Abstract
The distortion of images of faint high-redshift galaxies by the tidal gravitational field of mass concentrations allows to investigate the mass distribution of individual galaxy clusters, the investigation of the statistical properties of the mass distribution in galaxy halos, and the detection of dark halos without any reference to their luminosity. In addition, the statistical properties of the image distortion field on large scales can be used to infer directly the power spectrum of cosmological density fluctuations and to find (dark) matter concentrations purely from their mass properties. I will outline the basic methods of this new research field in extragalactic astrophysics, and present several recent results; in particular, a high-resolution mass map of a high-redshift cluster of galaxies is presented and compared to the light distribution.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alcock, C., Akerlof, C.W., Allsman, R.A., Axelrod, T.S., Bennett, D.P., Chan, S., Cook, K.H., Freeman, K.C., Griest, K., Marshall, S.L., Park, H.-S., Perlmutter, S., Peterson, B.A., Pratt, M.R., Quinn, P.J., Rodgers, A.W., Stubbs, C.W., and Sutherland, W. (The MACHO Collaboration) (1993): Possible gravitational microlensing of a star in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Nature, 365, 621
Aubourg, E., Bareyre, P., Brehin, S., Maurice, E., Prevot, L., and Gry, C. (1993): Evidence for gravitational microlensing by dark objects in the Galactic halo. Nature, 365, 623
Bartelmann, M. (1995): Cluster mass estimates from weak lensing. Astron. Astrophys, 303, 643
Bartelmann, M. and Narayan, R. (1995): The Lens Parallax Method: Determining Redshifts of Faint Blue Galaxies through Gravitational Lensing. Astrophys. J, 451, 60
Bartelmann, M., Narayan, R., Seitz, S. and Schneider, P. (1996): Maximum Likelihood Cluster Reconstruction. Astrophys. J, 464, L115
Bernardeau, F., van Waerbeke, L., and Mellier, Y. (1997): Weak Lensing Statistics as a Probe of Omega and Power Spectrum. Astron. Astrophys,in press
Blandford, R.D., Saust, A.B., Brainerd, T.G., and Villumsen, J.V. (1991): The Distortion of Distant Galaxy Images by Large-Scale Structure. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc, 251, 600
Bonnet, H. and Mellier, Y. (1995): Statistical analysis of weak gravitational shear in the extended periphery of rich galaxy clusters. Astron. Astrophys, 303, 331
Bower, R.G. and Smail, I. (1997): A Weak Lensing Survey in the Field of z ti 1 Luminous Radio Sources. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc,in press
Brainerd, T.G., Blandford, R.D., and Smail, I. (1996): Weak Gravitational Lensing By Galaxies. Astrophys. J, 466, 623
Broadhurst, T.J. (1995): In: Dark matter, AIP Conf. Proc. 336 (eds. S.S. Holt and C.L. Bennett). AIP, New York
Broadhurst, T.J., Taylor, A.N., and Peacock, J.A. (1995): Mapping Cluster Mass Distributions via Gravitational Lensing of Background Galaxies. Astrophys. J, 438, 49
Dell’Antonio, I.P and Tyson, J.A. (1996): Galaxy Dark Matter Galaxy-Galaxy Lensing in the Hubble Deep Field. Astrophys. J,473 L17
Dressler, A., Oemler, A., Butcher, H., and Gunn, J.E. (1994): The Morphology of Distant Cluster Galaxies. I. HST Observations of CL 0939+4713. Astrophys. J, 430, 107
Erben, T. (1997): Die Bestimmung von Galaxieneigenschaften durch Galaxy-Galaxy-Lensing. Diplomarbeit, TU München
Fahlman, G, Kaiser, N., Squires, G., and Woods, D. (1994): Dark Matter in MS 1224 from Distortion of Background Galaxies. Astrophys. J, 437, 56
Fort, B. and Mellier, Y. (1994): Arc(let)s in clusters of galaxies. Astron. Astrophys. Rev, 5, 239
Fort, B., Mellier, Y., Dantel-Fort, M., Bonnet, H., and Kneib, J.-P. (1996): Observations of weak lensing in the fields of luminous radio sources. Astron. Astrophys, 310, 705
Gorenstein, M.V., Falco, E.E., and Shapiro, I.I. (1988): Degeneracies in Parameter Estimates for Models of Gravitational Lens Systems. Astrophys. J, 327, 693
Griffiths, R.E., Casertano, S., Im, M., and Ratnatunga, K.U. (1996): Weak gravitational lensing around field galaxies in Hubble Space Telescope survey images. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc, 282, 1159
Jain, B. and Seljak, U. (1997): Cosmological Model Predictions for Weak Lensing: Linear and Nonlinear Regimes. Astrophys. J,in press
Kaiser, N. (1992): Weak Gravitational Lensing of Distant Galaxies. Astrophys. J, 388, 272
Kaiser, N. (1995a): Nonlinear Cluster Lens Reconstruction. Astrophys. J, 439, Ll
Kaiser, N. (1995b): Weak Gravitational Lensing: Current Status and Future Prospects. preprint (astro-ph/9509019)
Kaiser, N. (1996): Weak lensing and cosmology. Astrophys. J, submitted
Kaiser, N. and Squires, G. (1993): Mapping the Dark Matter with Weak Gravitational Lensing. Astrophys. J, 404, 441
Kaiser, N., Squires, G., and Broadhurst, T. (1995): A Method for Weak Lensing Observations. Astrophys. J, 449, 460
Kaiser, N., Squires, G., Fahlman, G., and Woods, D. (1994): In: Clusters of galaxies (eds. F. Durret, A. Mazure, and J. Tran Thanh Van). Editions Frontiers, Gif-sur-Yvette
Kneib, J.-P., Ellis, R.S., Smail, I., Couch, W.J., and Sharples, R.M. (1996): Hubble Space Telescope Observations of the Lensing Cluster Abell 2218. Astrophys. J, 471, 643
Kochanek, C.S. and Hewitt, J.N. (eds.)(1996): Astrophysical applications of gravitational lensing,IAU Symp. 173. Kluwer, Dordrecht
Luppino, G. and Kaiser, N. (1997): Detection of Weak Lensing by a Cluster of Galaxies at z = 0.83. Astrophys. J, 475, 20
Lynds, R. and Petrosian, V. (1986): Giant luminous arcs in galaxy clusters. Bull. Amer. Astron. Soc, 18, 1014
Miralda-Escudé, J. (1991): Gravitational Lensing by Clusters of Galaxies: Constraining the Mass Distribution. Astrophys. J, 370, 1
Mould, J., Blandford, R., Villumsen, J., Brainerd, T., Smail, I., Small, T., and Kells, W. (1994): A Search for Weak Distortion of Distant Galaxy Images by Large-Scale Structure. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc, 271, 31
Narayan, R. and Bartelmann, M. (1997): Jerusalem Winter School Lectures on gravitational lensing
Paczynski, B. (1986): Gravitational Microlensing by the Galactic Halo. Astrophys. J, 304, 1
Paczynski, B. (1996): Gravitational Microlensing in the Local Group. Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys, 34, 419
Refsdal, S. and Surdej, J. (1994): Thermometry below 1 k. Rep. Prog. Phys, 56, 117
Schindler, S. and Wambsganss, J. (1996): ROSAT/HRI study of the optically rich, lensing cluster CL0500–24. Astron. Astrophys,in press
Schneider, P. (1995): Cluster lens reconstruction using only observed local data. Astron. Astrophys, 302, 639
Schneider, P. (1996): Detection of (dark) matter concentrations via weak gravitational lensing. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc, 283, 837
Schneider, P. and Bartelmann, M. (1997): Aperture multipole moments from weak gravitational lensing. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc, 286, 696
Schneider, P. and Rix, H.-W. (1997): Quantitative Analysis of Galaxy-Galaxy Lensing. Astrophys. J, 474, 25
Schneider, P. and Seitz, C. (1995): Steps towards nonlinear cluster inversion through gravitational distortions. I. Basic considerations and circular clusters. Astron. Astrophys, 294, 411
Schneider, P., Ehlers, J., and Falco, E.E. (eds.) (1992): Gravitational lenses. Springer, New York
Schneider, P., van Waerbeke, L., Mellier, Y., Jain, B., Seitz, S. and Fort, B. (1997): Detection of shear due to weak lensing by large-scale structure. Astron. Astrophys, submitted
Seitz, C. and Schneider, P. (1995): Steps towards nonlinear cluster inversion through gravitational distortions. II Generalization of the Kaiser and Squires method. Astron. Astrophys, 297, 287
Seitz, S. and Schneider, P. (1996): Cluster lens reconstruction using only observed local data: an improved finite-field inversion technique. Astron. Astrophys, 305, 383
Seitz, C. and Schneider, P. (1997): Steps towards nonlinear cluster inversion through gravitational distortions. III. Including a redshift distribution of the sources. Astron. Astrophys, 318, 687
Seitz, S., Schneider, P., and Ehlers, J. (1994): Light propagation in arbitrary spacetimes and the gravitational lens approximation. Class. Quan. Gravity, 11, 2345
Seitz, C., Kneib, J.-P., Schneider, P., and Seitz, S. (1996): The mass distribution of CL 0939+4713 obtained from a `weak’ lensing analysis of a WFPC2 image. Astron. Astrophys, 314, 70732
Smail, I and Dickinson, M. (1995): Lensing by Distant Clusters: HST Observations of Weak Shear in the Field of 3C 324. Astrophys. J,455 L99
Smail, I., Ellis, R.S., and Fitchett, M.J. (1994): Gravitational Lensing of Distant Field Galaxies by Rich Clusters — I. Faint Galaxy Redshift Distributions. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc, 270, 245
Smail, I., Ellis, R.S., Fitchett, M.J., and Edge, A.C. (1995): Gravitational lensing of distant field galaxies by rich clusters. II. Cluster mass distributions. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc, 273, 277
Soucail, G., Fort, B., Mellier, Y., and Picat, J.P. (1987): A blue ring-like structure, in the center of the A 370 cluster of galaxies. Astron. Astrophys, 172, L14
Squires, G. and Kaiser, N. (1996): Unbiased Cluster Lens Reconstruction. Astrophys. J, 473, 65
Squires, G., Kaiser, N., Babal, A., Fahlmann, G., Woods, D., Neumann, D M, and Böhringer, H. (1996): The Dark Matter, Gas, and Galaxy Distributions in Abell 218: A Weak Gravitational Lensing and X-Ray Analysis. Astrophys. J, 461, 572
Tyson, J.A. and Fischer, P. (1995): Measurement of the Mass Profile of Abell 1869. Astrophys. J, 446, L55
Tyson, J.A., Valdes, F., Jarvis, J.F., and Mills, A.P., Jr. (1984): Galaxy Mass Distribution from Gravitational Light Deflection. Astrophys. J, 281, L59
Udalski, A. (1993): The optical gravitational lensing experiment. Discovery of the first candidate microlensing event in the direction of the galactic bulge. Acta Astro, 43, 289
Villumsen, J.V. (1996): Weak lensing by large-scale structure in open, flat and closed universes. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc, 281, 369
Walsh, D., Carswell, R.F., and Weymann, R.J. (1979): 0957 + 561 A, B — Twin quasistellar objects or gravitational lens. Nature, 279, 381
Wu, X.-P. (1996): Gravitational lensing in the Universe. Fund. Cosm. Phys, 17, 1
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Schneider, P. (1998). Cosmological Dark Matter as Seen with Weak Gravitational Lensing. In: Riffert, H., Ruder, H., Nollert, HP., Hehl, F.W. (eds) Relativistic Astrophysics. Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-11294-5_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-11294-5_2
Publisher Name: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, Wiesbaden
Print ISBN: 978-3-663-11296-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-663-11294-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive