Zusammenfassung
Das Kapitel gibt einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Ergebnisse der Forschung zu den gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen von Arbeitslosigkeit. Wesentliche Befunde sind, dass Arbeitslosigkeit nicht nur mit eingeschränkter Gesundheit einhergeht, sondern diese auch verursacht. Der Effekt ist von hoher Bedeutsamkeit für die Betroffenen und die öffentliche Gesundheitsversorgung, da Arbeitslosigkeit beispielsweise mit einer Verdoppelung des Risikos behandlungsbedürftiger psychischer Störungen einhergeht. Wirkmechanismen, die den negativen Effekt von Erwerbslosigkeit mediieren, sind bei der psychischen Gesundheit neben finanziellen Problemen insbesonder ein Mangel an sog. latenten Funktionen der Erwerbsarbeit, die durch den Verlust einer Stelle verloren gehen (Zeitstruktur, Status, Sozialkontakt, Sinnvermittlung, Aktivität, Kompetenz). Bei der körperlichen Gesundheit sind physiologische Stresswirkungen, Änderungen des Gesundheitsverhaltens sowie negative gesundheitliche Auswirkungen von Armut als Wirkfaktoren bedeutsam.
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Paul, K.I., Zechmann, A. (2019). Arbeitslosigkeit und Gesundheit. In: Haring, R. (eds) Gesundheitswissenschaften. Springer Reference Pflege – Therapie – Gesundheit . Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58314-2_45
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