Skip to main content

Zusammenfassung

Dank unseres leistungsfähigen Gehirns können wir eine Vielzahl von Lebensaufgaben bewältigen. Unsere Fähigkeit der Informationsverarbeitung lässt uns komplexe Situationen und Sachverhalte verstehen, aus Erfahrungen lernen, die Zukunft planen, mit anderen Menschen kommunizieren, Wissen aneignen und vieles mehr. Das Bild vom perfekten „Homo Ratio“ ist jedoch nicht ganz zutreffend.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 19.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Literatur

  • Aronson, E., Wilson, T., & Akert, R. (2008). Sozialpsychologie (6. Aufl.). München: Pearson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baron, J., & Hershey, J. (1988). Outcome bias in decision evaluation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 569–579.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cho, H., & Boster, F. (2008). First and third person perceptions on anti-drug ads among adolescents. Communication Research, 35, 169–189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Christensen-Szalanski, J., & Willham, C. (1991). The hindsight bias: A meta-analysis. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 48, 147–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davison, W. (1983). The third-person effect in communication. Public Opinion Quarterly, 47, 1–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dechêne, A., Stahl, C., Hansen, J., & Wänke, M. (2010). The truth about the truth: A meta-analytic review of the truth effect. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 14, 238–257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eagly, A., Ashmore, R., Makhijani, M., & Longo, L. (1991). What is beautiful is good, but …: A meta-analytic review of research on the physical attractiveness stereotype. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 109–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ehrlinger, J., Gilovich, T., & Ross, L. (2005). Peering into the bias blind spot: People’s assessments of bias in themselves and others. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 680–692.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fernbach, P., Rogers, T., Fox, C., & Sloman, S. (2013). Political extremism is supported by an illusion of understanding. Psychological Science, 24, 939–946.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Furnham, A. (1986). The robustness of the recency effect: Studies using legal evidence. The Journal of General Psychology, 113, 351–357.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gauggel, S. (2008). Was ist Kognition? Grundlagen und Methoden. In T. Kircher & S. Gauggel (Hrsg.), Neuropsychologie der Schizophrenie (S. 12–18). Berlin: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hastorf, A., & Cantril, H. (1954). They saw a game: A case study. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 49, 129–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holzman, P., & Gardner, R. (1960). Leveling-sharpening and memory organization. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 61, 176–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kahan, D. (2017). Misconceptions, misinformation, and the logic of identity-protective cognition. SSRN Electronic Journal. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2973067.

  • Krosnick, J., & Alwin, D. (1987). An evaluation of a cognitive theory of response-order effects in survey measurement. Public Opinion Quarterly, 51, 201–219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kunda, Z. (1990). The case for motivated reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 480–498.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mullen, B., Brown, R., & Smith, C. (1992). Ingroup bias as a function of salience, relevance, and status: An integration. European Journal of Social Psychology, 22, 103–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nisbett, R., & Wilson, T. (1977). The halo effect: Evidence for unconscious alteration of judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 250–256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pennycook, G., Cannon, T., & Rand, D. (2018). Prior exposure increases perceived accuracy of fake news. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 147, 1865–1880.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pohl, R. (2004). Cognitive illusions. New York: Psychology Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross, L. (1977). The intuitive psychologist and his shortcomings: Distortions in the attribution process. In L. Berkowitz (Hrsg.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Bd. 10, S. 173–220). New York: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross, L., & Ward, A. (1995). Naive realism: Implications for misunderstanding and divergent perceptions of fairness and bias. In T. Brown, E. Reed, & E. Turiel (Hrsg.), Values and knowledge (S. 103–135). Hillsdale: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rozenblit, L., & Keil, F. (2002). The misunderstood limits of folk science: An illusion of explanatory depth. Cognitive Science, 26, 521–562.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, J., & Spreng, R. (1996). A proposed model of external consumer information search. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 24, 246–256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skowronski, J., & Carlston, D. (1989). Negativity and extremity biases in impression formation: A review of explanations. Psychological Bulletin, 105, 131–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sparrow, B., Liu, J., & Wegner, D. (2011). Google effects on memory: Cognitive consequences of having information at our fingertips. Science, 333, 776–778.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sundar, S., & Nass, C. (2001). Conceptualizing sources in online news. Journal of Communication, 51, 52–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swann, W. B., Jr., & Bosson, J. K. (2010). Self and identity. In S. T. Fiske, D. T. Gilbert, & G. Lindzey (Hrsg.), Handbook of social psychology (Bd. 1, S. 589–628). Hoboken: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taber, C., & Lodge, M. (2006). Motivated skepticism in the evaluation of political beliefs. American Journal of Political Science, 50, 755–769.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Todd, P., & Gigerenzer, G. (2000). Précis of simple heuristics that make us smart. Behavioral and Brain Science, 23, 727–780.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science, 185, 1124–1131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wason, P. (1960). On the failure to eliminate hypotheses in a conceptual task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 12, 129–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Silvana Weber .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Weber, S., Knorr, E. (2020). Kognitive Verzerrungen und die Irrationalität des Denkens. In: Appel, M. (eds) Die Psychologie des Postfaktischen: Über Fake News, „Lügenpresse“, Clickbait & Co.. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58695-2_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58695-2_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-58694-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-58695-2

  • eBook Packages: Psychology (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics