Zusammenfassung
Unter den vier nicht zu den Spurenelementen gerechneten Bio-Metallkationen nimmt Mg2+ aufgrund seines geringen lonenradius eine Sonderstellung ein (vgl. Tab. 13.1; Martin; Black, Huang, Cowan). Dieses Ion bevorzugt wegen des relativ kleinen Verhältnisses Radius/Ladung und der daraus folgenden Lewis-Acidität mehrfach negativ geladene Liganden, insbesondere Polyphosphate; im Gegensatz zum verwandten und in der katalytischen Funktion teilweise ähnlichen Zn2+ ist Mg2+ jedoch eindeutig ein „hartes“ Elektrophil (vgl. Abb. 2.6), welches mit einfachen N- und S-Liganden wie His oder Cys− keine inerten Komplexe mehr bildet. Darüber hinaus bevorzugt Mg2+ sehr stark die Koordinationszahl sechs mit weitgehend oktaedrischer Konfiguration, während die sonst in der biologischen Funktion vergleichbaren Ionen entweder zu niedrigeren (Zn2+) oder höheren Koordinationszahlen neigen (Ca2+). Daß jedoch von dieser Regel unter dem „entatischen Streß“ durch ein Enzymprotein auch abgewichen werden kann, zeigt das Beispiel der Enolase (14.9).
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Kaim, W., Schwederski, B. (2005). Katalyse und Regulation bioenergetischer Prozesse durch die Erdalkalimetallionen Mg2+ und Ca2+ . In: Bioanorganische Chemie. Teubner Studienbücher Chemie. Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-01605-2_14
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