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Das Ende der politisierten Sozialstruktur? pp 247–278Cite as

Klassen-, Religions- und Geschlechterspaltungen: Parteien und Gesellschaften in vergleichender Perspektive

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Zusammenfassung

Mit ihrer richtungsweisenden theoretischen Analyse der Ursprünge politischer Spaltungen in Westeuropa fassten Lipset und Rokkan den Ertrag einer ganzen Forschergeneration zusammen, die sich mit politischen Gegensätzen in westlichen Demokratien beschäftigte. Danach reflektieren diese Gegensätze eine komplexe Abfolge historischer Prozesse, die durch zwei Revolutionen ausgelöst wurden: Die „nationale“ und die „industrielle“ Revolution (Lipset und Rokkan 1967; Rose 1974; Bartolini und Mair 1990). In dieser Sichtweise produzierten die sozialen Gegensätze, die aus diesen beiden Revolutionen resultieren, stabile Muster gruppenbasierter politischer Konflikte, die in den modernen Parteiensystemen ihren Ausdruck finden. Zu den wichtigsten dieser sozialen Spaltungen (cleavages) 2 gehören diejenigen, die auf Klassengegensätzen (ausgelöst durch die industrielle Revolution) sowie auf Religion, Ethnizität und Sprache (ausgelöst durch die nationale Revolution) basieren. Obwohl die konkrete Ausdrucksform und die relative Stärke der einzelnen Spaltungen von Land zu Land variieren (abhängig von der jeweiligen politischen Geschichte), wurde angenommen, daß eine einmal etablierte Spaltungsstruktur eine dauerhafte (oder „eingefrorene“) Grundlage für die sich durch das Wahlverhalten ausdrückenden politische Konflikte darstellt (Lipset und Rokkan 1967: 50).

Übersetzt von Martin Elff unter Mitarbeit von Katarina Pollner.

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Authors
  1. Paul Nieuwbeerta
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  2. Jeff Manza
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Frank Brettschneider Jan van Deth Edeltraud Roller

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© 2002 Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden

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Nieuwbeerta, P., Manza, J. (2002). Klassen-, Religions- und Geschlechterspaltungen: Parteien und Gesellschaften in vergleichender Perspektive. In: Brettschneider, F., van Deth, J., Roller, E. (eds) Das Ende der politisierten Sozialstruktur?. Veröffentlichung des Arbeitskreises „Wahlen und politische Einstellungen“ der Deutschen Vereinigung für Politische Wissenschaft (DVPW), vol 8. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-09538-5_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-09538-5_10

  • Publisher Name: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden

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