Abstract
The Two Reform Movements of the 11th Century
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1.
The First Reform under the Leadership of Fan Chung-yen (1043-1045)
Fan (989-1052), one of the greatest men of the age, was famous for his saying that “A scholar ought to worry (over the problems of the time) before anyone else begins to worry (about them), and ought to enjoy life only after everybody else has enjoyed life.”
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2.
The Second Reform or “New Deal” (新法) Movement under the Leadership of Wang An-shih (1069-1085)
Wang An-shih (1021-1086) was able to win the complete confidence of the Emperor Shên-Chung (1068-1085) who supported his program of reforms whole-heartedly.
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Shih, H. (2020). The Age of Rational Philosophy. In: Wu, H. (eds) An Outline of the History of Chinese Thought by Hu Shih. China Academic Library. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60895-1_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60895-1_4
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