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S3-Leitlinie Diagnostik und Behandlung der Essstörungen pp 1–18Cite as

Epidemiologie der Ess- und Fütterstörungen

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Zusammenfassung

Seit der Veröffentlichung der ersten AWMF-S3-Leitlinie „Diagnostik und Therapie der Essstörungen“ erfolgte 2013 die Veröffentlichung der neuen amerikanischen Psychiatrieleitlinien im Diagnostischen und Statistischen Manual psychischer Störungen DSM-5 (deutsche Ausgabe 2015). Darin wurden (kindliche) Fütterstörungen im Kapitel „Fütter- und Essstörungen“ zu einem Bereich zusammengefasst. Im DSM-5-Manual liegen für folgende Störungen diagnostische Kriterien vor: Pica, Ruminationsstörung, Störung mit Vermeidung oder Einschränkung der Nahrungsaufnahme (alle drei hauptsächlich im Kindesalter vorkommend) sowie Anorexia nervosa (AN), Bulimia nervosa (BN) und Binge-Eating-Störung (BES). Die diagnostischen Kriterien, wie z. B. für AN, BN und BES, wurden auch geändert – sie wurden etwas breiter gefasst. Das hat unmittelbaren Einfluss im Sinne einer mäßigen Erhöhung der Inzidenz- und Prävalenzzahlen. Die Veränderung der diagnostischen Kriterien von DSM-IV auf DSM-5 ist auch aus anderen Gründen relevant: die meisten wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten zu Neuerkrankungsraten und zur Häufigkeit psychischer Erkrankungen wurden auf der Basis der DSM-Kriterien gemacht. In Deutschland sind andererseits klinisch und gegenüber Kassen und Rentenversicherungen die internationalen Diagnosekriterien ICD relevant.

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  1. GmbH & Co. KG, Schön Klinik Roseneck, Prien a. Chiemsee, Deutschland

    Manfred M. Fichter

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  1. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychosomatische Medizin und Ärztliche Psychotherapie (DGPM), Bochum, Germany

    Stephan Herpertz

  2. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Nervenheilkunde (DGPPN), Prien a. Chiemsee, Bayern, Germany

    Manfred Fichter

  3. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie (DGKJP), Aachen, Germany

    Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann

  4. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Essstörungen (DGESS), Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany

    Anja Hilbert

  5. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychologie (DGPs), Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

    Brunna Tuschen-Caffier

  6. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Essstörungen (DGESS), Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany

    Silja Vocks

  7. Deutsches Kollegium für Psychosomatische Medizin (DKPM), Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

    Almut Zeeck

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Fichter, M.M. (2019). Epidemiologie der Ess- und Fütterstörungen. In: Herpertz, S., et al. S3-Leitlinie Diagnostik und Behandlung der Essstörungen. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-59606-7_1

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