Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Benzodiazepine und Amnesie

  • Chapter
Schlafstörungen in der Praxis

Zusammenfassung

Benzodiazepine gehören zu den meist verschriebenen psychotropen Arzneimitteln überhaupt und werden seit mehr als 25 Jahren zur Behandlung von Angstzuständen, Schlafstörungen, der Epilepsie sowie zur Vermeidung von präoperativem Streß und gegen Muskelverspannungen eingesetzt. Kurz nach Einführung von Diazepam als Prämedikation in der Anästhesie wurde über die ausgeprägte Amnesie vor allem nach intravenöser Gabe berichtet (10, 12). Obwohl bei operativen Eingriffen von Arzt und Patient durchaus erwünscht, ist die benzodiazepininduzierte Amnesie in anderen Anwendungsbereichen wie der anxiolytischen Behandlung und der Therapie von Schlafstörungen als unerwünschte Begleiterscheinung anzusehen. Es gilt als gesichert, daß zu den wesentlichen Nebenwirkungen der Benzodiazepine auf der kognitiven Ebene Gedächtnisstörungen zählen. Neben dem verständlichen Wunsch, den Mechanismus zu verstehen, wuchs das wissenschaftliche Interesse, als sich herausstellte, daß Benzodiazepinwirkungen auf das Gedächtnis in wesentlichen Eigenschaften organisch bedingten Amnesien gleichen (78).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 44.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  1. Adam K, Oswald I. Can a rapidly-eliminated hypnotic cause daytime anxiety? Pharmacopsychiatry 1989, 22: 115–119.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Atkinson RC, Shiffrin RM. The control of short-term memory. Sci Am 1971, 224: 82–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Baddeley AD. Implications of neuropsychological evidence for theories of normal memory. Philos Trans R Soc Lond 1982, B 298: 59–72.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Baddeley AD. The psychology of memory. Harper and Row: London. 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Baddeley AD. Cognitive psychology and human memory. In: TINS 1988, 11: 176–181.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Berenberg D, Dorow R, Duka T, Sauerbrey N. Benzodiazepine receptor ligands: tools for memory research in clinical pharmacology. In: Hindmarch I, Ott H (Hrsg). Benzodiazepine receptor ligands, memory and information processing. Springer Verlag: Berlin 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Berenberg D. Die amnestische Wirkung von Lormetazepam und deren Aufhebung durch den Benzodiazepinantagonisten Ro 15–1788. Med. Diss., Freie Universität Berlin 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bixler EO, Kales A, Brubaker BH, Kales JD. Adverse reactions to benzodiazepine hypnotics. Spontaneous Reporting System. Pharmacology 1987, 35: 286–300.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Braestrup C, Schmiechen R, Neef G, Nielsen M, Petersen EN. Interaction of Convulsive ligands with benzodiazepine receptors. Science 1982, 216: 1241–1243.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Brown SS, Dundee JW. Clinical studies of induction agents XXV: Diazepam. Br J Anaesth 1968, 40: 108–112.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Brown JM, Brown JB, Bowes JB. Effects of lorazepam on rate of forgetting, on retrieval from semantic memory and on manual dexterity. Neuropsychologia 1983, 21: 501–512.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Clarke PRF, Eccersley PS, FRISBY JP, THORNTON JA. The amnesic effect of diazepam (Valium). BR J Anaesth 1970, 42: 690–697.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Cole SO. Effects of benzodiazepines on acquisition and performance: A critical assessment. Neuroscience & Biobehavioural Reviews 1986, 10: 265–272.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Craik FIM. On the transfer of information from temporary to permanent memory. Philos Trans R Soc Lond (Biol) 1973, 302: 341–359.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Curran HV Tranquilising memories: A review of the effects of benzodiazepines on human memory. Biol Psychol 1986, 23: 179–213.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Dorow R, Horowski R, Paschelke G, Amin M, Braestrup C. Severe anxiety induced by FG 7142, a l-carboline ligand for benzodiazepine receptors. Lancet 1983, II: 98–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Dorow R, Berenberg D, Duka T, Sauerbrey N. Amnestic effects of lormetazepam and their reversal by the benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15–1788. Psychopharmacology 1987a, 93: 507–514.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Dorow R, Duka T, Sauerbrey N, Holler L. 13-carbolines: New insights into the clinical pharmacology of benzodiazepine ligands. In: Dahl S, Gram LF, Paul SM, Potter WZ (Hrsg). Clinical pharmacology in psychiatry: Selectivity in psychotropic drug action — promises or problems. Springer Verlag: Berlin 1987b, 37–51.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Dorow R, Duka T, Holler L, Sauerbrey N. Clinical perspectives of 13-carbolines from first studies in humans. Brain Res Bull 1987c, 19: 319–326.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Duka T, Stephens DN, Krause W, Dorow R. Psychotropic activity of the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist 13-carboline, ZK 93 426, in human volunteers. Psychopharmacology 1987, 93: 421–427.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Dux, T, Edelmann V, Schütt B, DOROW R. 13-carbolines as tool in memory research: human data with the ß-carboline ZK 93 426. In: Hindmarch I, Ott H (Hrsg). Benzodiazepine receptor ligands, memory and information processing. Springer Verlag: Berlin 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Duka T, Goerke D, Dorow R, Holler L, FICHTE K Human studies on the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist 13-carboline ZK 93 426: antagonism of lormetazepam’s psychotropic effects. Psychopharmacology 1988, 95: 463–471.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Duka T, Stephens DN, Dorow R. Cognitive enhancing properties of antagonist 13carbolines: new insights into clinical research on the treatment of dementias? In: (im Druck).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Dundee JW, George DA. The amnesic action of diazepam, flunitrazepam and lorazepam in man. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg 1976, 27: 3–11.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Eich JE. The cue-dependent nature of state-dependent retrieval. Memory and Cognition 1980, 8: 157–175.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Frith DC, Richardson JTE, Samuel M, Crow TJ, Mckenna PJ. The effects of intravenous diazepam and hyoscine upon human memory. Q J Exp Psychol 1984, 36A: 133–144.

    Google Scholar 

  27. George KA, Dundee JW. Relative amnesic actions of diazepam, flunitrazepam and lorazepam in man. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1977, 4: 45–50.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Ghoneim MM, Mewaldt SP. Effects of diazepam and scopolamine on storage, retrieval and organizational processes in memory. Psychopharmacology 1975, 44: 257–262.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Ghoneim MM, Mewaldt SP, Berrie JL, Hinrichs JV. Memory and performance effects of single and three weeks administration of diazepam. Phsychopharmacology 1981, 73: 147–151.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Ghoneim MM, Hinrichs JV, MEWALDT SP. Dose-response analysis of the behavioural effects of diazepam: I. Learning and Memory. Psychopharmacology 1984, 82: 291–295.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Glanzer M, Cunitz AR. Two storage mechanisms in free recall. J Verb Learn Verb Behav 1966, 5: 351–360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Griffiths RR, Lamb RR, Ator NA, Roache JD, BRADY JV. Relative abuse lability of triazolam: Experimental assessment in animals and humans. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 1985, 9: 133–151.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Higgit A, Lader M, Fonagy P. The effects of benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15–1788 on psychophysiological performance and subjective measures in normal subjects. Psychopharmacology 1986, 89: 2395–403.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Hinrichs JV, Ghoneim MM, Mewaldt SP. Diazepam and memory: retrograde fascilitation produced by interference reduction. Psychopharmacology 1984, 84: 158–162.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Hommer DW, Breier A, Paul SM, Davis M, Weingartner H. Ro 15–1788, a specific benzodiazepine antagonist, blocks the sedative, anxiolytic and attentional but not amnestic effects of diazepam in humans. Abstracts of the 25. ACNP Annual Meeting 1986, 204.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Ikonomidou C, Turski LA, Klockgether T, Schwarz M, Sontag KH. Effect of methyl ß-carboline-3-carboxylate, Ro 15–1788 and CGS 8216 on muscle tone in genetically spastic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 128: 1–7, Psychopharmacology 1985, 89: 395–403.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Jensen LH, Petersen EN, Braestrup C, Honore T, Kehr W, Stephens DN, Schneider HH, Seidelmann D, Schmiechen R. Evaluation of the 43-carboline ZK 93 426 as a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Psychopharmacology 1984, 83: 249–256.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Kales A, Hoedemaker FS, Jacobson A, Kales JD, Paulson MJ, Wilson TE: Mentation during sleep: REM and NREM recall reports. Percept Mot Skills 1967, 24: 555–560.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Koella WP. Die Physiologie des Schlafes. Gustav Fischer Verlag: Stuttgart 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Kubicki S, Rohloff A, Orr H, Fichm K. Vigilanz and Amnesie nach Benzodiazepingabe. Neurophysiologische and pharmakopsychologische Aspekte. In: Schulte AM Esch (Hrsg). Benzodiazepine in Anaesthesie and Intensivmedizin. Roche: Basel 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Linnoila M, Guthrie S, LISTER R. Mechanisms of drug-induced impairment of driving. In: O’Hanlon JF, de Gier JJ (Hrsg). Drugs and driving. Taylor & Francis: London 1986, 29–49.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Lister RG. The amnestic action of benzodiazepines in man. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 1985, 9: 87–94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Luau I, Rickels K, Geller AM. Chronic use of benzodiazepines and psychomotor and cognitive test performance. Psychopharmacology 1986, 88: 426–433.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Lucia I, Rickels K. The effect of anxiolytic drugs on memory in anxious subjetcs. In: Hindmarch I, Ott H (Hrsg). Benzodiazepine receptor ligands, memory and information processing, psychometric, psychopharmacological and clinical issues. Psycho-pharmacology. Springer Verlag 1988, 128–139.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Mann RE, Cho-Young J, Vogel-Sprott M. Retrograde enhancement by alcohol of delayed free recall performance. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1984, 20: 639–642.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Mckay AC, Dundee JW. Effect of benzodiazepines on memory. BR J Anaesth 1980, 52: 1247–1257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Mewaldt SP, Hinrichs JV, Ghoneim MM. Diazepam and memory: support for a duplex model of memory. Memory and Cognition 1983, 11: 557–564.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Mondadori C, Waser PG. Fascilitation of memory processing by post-trial morphine: Possible involvement of reinforcement mechanisms Psychopharmacology 1979, 63: 297–300.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Morris HH, Estes ML. Traveler’s amnesia. Transident global amnesia secondary to triazolam. JAMA 1987, 258: 945–946.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Oboyle C, Lambe R, Darragh A, Taffe W, Brick I, Kenny M. Ro 15–1788 antagonizes the effects of diazepam in man without affecting its biovailability. Br J Anaesth 1983, 55: 349–356.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Orr H, Hemmerling KG, Kugler J, Suttmann H, Doenicke A, Tesch C, Strassner G. Amnestische Begleitwirkungen nach i.v.-Gabe von Lormetazepam and Flunitrazepam. In: Doenicke A, Ott H (Hrsg). Anaesthesiologie and Intensivmedizin Springer Verlag: Berlin 1980, 131–1310.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Ott, H, Rohloff A, Aufdembrinke B, Fichte K. Anterograde and retrograde amnesia after lormetazepam and flunitrazepam. In• Hindmarch I, Ott H (Hrsg). Benzodiazepine receptor ligands, memory and information processing, psychometric, psychopharmacological and clinical issues. Psychopharmacology. Springer Verlag 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Pandit SK, Dundee JW, Keilty SR. Amnestic studies with intravenous premedication. Anaesthesia 1971, 26: 421–428.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Pandit SK, Heisterkamp DV, Cohen PJ. Further studies of the anti-recall effect of lorazepam: a dose-time-effect relationship. Anaesthesiology 1976, 45: 495–500.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Parker ES, Birnbaum IM, Weingartner H, Hartley JT, Stillman RC, Wyatt RJ. Retrograde enhancement of human memory with alcohol. Psychopharmacology 1980, 69: 219–222.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Parkes JD. Sleep and its disorders. Saunders Company: London 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Petersen EN, Jensen LH, Honore T, Braestrup C, Kehr W, Stephens DN, Wachtel H, Seidelmann D, Schmiechen R. ZK 91 296, a partial agonist at benzodiazepine receptors. Psychopharmacology 1984, 83: 240–248.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Polc P, Bonetti EP, Schaffner R, Haefely W. A three-state model of the benzodiazepine receptor explains the interactions between the benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15–1788, benzodiazepine tranquilizers, l-carbolines and phenobarbitone. NaunynSchmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol 1982, 321: 260–264.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Pomara N, Deptula D, Medel M, Block RI, Greenblatt DJ. Effects of diazepam of recall memory. Relationship to aging, dose an duration of treatment. Psychopharmacology Bulletin 1989, 25: 144–148.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Postmann L. Transfer, interference and forgetting. In: King JW, Riggs LA (Hrsg). Woodworth and Schlosberg’s experimental psychology: Learning, memory and motivation, Vol 2. Holt Rinehart and Winston: New York 1972: 1019–1132.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Postmann L. Interference theory revisited. In: Brown J (Hrsg). Recall and recognition. Wiley: New York 1976: 157–181.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Preston GC, Ward CE, Broks P, Traub M, Stahl SM. Effects of lorazepam on memory, attention and sedation in man: antagonism by Ro 15–1788. Psychopharmacology 1988, 97: 222–227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Robbins J, Ikeda H. Benzodiazepines and the mammalian retina. I. Autoradiographic localisation of receptor sites and the lack of effect on the electroretinogram. Brain Res 1989a, 479: 313–322.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Robbins J, Ikeda H. Benzodiazepines and the mammalian retina. II. Actions on retinal ganglion cells. Brain Res 1989b, 479: 323–333.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Roehrs T, Mclenaghan A, Koshorek G, Zorick F, Roth T. Amnestie effects of lormetazepam. Psychopharmacology (Suppl. 1) 1984, 84: 165–172.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Sarter M. ß-carbolines as tools in memory research: Animal data and speculations. In: Hindmarch I, Ott H, Roth T (Hrsg). Benzodiazepine receptor ligands: Memory and information processing. Psychopharmacology. Springer Verlag 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Sarter M, Schneider HH, Stephens DN. Treatment strategies for senile dementia: antagonist ß-carbolines. TINS 1988, 11: 13–17.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Scharf MB, Khosla N, Brocker N, Goff P. Differential amnestic properties of short-and long-acting benzodiazepines. J Clin Psychiatry 1984, 45: 51–53.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Scharf MB, Kauffman R, Brown L, Segal JJ, Hirschowitz J. Morning amnestic effects of triazolam. J Clin Psychiatry 1986, 8: 38–44.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Schopf J, Laurian S, Le PK, Gaillard JM. Intrinsic activity of the benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15–1788 in man: an electrophysiological investigation. Pharmacopsychiatry 1984, 17: 79–83.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Schratzer M, Bischoff RC. Anterograde Amnesie nach i.v.-Applikation von Benzodiazepinen. Vortrag, 26. Tagung experimentell arbeitender Psychologen. Nürnberg 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Stephens DN, Duka T, Andrews J. Benzodiazepine, ß-carbolines and memory. In: Weinheim J, Hunter J. Memory: Neurochemical and abnormal perspectives. Harwood Academic Publishers GmbH: London 1990 (im Druck).

    Google Scholar 

  73. Shader RI, Greenblatt DJ. Triazolam and anterograde amnesia: All is not well in the Z-Zone. J Clin Pharmacol 1983, 3: 273.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Subhan Z, Hindmarch I. Assessing residual effects of benzodiazepines on short-time memory. Pharmaceut Med 1984, 1: 27–32.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Subhan Z. The effects of benzodiazepines on short-term memory an information processing. Psychopharmacology 1984, 84 (Suppl. 1): 173–181.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Van Der Kroef C. Reactions to triazolam. Lancet 1979, II: 526.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Venault P, Chapoutier G, De Carvalho LP, Simiand J, Morre M, Dodd RH, Rossier J. Benzodiazepine impairs and ß-carboline enhances performance in learning and memory. Nature 1986, 321: 864–866.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Weingartner H. Models of memory dysfunctions. Ann NY Acad Sci 1985, 444: 359–369.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Wolkowitz OM, Weingartner H, Thompson K, Pickar D, Paul SM, Hommer DW. Diazepam-induced amnesia: A neuro-pharmacological model on an „organic amnestic syndrome“. Am J Psychiatry 1987, 144: 25–29.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. R. Dorow
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. D. Berenberg
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Psychiatrie, Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Straße 11, 4400, Münster, Deutschland

    G. A. E. Rudolf

  2. Pharma Deutschland Medizin, Schering Aktiengesellschaft, Postfach 65 03 11, 1000, Berlin 65, Deutschland

    A. Engfer

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Dorow, R., Berenberg, D. (1990). Benzodiazepine und Amnesie. In: Rudolf, G.A.E., Engfer, A. (eds) Schlafstörungen in der Praxis. Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-05253-1_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-05253-1_5

  • Publisher Name: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, Wiesbaden

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-663-05254-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-663-05253-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation