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Trauma-Biomechanik pp 267–279Cite as

Schädigungen und Verletzungen durch chronische Belastung

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Zusammenfassung

Ein Unfall ist definiert als ein heftiges, ungewöhnliches, möglicherweise gesundheitsschädigendes Ereignis, das plötzlich und unerwartet auftritt und in der Regel von kurzer Dauer ist. Der Ausdruck „chronisch“ impliziert hingegen eine Belastung, die über einen – im Vergleich zur typischen Dauer eines Unfalls – langen Zeitraum wirkt. Entscheidend ist, dass bei chronischer mechanischer Überlastung Gesundheitsschäden und/oder Verletzungen bei Belastungen auftreten können, die für sich genommen unterhalb der individuellen Verletzungstoleranzen liegen. Die Auswirkung der Belastungen wird jedoch durch die lange Einwirkdauer bestimmt und verschärft. Dabei tritt die Belastung nicht zwangsläufig ununterbrochen auf; sie kann regelmäßig oder auch unregelmäßig wirken, z. B. nur während Trainingszeiten (Sport) oder Arbeitszeiten (Baumaschinen). Teilweise wirken diese Belastungen über Jahre hinweg. Die einzelne Belastung selbst ist in der Regel ungefährlich bzw. der Körper kann sich rasch davon erholen. Ursachen, Mechanismen, Belastungsmuster, Toleranzen wie auch Prävention und Möglichkeiten zur Minderung von Gesundheitsschäden unterscheiden sich daher deutlich von denjenigen, die aus der Analyse von Unfällen bekannt sind.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. AGU Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz

    Kai-Uwe Schmitt

  2. AGU Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz

    Peter F. Niederer

  3. University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Kanada

    Duane S. Cronin

  4. Columbia University, New York, USA

    Barclay Morrison III

  5. AGU Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz

    Markus H. Muser

  6. AGU Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz

    Felix Walz

Authors
  1. Kai-Uwe Schmitt
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  2. Peter F. Niederer
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  3. Duane S. Cronin
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  4. Barclay Morrison III
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  5. Markus H. Muser
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  6. Felix Walz
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Correspondence to Kai-Uwe Schmitt .

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© 2020 Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature

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Schmitt, KU., Niederer, P.F., Cronin, D.S., Morrison III, B., Muser, M.H., Walz, F. (2020). Schädigungen und Verletzungen durch chronische Belastung. In: Trauma-Biomechanik. Springer Vieweg, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60936-1_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60936-1_10

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  • Publisher Name: Springer Vieweg, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-60935-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-60936-1

  • eBook Packages: Computer Science and Engineering (German Language)

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