Abstract
4D-CT scan is a new modality that allows the musculoskeletal system to be assessed real time. It is best used in conditions where dynamic assessment will assist in the diagnosis. Impingement and instability are areas where we have found the 4D-CT scan to be of clinical value. It is also a valuable research tool.
Dynamic MRI is also a new method, which allows imaging of the osseous and soft tissues throughout motion.
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1 Electronic Supplementary Material
Patient 1—A video showing limited pronation in the right forearm (M4V 3873 kb)
4D-CT scan concept, with examples of proximal radioulnar impingement due to an enlarged radial tuberosity and valgus instability (M4V 3185 kb)
Patient 2—Dynamic MRI of the forearm rotation, with limited pronation and impingement of the biceps tendon within the proximal radioulnar space (M4V 9247 kb)
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MacLean, S.B.M., Bain, G., Carr, R. (2020). 4D-CT and Dynamic MRI Assessment of Elbow Disorders. In: Bain, G., Eygendaal, D., van Riet, R. (eds) Surgical Techniques for Trauma and Sports Related Injuries of the Elbow. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58931-1_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58931-1_7
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