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Operating Voltage of Li-Ion Batteries on the Basis of Phase Diagram and Thermodynamics

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Nanostructured Materials for Next-Generation Energy Storage and Conversion

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Abstract

The behavior of Li-ion batteries is explained on the basis of phase diagram and thermodynamics. Calculation of phase diagram (Calphad) technique is introduced and applied for obtaining reliable thermodynamic models of corresponding material systems. Si and Sn as well as mixed conductor Si-Sn alloys are selected as example anode materials. LiMn2O4 spinel cathode is used to explain behavior of the cathode side. Finally, operating voltages of an imaginary battery series composed of Si-Sn mixed conductor anodes and LiMn2O4 spinel cathodes are shown using calculated results obtained with established thermodynamic models.

Author Contribution: Dajian Li formulated structure of the manuscript and wrote Li-Sn, Li-Si-Sn, and combined battery part. Weibin Zhan and Song-Mao Liang wrote Li-Mn-O part and Li-Si part, respectively. The authors worked together for writing the introduction part as well as reviewing the total manuscript.

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Acknowledgments

Dajian Li appreciates financial support from the German Research Foundation DFG project (LI 2839/1-1). Weibin Zhang was supported by Qilu Young Scholar Program in Shandong University. Song-Mao Liang acknowledges DFG Priority Programme “WendeLiB SPP 1473” under grant no. Schm 588/37.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Applied Materials − Applied Materials Physics (IAM-AWP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany

    Dajian Li

  2. Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China

    Weibin Zhang

  3. University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA

    Song-Mao Liang

Authors
  1. Dajian Li
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  2. Weibin Zhang
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  3. Song-Mao Liang
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dajian Li .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Nano-Science and Nano-Technology, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China

    Qiang Zhen

  2. Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, USA

    Sajid Bashir

  3. Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, USA

    Jingbo Louise Liu

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Li, D., Zhang, W., Liang, SM. (2019). Operating Voltage of Li-Ion Batteries on the Basis of Phase Diagram and Thermodynamics. In: Zhen, Q., Bashir, S., Liu, J. (eds) Nanostructured Materials for Next-Generation Energy Storage and Conversion. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58675-4_13

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