurt (1940): Human nature, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, Kurt (1939): The organism, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gombrich, E.H. (1961): Art and illusion, Princeton, N.J.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harlow, Harry (1953): Motivation as a factor in the acquisition of new responses. In: Marshall Jones (Ed.), Current theory and research in motivation, Lincoln.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobi, Jolande (1953): The psychology of C.G. Jung, New Haven, Conn.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jung, C.G. (1968): Man and his symbols, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jung, C.G, and R. Wilhelm (1932): The secret of the golden flower, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jung, C.G, and R. Wilhelm (1923): Psychological types, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jung, C.G, and R. Wilhelm (1963): Memories, dreams, reflections, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jung, C.G, and R. Wilhelm (1966): The spirit in man, art and literature. In: The collected works, Vol. XV, Princeton, N.J.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kagan, Jerome (1972): Motives and development. In: Journal of Personality and Social Psych 22/1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kagan, Jerome (Ed.) 1967 ): Creativity and learning, Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kandinsky, Wassily (1947): Concerning the spiritual in art, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kellogg, Rhoda (1969): Analyzing children’s art, Palo Alto, California.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, George (1962): Europe’s matrix of decision. In: Marshall Jones (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, Lincoln.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koestler, Arthur (1964): The act of creation, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koffka, Kurt (1935): Principles of gestalt psychology, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohler, Wolfgang (1947): Gestalt psychology, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreitler, Hans, und Shulamith Kreitler (1972): Psychology of the arts, Durham, N.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kris, Ernst (1952): Psychoanalytic explorations in art, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kubie, Lawrence (1958): Neurotic distortion of the creative process, Lawrence, Kansas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langer, Susanne (1942): Philosophy in a new key, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindzey, Gardner (Ed.) (1942): Assessment of human motives, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacKinnon, D.W. (1965): Personality and the realization of creative potential. In: Amer. Psychologist 20, 273–281.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacKinnon, D.W. (1962): The personality correlates of creativity: A study of american architects. In: Proceedings of the 14th Congress of Applied Psychology, Vol. 2, Munksgaard, 11–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maslow, Abraham (1954): Motivation and personality, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • McClelland, David (1961): The achieving society, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • McClelland, David (1964): The roots of consciousness, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • McClelland, David (1955): Studies in motivation, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • McClelland, David et al. (1953): The achievement motive, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNiff, Shaun (1974): Art therapy at Danvers, Andover, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNiff, Shaun (1974): The myth of schizophrenic art. In: Schizophrenia Bull., Issue No. 9.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNiff, Shaun (1975): A study of art motivation. In: American Psychological Association Symposium — Psychology and the Artistic Process: Implications for Teaching, APA National Conf., Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNiff, Shaun (1975): On art therapy: A conversation with Rudolf Arnheim. In: Art Psychotherapy 2, 195–202.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNiff, Shaun (1975): A study of parallel artistic and personal development. In: American Journal of Art Therapy 14/4.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNiff, Shaun (1976): The effects of artistic development on personality. In: Art Psychotherapy 3 /2, 69–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNiff, Shaun, and Karen McNiff (1976): Art therapy in the classroom. In: Art Teacher 6, 10–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNiff, Shaun, and Robert Oelman (1975): Images of fear. In: Art Psychotherapy 2, 267–278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piaget, Jean (1970): Structuralism, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piaget, Jean (1928): Judgment and reasoning in the child, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rank, Otto (1968): Art and Artist, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, Carl (1961): Client-centered therapy, Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, Carl (1961): On becoming a person, Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, Carl (1963): The actualizing tendency in relation to ‘motives’ and to consciousness. In: Marshall Jones (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, Lincoln.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosner, Stanley, and Lawrence Abt (Eds.) (1970): The creative experience, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaefer-Simmern, Henry (1948): The unfolding of artistic activity, Berkeley/Los Angeles.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skinner, B.F. (1948): Walden II., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skinner, B.F. (1958): Reinforcement today. In: The Amer. Psychologist 13, 94–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skinner, B.F. (1972): Beyond freedom and dignity, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skinner, B.F. (1972): On having a poem. In: Saturday Review LV/29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tolstoy, Leo (1899): What is art? In: The works of Lyof N. Tolstoi, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wertheimer, Max (1959): Productive thinking, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, Robert (1959): Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. In: Psych. Rev. 66, 297–333.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, Robert (1960): Competence and the psychosexual stages of development. In: Marshall Jones (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, Lincoln.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Reinhold Viehoff

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

McNiff, S.A. (1991). Motivation in Art. In: Viehoff, R. (eds) Alternative Traditionen. Konzeption Empirische Literaturwissenschaft, vol 10. Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-14243-0_23

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-14243-0_23

  • Publisher Name: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, Wiesbaden

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-528-07330-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-663-14243-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics